Dazu stone carving is the general name of the cliff statues in the county 102. Among them, 75 are listed as cultural relics protection units at all levels, and the national ones are Baoding Mountain, Beishan Mountain, Nanshan Mountain, Shimen Mountain and Shi Zhuan. There are Jianshanzi, Miaogaoshan, Shuyang and Qianfo Mountain at the municipal level; There are 66 Fengshan Temple at the county level. 1030 There are about 50,000 caves. Buddhism is the main content, followed by Taoism, and the rest are statues of Buddhism and Taoism, Buddhism and Confucianism, historical figures and providers (also known as masters of merit); Inscriptions, poems and inscriptions are more than 65438+ ten thousand words. Carving categories are mainly high and low reliefs, a small number of round carvings and a small number of yinxian carvings. Baodingshan is located in the northeast of long gang zhen15km in Dazu District, with an altitude of 527.83m. The Cliff Statue of Baodingshan was excavated in the Southern Song Dynasty, and the surrounding rocks are covered with Buddha statues within 2.5km, including the statues of Giant Buddha Bay and Small Buddha Bay centered on Shengshou Temple. Dazu Buddha Bay is the main body, followed by Xiaofo Bay, which is distributed in the east, south and north directions. There are more than 360 giant sculptures here, the most famous of which are the six divisions in Wheel of Karma, the vast pavilions, the three sacred statues of Huayan, Guanyin with a thousand hands and so on.
There are Shengshou Temple and East Sichuan Ancient Temple, which were founded in the Southern Song Dynasty. The temple stands tall, carved with beams and painted buildings, and is located in a forest with magnificent scenery and elegant environment. The south rock on the side of the temple is a longevity building, a two-story pavilion with a unique shape.
Baoding stone carvings were carved by Zhao Zhifeng, who is known as the "Sixth Generation Maha", during the period from Xichun to Chunyou in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 174- 1252), which lasted for more than 70 years. It is a large Buddhist tantric Dojo with nearly 10,000 Buddha statues. The key protection area of Cliff Statue in Baoding Mountain is 7.93 hectares, the general protection area is 37. 14 hectares, and the construction control area is 53.30 hectares.
Shengshou Temple, built on the mountain, is magnificent. Zhao Zhifeng was founded in the Southern Song Dynasty, but it was defeated in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties and rebuilt twice in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The existing seven halls, such as the Mountain Gate, the Heavenly King Hall, the Emperor's Interpretation Hall, the Daxiong Hall, the III Buddha Hall, the Burning Lamp Hall and the Vimo Hall, were rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty. The building area is 163 1.68 m2.
Giant Buddha Bay is located in a U-shaped mountain bay at the lower left of Shengshou Temple. The cliff is about 500 meters long and 8-25 meters high. There are statues carved on the cliffs on the east, south and north sides, generally numbered 3 1. Statue of the Guardian King, Six Divisions in Karma Wheel, Vast Treasure Pavilion, Hua Yan Sansheng, Avalokitesvara with Thousand Hands, Buddhist Stories, Nirvana of Sakyamuni, Prince Bath in Kowloon, Peacock King Mingjing in disguise, Piludong, and Parents' Kindness Sutra Joe. All the statues are illustrated and illustrated, and the niches are not repeated.
Little Buddha Bay is located on the right side of Shengshou Temple, north-south direction. Its main building is a stone altar, with a height of 2.3 1, an east-west width of 16.50 and a depth of 7.90 meters. The altar wall is made of stone, and the stone chamber is carved with Buddha and Bodhisattva statues, numbered No.9 ... mainly including the founder's dharma pagoda, the wall of seven Buddha niches, the cave of gratitude, the temple's moon wheel niche and ten evil pictures, the Piluan Cave, the Huayan Sansheng Cave, and the well irrigation niche. Nanshan, formerly known as Guanghua Mountain, is located in Wuhuali, southeast of Dazu District. The original Taoist temple on the top of the mountain was called Jade Emperor Temple. Nanshan stone carving originated in the Southern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1 127- 1279) and belongs to Taoist sculpture. It was slightly supplemented in Ming and Qing Dynasties.
1956 August 16, Sichuan Provincial People's Committee announced that Nanshan Cliff Stone Carving belongs to Sichuan Cultural Relics Protection Unit; After Chongqing was restored as a municipality directly under the central government, it was also rated as a key cultural relics protection unit in Chongqing. There are fifteen niches in the cliff statue here. Taoist works are the main features of Nanshan stone carvings. The cliff statue in Beishan was carved in the late Tang Dynasty and ended in the Southern Song Dynasty. It is the largest stone carving in Dazu, which is as famous as Baodingshan stone carving. It is located on Beishan Mountain, 2 kilometers north of Dazu District. With the Giant Buddha Bay as the center, there are five places around Guanyin Slope, Yingpanpo, Foeryan and Beita Temple. It is more than 500 meters long. The rock is about 7 meters high and statues are made along the cliff. From south to north, it is shaped like a crescent moon, and the cave is like a honeycomb. More than 5000 statues. The sculpture is exquisite, skillful and ingenious. Except for some inscriptions, towers and shallow niches, the rest are well preserved.
Beishan, formerly known as Longgang Mountain, is located in the north of long gang zhen in Dazu District 1.5km, with an altitude of 545.5m m. Beishan is surrounded by green trees. There is an inclined white tower at the top of the mountain, and there are two giant buddhas under the tower. There are 7.62 hectares in Beishan Cliff Statue Key Protection Area, 2 hectares in general protection area and 28 hectares in construction control area. The Cliff Statue of Fowan in Beishan was excavated in 892 ~ 1 162 (from the first year of Tang Jingfu in the Southern Song Dynasty to Shaoxing). The cliff is about 300 meters long and 7 ~ 10 meters high. As dense as a honeycomb, the grottoes are divided into south and north sections, generally numbered 290 (1 ~ 100 is the south section and 10 1 ~ 290 is the north section). Among them, there are 264 statues, 1 intaglio painting/kloc-0, and 8 classic buildings.
There are nearly 10,000 cliff statues in Beishan, mainly for secular worship of Buddha. There are 5 1 sculpture theme, mainly Buddhism tantra, accounting for more than half of the total. Followed by third-order religion, pure land Sect and so on. These sculpture themes were very popular among the people at that time, and they were the products of secularization of Buddhism, which was different from the grottoes in China. The sculptures in Beishan are famous for their exquisite carving, exquisite craftsmanship, exquisite elegance, and show the development and changes of China's folk Buddhist beliefs and grottoes' artistic styles from the end of the 9th century to the middle of12nd century (the end of the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties and the Song Dynasty).
There are 12 kinds of sculpture themes in the late Tang Dynasty at the end of the 9th century, among which Guanyin, Guanyin in the niche of Dizang, Guanyin threatened by Amitabha Buddha and Dizang are the majority. The statue is dignified and plump, full of temperament, thin clothes and a legacy of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Pit of Wang Wu, Pit No.9 of Guanyin, Sakyamuni 10, No.3 of 5/kloc-0 and Amitabha No.52 are all his representative works. In particular, Buddhist Sutra No.245 is rich in content in disguised form, with distinct levels, engraved with "three sages of the West", "three lives", "no hatred" and "sixteen views", as well as people engaged in singing and dancing, pavilions and pavilions on the terrace, etc. There are 539 statues and more than 460 cultural relics, which preserve various historical materials of images; It is second to none among similar sculptures in China Grottoes.
/kloc-In the mid-20th century, the Five Dynasties statues accounted for more than one third of the statues in Beishan, which was the area with the largest number of statues in China during this period. There are 18 kinds of statues, and some new contents have appeared, such as The Classic of Pharmacists and Darani Classic Architecture. Its artistic characteristics are small and exquisite, changeable posture, natural and unrestrained manner, and increasingly complicated decorative patterns, showing the transitional style from Tang Dynasty to Song Dynasty. For example, the Buddha Bodhisattva statue No.53 has both the fullness and simplicity of the Tang Dynasty sculpture and the slender body of the Song Dynasty sculpture. No.273 avalokitesvara and its waiter, No.281Pure Land of Oriental Pharmacists, etc. , there are thin clothes, tang style, its beautiful appearance, similar to the Song Dynasty. From the late 10 century to the mid 12 century, there were 2 1 kinds of sculptures in Song Dynasty, especially Guanyin, which was known as the exhibition hall of Guanyin statues in China. The works of this period are closer to life and reflect the aesthetic taste of the Song Dynasty. Statues have the characteristics of distinctive personality, graceful posture, well-proportioned proportion and gorgeous costumes. The most representative is the1142-1146, which passed through the cave. Cave statues reflect their inner peace with their quiet facial depictions, and show their noble status with exquisite costumes. Line modeling, both line and surface, full of China national characteristics. The garland is covered with ribbons, flowers and beads, which are exquisite and decorative; Moreover, many of them are well preserved, just like new engravings, and are recognized as "a pearl in the crown of China Grottoes". Others, such as 125 Zhu Zhu Hand Guanyin,13 Shuiyue Guanyin, 133 Peacock King Cave, 155 Sizhou Dasheng Shrine, 180 Thirteen Guanyin Camouflage Cave, etc. Image, posture, personality, facial expression, clothes folds, decorations, etc. The combination of these statues is varied, beautifully carved, step by step and comprehensive.
There are seven stone tablets in the cliff statue in Beishan. Among them, the Weijun Jing Monument carved in 895 AD is an important supplement to Tang Shi. 165438-1189' s Tomb of Zhao Yi Jian Gong was written by Cai Jing, one of the four great calligraphers in the Song Dynasty, and it is a treasure of calligraphy art; Chapter 22 "China Ancient Filial Piety Monument" is called "this is the only moment in the world" by historians. In addition, there are inscriptions, poems and 77 statues of 17. Historical geography, religious beliefs, grottoes dating and staging, historical figures and other research values are very high. Shi Zhuan Mountain is located in Fohui Village, Sanqu Town, 25 kilometers southwest of long gang zhen, Dazu District, with an altitude of 444.6 meters. According to Fohui Temple's "Yan Xun Ji Bei", the statue was carved from the fifth year of Yuanfeng in the Northern Song Dynasty to the third year of Shaosheng in 1082 ~ 1096. The cliff face of the statue is about130m long and 3-8m high, and the general number is 10. Shi Zhuan Cliff Statue Key Protection Area is 0.2 1 ha, General Protection Area is 0. 18 ha, and Construction Control Area is 2.47 ha.
Shi Zhuan Cliff Statue is a typical sculpture area integrating Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism, which is rare in grottoes. Among them, No.6 is the Temple of Confucius and the Ten Philosophers. The statue of Confucius, the great thinker and founder of China, is carved on the front wall, and the ten most famous disciples of Confucius are carved on both sides. This is rare in grotto statues. No.7 is a three-body Buddhist shrine. No.8 is the niche for the old gentleman, with the statue of Laozi, the founder of China Taoism, carved in the middle, and 7 statues of real people and wizards on the left and right. Judging from the statues, the above three niches were all carved by Yan Xun, the owner of the big manor, and also by Wen, a famous sculptor at that time.
1956 August 16, Sichuan provincial people's Committee announced that the cliff statue in Shi Zhuan belongs to the cultural relics protection unit in Sichuan province. (later changed to Chongqing key cultural relics protection unit). 1On April 26th, 963, Dazu County People's Committee announced that the Cliff of Thousand Buddha Cliffs belongs to cultural relics protection units in Dazu County. Shi Zhuan is represented by Laojun Cave. Shimen Mountain is located in Xinsheng Village, shima town, 20 kilometers east of long gang zhen, Dazu District, with an altitude of 374.1m. The statue was carved in1094 ~1151year (Shaosheng in Northern Song Dynasty to Shaoxing in Southern Song Dynasty). The total length of the carved cliff surface is 7 1.8m, and the cliff height is 3.4 ~ 5m. The general number is 16, in which there is a statue 12 cave. In addition, there are 20 statues, 8 steles, 8 farming records and the names of craftsmen, such as unique writing, literary gathering and swords. Shimenshan Cliff Statue Key Protection Area 1.06 hectares, General Protection Area 1.30 hectares and Construction Control Area 5.50 hectares.
The Cliff Statue of Shimen Mountain is a statue area where Buddhism and Taoism are integrated, especially Taoist statues. For example, the statue of clairvoyance outside the second niche of the Jade Emperor has eyes like two bells, as if it can see thousands of miles away; Ugly ears, Zhang Er listened carefully; Second, the muscles are strong, the tendons are exposed, and the techniques are exaggerated. Wu Tong, the seventh emperor, has one foot. His left foot is independent of a hot wheels. He has a wide forehead and deep eyes, a wide mouth and thick lips. He wears a flying robe, which comes and goes freely like the wind. 10 There are 35 statues in Huang San Cave, which are elegant and exquisite, with overlapping clothes patterns and more realistic "human flavor" than "divine flavor". 12 is a 98-word statue of Dongyue Dida Baoqin in disguise, centering on Dongyue Dida and Empress Shuming, reflecting the prominent position of Dongyue aristocratic family among Taoist gods from 10 to 13 century (Song Dynasty). Buddhist themes mainly include pharmacists' shrines, Shuiyue Guanyin shrines, Sakyamuni shrines, Ten Immortals Guanyin Grottoes, Peacock King Jingbian Grottoes, and Moody's shrines in the lake. Among them, No.6 Ten Holy Guanyin Cave is the most exquisite.
Shimen Mountain Grottoes, excavated in the Song Dynasty, are located at the top of Shimen Mountain in Xinsheng Village, shima town, east of Dazu District. They are named after two huge stones standing like doors on the mountain. Its statues along the rock, *** 13 caves, or immortals, or ghosts and gods, live in one area, all of which are exquisite. From 65438 to 0996, the State Council was declared as a national key cultural relics protection unit.