Cao Cao liked Cao Zhi's talent very much, so he wanted to depose Cao Pi and make Cao Zhi the crown prince. When Cao Cao asked Jia Yi for his opinion on this matter, Jia Yi remained silent. Cao Cao asked strangely: "Why don't you speak?".
Jia Yi said: "I am thinking about something!".
Cao Cao asked: "Are you there?" What are you thinking about?".
Jia Yi replied: "I am thinking about the disaster caused by Yuan Shao and Liu Biao's abandonment of their elders and their younger ones.".
Cao Cao laughed after hearing this. He immediately understood the implication of Jia Yi's words, so he stopped mentioning the matter of deposing Cao Pi.
In the Southern Dynasties, Emperor Qi Gao studied calligraphy with Wang Sengqian, a calligrapher at that time. Once, Emperor Gao suddenly asked Wang Sengqian: "Whose calligraphy is better, you or me?".
This question is difficult to answer. It is against one's conscience to say that Emperor Gao's calligraphy is worse than his own; Saying that Emperor Gao's handwriting is not as good as his own will make Emperor Gao's face difficult to maintain, and may even make the relationship between the emperor and his ministers very bad.
Wang Sengqian's answer was very clever: "I am the best among the ministers, and you are the best among the ministers.".
There are only a few emperors, but there are not many ministers. There are countless, but the implication of Wang Sengqian’s words is very clear.
Gaodi understood the implication, laughed, and gave up, not mentioning the matter again.
Enlightenment: In many situations, there are some things that cannot be said directly or clearly. Therefore, circumlocution has become a method used by people. "
The story begins as usual a long time ago...
In a distant country, there lived a very grumpy king and his baby princess in the palace, and there were also He selected countless beautiful women from all over the world. One day, the king found that his beautiful daughter actually fell in love with a poor boy. He was extremely angry and wanted to execute this ignorant boy. But he did not want his daughter to hate him. He didn't want the people to say that he was a cruel king, so he called the young man to him and said to him: "Tomorrow you will be taken to the city gate. Behind the two gates are beauties and lions. You have to choose between them. one. If there is a lion behind the city gate you choose to open, then you will be eaten by it; if there is a beautiful woman standing behind it, then you will marry her. "When the beautiful princess found out about this, she couldn't help but feel sad and conflicted. If she couldn't bear her sweetheart being eaten by a lion, she would have to watch him marry another woman. At this time, the people also knew the king's story. Order. Everyone is talking about what will be behind the door that the princess pointed out to her lover the next day. Will she choose to save her lover's life but let another woman get him, or would she rather her lover die from the lion's mouth?
There happened to be a businessman from a neighboring country in the city who had to rush home that night. On the way, he kept thinking about the fate of the young man. After returning home, he told his countrymen about it because everyone wanted to know the outcome. So an envoy was sent to that country. They were received by an elder. However, after the elder knew the purpose of the visitors, he did not tell them the answer directly. Instead, he told them a story:
"Not long after the incident you want to know the outcome of, another incident happened in our country. A prince traveled across the ocean and came to our country because he admired our beautiful women. He went to the king and asked him to give him a beautiful woman from the harem as his wife. Because the other party was a prince, my king could not refuse, so he selected a beautiful woman in the harem to marry them that day. The prince was blindfolded throughout the wedding. After the wedding the prince was brought before the king, and my king said to him: 'I have granted your request and given you a wife. There are 20 brides here now, and you have to choose the one who just held your wedding ceremony among them. But you can't talk to them or touch them anywhere. If you haven't found the real bride within twenty minutes or found the wrong person, you will be executed. ’”
“During the wedding, the prince only held hands with the bride, but due to the restriction of no contact, all the prince could do was walk around in front of 20 beauties. As time passed by, the prince suddenly noticed that two beauties reacted when he approached. One was smiling slightly, and the other was frowning slightly. He concluded that the real bride must be among these two people. And now, I can also tell you that the prince's guess is correct, and the real bride is indeed one of them.
But who is it? The prince looked at the smiling beauty. She seemed to be saying: It's me, don't you remember? Hurry up and hold my hand! He looked at the frowning beauty again. She seemed to be blaming him: Why haven't you seen that I am your bride? Please hold my hand! Smiling means expecting, frowning means anxious. The prince hesitated. At the last moment of the time limit, the prince stepped forward and took the hand of one of them: This is my bride! There was a burst of applause from all around, and flowers and ribbons were scattered all over them. The prince found his real bride, so the king came out and held a grand wedding for them again. ”
“Well, gentlemen, if you can tell me whose hand the prince held in the end, the smiling one or the frowning one, in exchange, I will tell the princess’s lover who he chose in the end.” Is it the door that hides the lion or the door that hides the beauty? ”
So the visiting group began to think about and discuss new multiple-choice questions. It is said that they are still hesitant to this day.
Leonardo Da Vinci is a famous Italian painter. When he was a child, one day, the teacher took out an egg and said, "Can you draw two identical eggs?" After that, Leonardo da Vinci thought: What's so good about eggs? What's the difficulty? Da Vinci looked at it from this side and that side, and the eggs were still eggs, but he couldn't draw two identical eggs. So, he asked the teacher. First, the teacher praised him for his careful observation. , and told him not to underestimate this egg. In fact, it is thousands of eggs, which are different eggs from different angles. Da Vinci remembered this sentence and not only painted with his hands, but also painted with his heart. Decades later, he finally became a great painter.
This is a telling art story------
During the American Revolutionary War, the whole country was recruiting soldiers. At that time, basically all the young people in the village were recruited away. Most of the remaining people were old or unwilling to go. At this time, a propaganda poster was posted in the village. The poster said: Going to the battlefield is not so difficult. It’s scary. There are only two possibilities for being a soldier: injured or not injured. Needless to say, if you are not injured, there are only two possibilities: slight injury and serious injury. Needless to say, there are only two possibilities for being seriously injured: It goes without saying that it can be treated and it cannot be treated. It goes without saying that it can be treated, but it means death if it cannot be treated. Since you are already dead, what is there to fear?
The number of people in the village signing up to join the army has increased sharply.
Wang Xizhi came to Tiantai Mountain before the Lanting Festival. He was attracted by the magical and beautiful scenery of Tiantai Mountain, so he stayed in Hua. He enjoyed the wonders of the sunrise and the sea of ??clouds and mist. His calligraphy was also polished. He kept practicing calligraphy and washing his brushes and inkstones, and even the clear blue pool was dyed black. This is how the ink pool got its name one night. , Wang Xizhi was practicing calligraphy under the lamp, practicing and practicing, and wrote one piece of white paper, which was spread all over the floor. Late at night, he still read each word carefully and thought about what he had written. He was not satisfied with the word "", so he read and practiced again, but he was too tired from practicing. Suddenly, a breeze passed by, and a white cloud floated over, and there was a man with white hair and silver beard on the cloud. The old man looked at him with a smile and said, "Your handwriting is good! "
"Where, where! "Wang Xizhi answered humbly while giving up his seat. Seeing the old man looking at his handwriting carefully, he asked for advice: "My father-in-law, please correct me." "
Seeing Wang Xizhi's sincerity, the old man said: "Stretch out your hand. "
Wang Xizhi was wondering, what was the old man going to do? Seeing that the old man was serious and not joking, he slowly stretched out his hand. The old man took the pen and said with a smile: "I see you Learn to write sincerely, and you will learn a secret that will be useful in the future. After the old man finished speaking, he wrote a word on Wang Xizhi's palm, then nodded and said, "You will make progress faster." "Stop talking. Wang Xizhi hurriedly shouted: "Where does Mr. live? "I only heard a faint sound in the air: "White clouds on the rooftop..."
Wang Xizhi saw that the character "Yong" was in the palm of his hand. He drew, drew, wrote and practiced, and finally understood: The know-how of horizontal and vertical hooks, dots and strokes, and the structure of the square characters are all reflected in the word "Yong". Mr. Bai Yun taught him really good calligraphy skills! After that, Wang Xizhi practiced more diligently, and his calligraphy became more free and easy. Okay, amazing.
Afterwards, Wang Xizhi returned to Shaoxing, and while gathering with literary friends in Lanting, he wrote the "Preface to the Lanting Collection", a calligraphy treasure that has been passed down through the ages. Wang Xizhi never forgot Mr. Baiyun's "Yong" style in Tiantai Mountain, so he sincerely wrote "Huang Jing Cave" and placed it in a steep and steep cave on the top of the mountain. Later generations called it "Huang Jing Cave".
Beethoven's "Moonlight" piano sonata was written in 1801. That year Beethoven admitted in a letter his fear of ear disease. He also wrote in a letter: "I am now living a slightly happier life, a change brought about by a lovely, charming girl who loves me and for whom I love... ..Unfortunately, she is not of my class, and I cannot marry yet. The "lovely, charming girl" mentioned in the letter is seventeen-year-old Julietta, a piano student of Beethoven. She may also be the source of inspiration for the slow movement in String Quartet No. 18 of Beethoven's Opus No. 18. This sonata is called "Moonlight" because of the German poet Ludwig Lehrstab. The first movement of this piece is compared to "like a boat rocking on the moonlit lake of Lake Lucerne in Switzerland". There is also a touching legend about this piece, when Beethoven played the piano to a pair of blind brothers and sisters. , the wind blew out the candle. At that time, the moonlight fell quietly on the piano and the three people. Feeling this situation, Beethoven improvised the "Moonlight" sonata. , the name "Moonlight" made this sonata a well-known song.
The story of Yan Zhenqing learning calligraphy
Yan Zhenqing was one of the famous calligraphers in ancient my country. He initially wanted to learn calligraphy. Yan Zhenqing learned from Chu Suiliang and later became a disciple of Zhang Xu, a leading calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty who knew all kinds of calligraphy and was especially good at cursive script. Yan Zhenqing hoped to learn how to write quickly under the guidance of this famous teacher. However, after becoming a disciple, Zhang Xu did not reveal any secrets of calligraphy. He only introduced some famous calligraphy books to Yan Zhenqing and asked Yan Zhenqing to copy them. Climbing mountains, swimming, going to the market, watching plays, and letting Yan Zhenqing practice calligraphy after returning home, or watching him write quickly.
A few months passed in the blink of an eye, and Yan Zhenqing couldn't get the teacher's calligraphy secrets. Very anxious, he decided to make a request directly to the teacher.
One day, Yan Zhenqing took the courage to find Zhang Xu and said with a blushing face: "The student has something to ask for, please teach me the secret of calligraphy. ”
Zhang Xu replied: “To learn calligraphy, one needs to be ‘work-study’, that is, study hard and practice hard; the other is to ‘understand’, that is, to receive inspiration from all phenomena of nature. Haven't I told you this many times?"
After hearing this, Yan Zhenqing thought that the teacher was unwilling to teach the secret, so he took a step forward, bowed and begged: "The teacher said 'work', 'comprehension' , I know all these principles. What I need most now is the teacher’s secret recipe for writing and writing. Please give me your advice. ”
Zhang Xu continued to enlighten Yan Zhenqing: “I observed the meaning of the brushwork by seeing the princess and the carrier fighting for the way, and I learned the charm of writing by seeing Lady Gongsun dancing with the sword. Apart from practicing hard and observing nature, I didn’t do anything at all. Other tips. ”
He then told Yan Zhenqing the story of how Wang Xizhi, the sage of calligraphy in the Jin Dynasty, taught his son Wang Xianzhi to practice calligraphy. Finally, he said solemnly: “If there is any secret to learning calligraphy, it is to study hard and practice hard.” . Remember, those who don’t work hard will never achieve anything. ”
The teacher’s teachings greatly inspired Yan Zhenqing, and he truly understood the way to learn. From then on, he studied hard, studied hard, and learned the charm of brushwork from life, making rapid progress. , and eventually became a great calligrapher, the first of the four great calligraphers
Ancient jade - a symbol of the materialization of Confucian cultural spirit
About the history of ancient jade - Teacher Ma. Said: The earliest jade objects discovered so far are a pair of white jade pieces from the Xinglongwa culture 8,200 years ago. Therefore, the history of jade culture and art in China began in the Neolithic Age. During the "ritual first" Zhou Dynasty, jade became the The ornaments worn by nobles became one of the sacrificial objects. In the Han Dynasty, the unified feudal era, jade became a symbol of status at that time, and the appearance of white marble marked the peak period of the development of jade making, playing with jade, and wearing jade. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the art of jade inlay emerged due to the impact of gold and silverware. As the handicraft industry became more and more prosperous, jade carving became more and more exquisite.
Especially in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the carving of jade focused on the accuracy of the overall shape, and worked hard on the details. The large ones show the spirit, the small ones show the aura, and have the atmosphere of the times of being plump and strong, graceful and generous, romantic and bold. In the Song Dynasty, when harmony was emphasized, tea and wine competitions began to appear, followed by a wave of returning to ancient times. There were many imitations of jade during this period. In the Liao, Jin, and Yuan dynasties, when the first ethnic minorities ruled, jade mainly reflected the Western Dan culture, looking thick and sturdy, and jade reliefs began to become popular. In the Ming Dynasty, after official kilns began to pay attention to rubies, agate and other jewelry, the jade quality became uneven. Mainly Xinjiang Hotan jade, mostly sapphire, followed by white jade, and a small amount of other jade. In the Qing Dynasty, jade was mostly monopolized by high-ranking officials. Under the leadership of Qianlong, they "played" with jade to the top! During this period, there were very few miscellaneous jade, and the carving was the most exquisite.
In people’s eyes, jade is a symbol of nobility, perseverance and beauty. What’s particularly interesting is that in the past, many people liked to put a jade character on their names. For example, in "A Dream of Red Mansions", Cao Xueqin liked to make a fuss about the word "jade"! The two most important characters in his works, "Baoyu" and "Daiyu", have the word "yu". Just by reading the names, we can get a glimpse of the character of these two people.
As for the formation of jade, Teacher Ma said that it was formed by high temperature and low pressure due to crustal movement, volcanic eruptions or avalanches over millions of years. In the process of formation, it absorbed the essence of heaven, earth, sun and moon, so people regard jade as the master of all things. The so-called "jade nourishes the body, the body nourishes jade" means that jade contains trace elements needed by the human body. Wearing it for a long time can regulate yin and yang, dispel heat and drive away madness, soothe the mind and activate pulse, etc., thereby nourishing the body and soul! At the same time, jade absorbs the oil secreted by the human body during the process of being worn and played with, making it appear brighter, smoother and cleaner! It’s really the best of both worlds!
As the ancient saying goes, "A gentleman is more virtuous than jade." From this, I suddenly realized: Perhaps only by truly understanding jade can we reach the spiritual core of our country's Confucianism (gentleman's demeanor)! /P> /P>
Ancient ceramics - confirming the aesthetic realm of ancient Chinese crafts
When it comes to ceramics, Teacher Ma said: The emergence of Chinese pottery has been more than 11,700 years ago. history. Pottery mainly includes gray pottery, red pottery, painted pottery, "eggshell black pottery", white pottery from the Shang Dynasty, hard pottery from the Western Zhou Dynasty, as well as terracotta warriors and horses from the Qin Dynasty, glazed pottery from the Han Dynasty, and Tang Sancai from the Tang Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, the production of porcelain developed rapidly, and the pottery industry declined. The Song Dynasty was a period of unprecedented development of porcelain in my country. Porcelain kilns spread all over the north and south, and famous kilns emerged one after another. Five famous kilns appeared in the world: "Ru, Guan, Ge, Ding, and Jun". Among them, official kiln has become a hot topic among those who play with ancient porcelain, and "secret color porcelain" has the most characteristic of official kiln.
“Jingde is in the south and Pengcheng is in the north.” Jingdezhen’s porcelain has long been a household name, but how many people know about Pengcheng’s porcelain? At the salon, Teacher Ma mentioned such a poem - "Sad autumn at Yanzhao, simple pottery, wind and rain in Handan, Cizhou ancient kiln". He said that the "Cizhou ancient kiln" in this poem is in the Pengcheng area, it is Representative of folk kilns. Now, the Cizhou ancient kiln site is the largest, largest and most complete ancient kiln site in the world!
For ancient ceramics, we can get confirmation from its carving, scratching, engraving, pasting, sealing and thematic decoration as well as natural cracks, that is, it represents the aesthetic realm of ancient craftsmanship!
If jade is a symbol of the Confucian gentleman’s style, then ceramics are more like a delicate but fragile woman. They must be cared for carefully and not carelessly played with, otherwise they will break!