Lu people in the Spring and Autumn Period. Confucius was a great thinker and educator in ancient China, the founder of Confucianism and one of the most famous cultural celebrities in the world.
China's first chronological history book Spring and Autumn Annals was compiled. Confucius' thoughts on words and deeds are mainly contained in the prose collections "The Analects of Confucius" and "Historical Records of Confucius' Family" preserved in the pre-Qin and Qin and Han Dynasties.
2, "Peach Blossom Garden" Author: Tao Yuanming, Ziliang,No. Mr. Liu Wu, posthumous title Jingjie, later renamed Qian. Poet, writer, lyricist and essayist at the end of Eastern Jin Dynasty and the beginning of Southern Song Dynasty.
Musang people in Xunyang, Eastern Jin Dynasty. He worked as a small official for several years, then resigned and went home, and then lived in seclusion. Rural life is the theme of Tao Yuanming's poems, and his related works include Drinking, Returning to the Garden, The Story of Peach Blossom Garden, Biography of Mr. Wuliu, Returning to Xi Ci, Poetry of Peach Blossom Garden and so on.
3, "Humble Room Inscription" Author: Liu Yuxi Introduction: Liu Yuxi, word dream, Tang Dynasty writer and philosopher. A famous poet in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, he is known as the "great poet".
Advocating political innovation is one of the core figures of the Wang school's political innovation activities. Later, Yongzhen failed in innovation and was demoted to Sima Langzhou (now Changde, Hunan).
4, "Love Lotus" Author: Zhou Dunyi Introduction: Zhou Dunyi, Mao Shu,No. Lianxi, a famous philosopher in the Northern Song Dynasty, is recognized as the founder of Neo-Confucianism in academic circles. 5, "Three Gorges" Author: Li Daoyuan Introduction: Li Daoyuan, a native of Zhuoxian County, Fanyang County, Northern Wei Dynasty, is a famous geographer and writer in China.
He wrote a great geographical work "Notes on Water Classics". 6, "Tian Temple Night Tour" Author: Su Shi Introduction: Su Shi, the word Zi Zhan, and the word He Zhong, the number "Dongpo lay man", the world called "Su Dongpo".
Han nationality, Meizhou native, ancestral home Luancheng. A famous writer, painter, poet and gourmet in the Northern Song Dynasty, one of the eight great poets in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and a representative of the unrestrained poets.
His poetry, ci, fu and prose all have high achievements, and he is good at calligraphy and painting. He is a rare all-rounder in the history of literature and art in China, and he is also recognized as one of the most outstanding literary and artistic attainments in the history of China for thousands of years. His prose and Ouyang Xiu are called Ou Su; Poetry and Huang Tingjian are also called Su Huang; Ci and Xin Qiji are collectively called Su Xin; Calligraphy is listed as one of the four great calligraphers in the Northern Song Dynasty: Su, Huang, Mi and Cai. His paintings started the Huzhou School of Painting.
7, "Ma Shuo" Author: Introduction to Han Yu: Han Yu, word back, Han nationality. Self-proclaimed county king Changli, known as Han Changli in the world.
Su Shi, an advocate of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, called him "the decline of eight generations of literature" in the Song Dynasty. The Ming people called him the head of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and he was also called "Liu Han" with Liu Zongyuan. Known as "a great man of literate Sect" and "a hundred generations of literate Sect", he has written forty volumes of Han Changli's Collection, ten volumes of Waiji, Shi Shuo and so on. 8, "Preface to seeing Ma Sheng off to Dongyang" Author: Song Lian Profile: Song Lian, whose name is Jinglian, is Qianxi, alias Xuanzhenzi, Taoist, Dunlao.
Han nationality, Pujiang people, writers in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. It was once praised by Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, as "the head of the founding civil servants". 9, "Biography Pond Ji" Author: Liu Zongyuan Introduction: Liu Zongyuan, thick-worded, known as "Liu Hedong" in the world, also known as "Liu Liuzhou" because of the official history of Liuzhou.
Han nationality, ancestral home in Hedong. Writers, philosophers, essayists and thinkers in the Tang Dynasty, together with Han Yu, advocated the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty and called it "Liu Han".
Also known as "Liu Liu" with Liu Yuxi. Also known as "Wang Meng" with Wang Wei, Meng Haoran and Wei.
Together with Han Yu, Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong in the Tang Dynasty, they are called "eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". 10, "Yueyang Tower" Author: Fan Zhongyan Profile: Fan Zhongyan, the word Xi, formerly known as Zhu Shuo.
Posthumous title was a statesman, writer and strategist in the Northern Song Dynasty. Han nationality, ancestral home in Binzhou, Shaanxi.
In the eighth year (10 15), Zhenzong was a scholar in Dazhong, and later became an official (deputy prime minister). 1 1, "The Drunken Pavilion" Author: Ouyang Xiu Introduction: Ouyang Xiu, the word Yongshu, is also called Drunken Weng, also known as a layman.
Han nationality, a native of Yongfeng, Ji 'an, calls himself Luling. Posthumous title Wenzhong and Ouyang Wenzhong were outstanding writers and historians in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Together with Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Wang Anshi in Song Dynasty, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe and Ceng Gong, they are called "the eight masters of Tang and Song Dynasties". The creative achievements are also considerable, and poems, words and essays are the best at the moment.
Prose is eloquent, lyrical and euphemistic; Poetry style is similar to prose, emphasizing momentum, smooth and natural; His poems are deep and beautiful, inheriting the lingering wind of the Southern Tang Dynasty. 12, "Model" Author: Brief introduction of Zhuge Liang: Zhuge Liang, alias Wolong (also known as Wolong), Han nationality, prime minister of Langya, an outstanding politician, strategist, inventor and strategist in the Three Kingdoms period.
When he was alive, he was named Wuxiang Hou, and he was called Zhong Wuhou. Later, in order to admire Zhuge Liang's military talents, the Eastern Jin regime named him King Wuxing. The representative works include Front Model, Back Model and Book of Commandments.
Invented wooden ox and flowing horse, Kongming lantern and so on. Chengdu has Wuhou Temple.
In addition, Du Fu, a great poet, also has the classic Shu Xiang handed down from ancient times. 13 "Born in sorrow and died in happiness" Author: Introduction of Mencius: Mencius, named Ke, was born in Lu during the Warring States Period.
China was a famous thinker and educator in ancient times and a representative of Confucianism in the Warring States Period. He is the author of Mencius.
Inherited and carried forward Confucius' thoughts, and became a generation of Confucian masters second only to Confucius, known as "saints" and collectively known as "Confucius and Mencius" with Confucius. There is a work, Mencius, which is handed down to later generations.
14, "I want fish" Author: Introduction of Mencius: refer to the above. 15, The Debate between Cao Gui and Cao Gui is an article in Zuo Zhuan, which comes from Ten Years of Zuo Zhuan and Zhuang Gong, and the title is created by later generations.
The title of this article is also "Battle of the Long Spoon in Qilu" or "Battle of the Long Spoon", which is one of the famous examples in history. Zuo Zhuan is a literary and historical masterpiece in the Spring and Autumn Period. Biography is a chronological history book compiled by Zuo Qiuming according to the historical materials of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period, and it is a masterpiece of history and literature.
The chronicles began in Luyin (722 BC) and ended in Lu Daogong (453 BC), which recorded the political, economic, military, diplomatic and cultural conditions of the vassal states during this period (Spring and Autumn Period). 16, Zou Ji satirizes coachable, the king of Qi, and coachable, the king of Qi, which is selected from the famous national history book "The Warring States Policy and Qi Ce" and tells the story of Zou Ji, a counselor of Qi during the Warring States Period, persuading coachable, the king of Qi, to open his mind and improve his politics.
This article is a classic in the Warring States Policy. Warring States period
2. Which writer's works have the flavor of ancient Chinese? If you want to read classics.
During the New Culture Movement, all the masters wrote in ancient Chinese.
After the new culture movement
It's also interesting to write a half-finished article.
I recommend you to watch it.
But if you just want a little flavor of ancient Chinese.
You can go to see poetry appreciation and evaluation.
Some women writers are excellent.
If you want to read online novels like that,
I suggest you watch Search for the Gods and Smoke in the Fairy Road.
I feel a bit arty, but my writing skills are really good.
Go to Baidu and read some love novels about ancient romance.
The rhetoric is gorgeous, and I also despise it, but it's ok to look at it.
In a word, the articles written by the writers who were a little older in the previous generation or now are authentic.
Of course, there are also young writers who write well, but they don't like it very much.
3. Is translating ancient Chinese prose helpful for writing and becoming a writer? That depends on where you pay attention. If you just translate ancient Chinese into vernacular Chinese, it doesn't really make much sense for writing. After all, you wrote in the vernacular, with different grammar and meaning. If you like writing ancient prose, that's another matter. There are still people who write ancient prose, but not many. If you like it, you will.
If you want to understand the thoughts and feelings of the ancients, translating ancient Chinese can make your language more poetic, because ancient Chinese is basically translated into one word, which can be divided into literal translation and free translation, which can exercise your sense of language. In the process of translation, how to make the best translation is worth pondering. You will understand this in your study, so it is difficult to give specific examples for the time being ... just like an "er" in the same sentence. This is useful for writing, because the translated language is organized by yourself, and the ancient prose is equivalent to giving you a general meaning. After you figure it out, you can use your own words. This process will train your language organization ability, which is absolutely necessary for writing.
In short, instead of mechanical translation, it is better to think more about how to translate the best and most appropriate expression of the original sentence, which will be helpful to writing. In fact, it is helpful for writing, and naturally it is helpful for becoming a writer.
Just to be a writer, what you need most is correct thinking. Your writing is too superficial. Generally speaking, the natural level of writing is lower than that of writers. Writing generally requires you to express your views well, and writers have high requirements for ideological realm.
Translation of ancient Chinese is really helpful, but translation alone can't help you. You can also use other methods, because this method has an upper limit and you can't improve it to a certain extent. You can't say that you are already good at translation, and continue to improve yourself through translation. This is not right. Expand.
4. Need a summary of junior high school Chinese, including writers who often take exams, classical Chinese and composition. 1. Observe carefully and pursue the truth. What is observation? The so-called observation is to see with your eyes, "observe" from a distance, pay attention to everything, always pay attention to it, and form a habit.
Mo Bosang, a French writer who is known as the king of short stories in the world, studied under Flaubert, a famous writer at that time. One day, he told Flaubert the story of sitting in his room and preparing to write a novel. Flaubert said, "I advise you not to be busy writing these virtual things." You ride a bike outside every day and record everything you see on the road accurately and carefully. "
So Mo Bosang realized that Flaubert had taught him the basic skills of observing, knowing and practicing with his eyes. From then on, he spent a year or so, went out to observe every day, and finally wrote the novel Dim Sum, becoming a world-famous novelist.
Therefore, learning to observe is the first factor to improve the writing level. In my years of teaching, I often hear some students say, "I'm afraid of writing. I always have a headache when I pick up a pen, and I can't learn to write. "
Some simply said: "I don't know what to write, where to start." Although I have also handed in some compositions, if you look closely, you will find that there are too many, and even some content is added, which is empty and divorced from reality.
Why is it difficult to write a composition? Generally speaking, I lack observation and realism, so I can't write. How to change this phenomenon? In my opinion, we must learn to observe first.
When I was teaching the text "One Side" written by Alei, the third volume of junior middle school Chinese, I pointed out that Alei wrote his "thinness" five times when describing Lu Xun's appearance. Three of them write the appearance features clearly and carefully from far to near.
Why is the author's description of Lu Xun so vivid and typical? Mainly because the author is good at careful observation and has a unique feeling in his heart. Therefore, I attach great importance to observation and content when guiding students' writing training.
Therefore, every week, I take my students out of the classroom and write on the spot. Sometimes I observe campus plants, bamboos, trees and flowers on campus. Sometimes I travel in the wild on weekends, write in the wild and enjoy the beautiful natural scenery. After such training, it not only stimulated students' interest in writing, accumulated rich themes, wrote real content, but also cultivated moral sentiments, so that students enjoyed beauty.
Second, accumulate materials and apply what you have learned in teaching. I met many students who rarely read extracurricular books, especially books on Chinese extracurricular reading. Some even don't have an extracurricular reading except textbooks. They seldom read books and newspapers, and their writing knowledge is poor, and even their sentences are not fluent. When writing, they want to write sentence by sentence and feel that they have nothing to say and write. Or just started, perfunctory words, hastily ended.
The content is vague and unintelligible, so I am afraid to write. In order to change the fear of writing, so as to be eloquent and articulate, we should read more books and accumulate more writing materials at ordinary times.
As Du Fu said: "Reading is like breaking ten thousand volumes, and writing is like being a god." "If you read a hundred books, you will understand what you mean."
Read more books, make the past serve the present, write articles, and be confident and handy. However, experience tells us that reading more books is not enough. "Han Yu, one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, once said:" Learning means ploughing and reading, and learning means gaining ".
This means that reading is the forerunner of writing. Without the "cultivation" of reading, there will be no "harvest" of writing. Therefore, on the basis of emphasizing students' reading, they should be familiar with the books they read and think carefully.
Accumulate material, make it the "source of living water" of your own writing, and learn to use it, so that the content of the composition will be born from the pen, like a fountain, full of content. There are many model essays in the texts we have learned, which are real materials written by the author through careful observation of people or animals.
For example, the description of Lu Xun in "One Side", the flying posture of cranes, and the fighting scene of cranes and eagles in "The Flying of Cranes" can all become useful things as long as they are carefully read and accumulated. In addition, in addition to accumulating materials from books, we can also accumulate them from daily life, for example, the emergence of new things, various useful propaganda, natural phenomena, social news, international current affairs and so on. These are excellent materials. As long as you pay attention to people and things in this area, you will naturally have rich materials, so that when you write, you can write wonderfully, skillfully and freely.
Third, advocate imitation and cultivate interest. Imitation is a form of reference, but imitation is not a simple copy, but a creative reference. Imitation is characterized by strong pertinence and regularity, which not only reduces the difficulty of writing, but also receives obvious results.
For students with low writing level, we should actively advocate imitating and drawing lessons from model essays, gradually cultivate their interest in writing, make them step by step on the road of writing, and gradually improve their writing ability. Even the mechanical imitation at the beginning should be praised and affirmed to arouse their interest and desire in writing.
Many writers in history have imitated the writing style of the ancients and become a generation of demeanor. For example, Wang Bo's famous phrase "The sunset and the solitary heron Qi Fei, the autumn water and the sky are the same color" is detached from Yu Xin's "The fallen flower and the cheese cover Qi Fei, and the field willow and the spring flag are the same color". Another example is Zuo Qiuming's Zuo Zhuan and Sima Qian's Historical Records. Their writing style was imitated by later essayists, novelists and playwrights.
Many articles in the textbook are good model essays. After learning the text, students can imitate writing and apply what they have learned. For example, I taught Zheng Zhenduo's class "Cats" and asked students to imitate writing with another animal as the topic. Many students succeeded in imitating writing and turned text writing into their own ability.
Although imitation is the first step to improve writing ability, it should not be imitated blindly. Once the composition starts, you can imitate it. But after getting started, we must break away from imitation, take the road of innovation, pursue our own writing style and have our own characteristics. Fourth, talk more and write more. In our daily life, we will encounter many examples. Some students are very talkative and eloquent, but they rack their brains when writing a composition and can't write much. What is the reason? Because there are many opportunities to "speak" in daily life, it is as easy as blowing off dust, and there are few opportunities to "write".
How to improve the writing level by talking and not writing? Therefore, in writing training, I pay attention to guiding students to combine oral English with practice.