About the details of Wen Zhiming, we will introduce you from the following aspects:
First, Wen Zhiming's poems
Happy New Year, pregnant, Nian Nujiao, Mid-Autumn Festival to the moon, jade case, crossing the river, seven treasures of heaven and immortals, recalling the past, numerous pheasants to two clothes, inscription painting, spring river at the foot of the mountain, falling flowers for red, spring beauty celebration, Jade Palace thousand officials worship the crown, boarded Nagato West Hongqiao on a moonlit night, and with Zhong Zhongfu, wrote a picture of Baizhang Cangshan leaning against the cold dusk, sweeping away the ashes on New Year's Eve.
Second, the main achievements
Wen Zhiming's paintings are good at landscapes, orchids, figures and flowers, especially landscapes. In his early years, he studied under Shen Zhou, and then devoted himself to studying _, Wang Meng and Zhenwu, forming his own style. Painting styles are thick and thin. Rough brush originated in Shen Zhou and Zhenwu, and Zhao Meng's ancient wood and bamboo stone method was adopted. Pen and ink are vigorous and dripping, dry pen rubbings, calligraphy flies white, and hierarchy and charm can be seen in rough sketches; Both Zhao Meng and Wang Meng use meticulous brushwork. Dense scenery, less space and depth, regular shape, angular and deformed. The brushwork is delicate, slightly rough, and childlike in mastery. The colors are green and heavy, with a faint crimson between them, and elegance is seen in freshness. This meticulous landscape road is a true color painting, which has the characteristics of decoration, lyricism, childlike innocence and closeness to the people, and also lays the basic characteristics of the "five schools".
Li Yingzhen, a beginner in calligraphy, has learned from the masterpieces of the previous generation, and has his own accomplishments in seal cutting, official script, regular script, calligraphy and cursive script. Especially good at running script and small letters, warm and beautiful, rigorous statutes and vivid ideas. Although there is no vigorous momentum, it has the charm of Jin and Tang calligraphy and has its own certain style. Small letters are euphemistic and slow-paced, which complements his painting style and is known as "the first in Ming Dynasty".
Wen Zhiming is famous for being good at all kinds of calligraphy in history, especially at running script and small letters. Wang Shizhen commented in Yi Yan Yuan Yan: "Wen Zhiming, who is waiting for a letter, is famous for its small characters in the sea, and all his disciples are familiar with it. His unique seal is not inferior to others, but it has also become a useful product. The book "Thousand Characters" is four-body, and the script is exquisite. There are "Huang Ting" and "legacy education" brushwork, and the style is light and moist. It can be called the jade version of Shengjiao, and the official script is also wonderful. The seal script is Yang Bing-style, while the regular script has a small method, which is commendable. "
Wen Zhiming's calligraphy is warm and graceful, steady and mature, rigorous in statutes and vivid in conception. Although there is no vigorous momentum, it has the charm of calligraphy in Jin and Tang Dynasties. His book style is less angry, and in his freehand brushwork, he often reveals a gentle and elegant atmosphere. Perhaps the ups and downs of his official career have killed his spirit of death, but he is a late bloomer and his style is becoming more and more calm. Wen Zhiming is a leading figure in wu school after Shen Zhou, with many disciples, which formed the largest painting school in Wumen area at that time.
Painting achievement
Early Works In Wen Zhiming's early works, we can see his slim and accurate memory and strong organizational skills. Detailed description with ordinary lines is not only exquisite, but also the subtle gray parts are vivid once the fuzzy effect is used. Thick ink is generally only used for emphasis, and the color is much lighter. The result of this will be classified as the painting style in the late Song Dynasty according to the picture of a lonely boat in the wind and rain or the picture of a tree in a spring mountain in Mi Fei style. But at the same time, this picture can't even talk about the turquoise old saying used in "Spring Trees after Rain" or the snow scene skills in "Xishan Zita Law". Painters who were active in Suzhou at that time, especially disciples who had taught in Shen Zhou, were highly respected in the Yuan Dynasty. Imitation of Wang Meng's Landscape is the earliest of a series of works with the same theme created by Wen Zhiming based on his own life experience. In Lin Dong Xia Tu, we can see Ni Zan's style. The shadow of Zhenwu can also be seen in the slender sketch "Autumn Mountain Map"; The existing Tianping tourist map (1508) in Shanghai is yellow. However, the keenness and conciseness in the masterpiece "Listening to Springs", as well as the ancient style, are close to Zhao Meng's style. At this time, Wen Zhiming's landscape painting has two typical styles: "rough and scattered" and "fine and scattered". His rough brushwork landscape mainly adopts Shen Zhou and Zhenwu, expressing hierarchy and charm in rough brushwork; The meticulous landscape is taken from _ and Wang Meng, with neat brushwork and dark scenery. The colors are mostly blue-green or light crimson, which is elegant and quiet and has strong decorative significance. Wen Zhiming has a Wen Ya temperament, especially advocating elegant, delicate and subtle painting style, and his works are mainly meticulous landscapes. This is obviously different from Shen Zhou's bold and unconstrained painting style. There has always been a saying in the collection circle that "rough writing is implicit", and his rough landscapes are more popular with collectors because of their small number.
Wen Zhiming's later works combine turquoise method with shallow descent method. There are two kinds of green mountains and green waters in Wen Zhiming, one is thicker and the other is lighter. The former's works include Imitating Zhao Bo's Back Cliff, Towering in Late Spring and Towering in Early Spring. And the latter has many works, such as Preface to the Lanting Pavilion, Trees in the Spring Rain, Hutong in the West of the Lake, etc. Wen Zhiming inherited the coloring method of Zhao Meng in the aspect of green landscape. Compared with the courtyard painting in Song Dynasty, Zhao Meng's coloring method is no longer that flashy, and he himself criticized the colorful coloring method in Song Dynasty. Nevertheless, Zhao Meng still has a rich heritage of courtyard painting in the Song Dynasty, in some exquisite green landscapes. Wen Zhiming completely got rid of the gaudy painting style of courtyards in Song Dynasty in the color setting of green landscape. Judging from the works, Wen skillfully combines the green method with the shallow method, making the works both beautiful and elegant and full of pen and ink interest. Wen Zhiming is a scholar painter who attaches great importance to color effect. He made great contributions to the coloring of Chinese painting and created a new style of green landscape painting in Ming Dynasty. Judging from the existing works, there are many works with pen and ink as the main performance object, which reflects Wen's preference for pen and ink in Yuan Dynasty. In his paintings, he not only uses one-fourth brushwork and ink painting method, but also skillfully combines brushwork, composition and modeling of various schools. From the point of view of the painting creator, the study of Yuan people's pen and ink and formal beauty is quite profound, and his various pen and ink characteristics and modeling techniques have been perfectly inherited and transformed in his paintings.
Wen Zhiming's calligraphy achievement is a model of Bofei's specialization. Wen Zhiming has the highest attainments in lowercase letters. The main examples are Wang Xizhi's Huang Tingjing, Le Yi Lun, Zhong You Proclamation and Wang Xianzhi's Sonnets. And they can melt into the low-key brushwork of the Tang Dynasty and form their own "gentle and pure" style.
Wen Zhiming's running script can be roughly divided into two styles: one is a running script sketch created according to the meaning of Wang Xizhi's preface to the holy teachings; The first one is a large printed letter written in a yellow valley. Before he formed these two styles, he also went through the stage of learning. He not only searched Wang Xizhi's calligraphy posts as much as possible, but also studied Yan Zhenqing's competing for a seat, offering a memorial to his nephew, Liu Zhong's postscript, Yingzhou's post, Su Dongpo's Poem on the Former Red Cliff (which was supplemented by Su Ti) and Huang Gu's Poem on Jingfubo Temple. Sometimes, like Zhu Yunming, he writes his own poems in the style of Su, Huang and Mi. Of course, he did not stay at this stage, but entered the post-study, abandoned the ancient method, and finally found his own brushwork that suited his nature.
Wen Zhiming's cursive script not only learned from the two kings, but also learned from the weeds of Huai Su and Huanggu. The former kind of grass is the most common one, which is often incorporated into his running script. There are few works of Crazy Grass, only three works written by him at the age of 43, 50 and 5 1 respectively. At the age of 43, Ying You asked me to write "Lin Dong Xia Tu Poetry" (now in new york Art Museum), a poem by Huang Gu, a poem by Crazy Grass and a poem by Su Ti. There are seventeen lines of wild grass, which are composed of valleys and crazy elements. At the age of 50, after learning Zhuzhici, a weed in the valley, he wrote a cursive scroll for the brushwork (now in Wuxi Museum). At the age of 565,438+0, the book "Autumn Seven Rhymes" (now in Shanghai Museum) on August 6th has stripped the weeds in the valley, which is almost in line with Huai Su's providence. Compared with Zhu Zhishan who is good at Weeds, this painting is not inferior. After this volume, Li Deng wrote a postscript: Calligraphers imitate, although they can devote themselves wholeheartedly to it, the so-called step-by-step trend, but the grass sage can not imitate, how can we see it? Dangerous waves are used to escape. And with imitation, God is good first. Therefore, it can be realistic, and the so-called elegance is the latter.
Wen Zhiming's official script works are not many, but he is quite complacent. Mainly studied Zhong You and Liang Hu. He sometimes uses official script as a postscript, such as Postscript Fan Anshi Lake Poem Volume and Postscript Li Bai's Poem in Kanglizishan Book. It is also often used as a four-body thousand-character text (positive, grass, official, seal); Sometimes it starts with a big official document. His official script in big characters is quite different from that in small characters. In addition, he also collected Han Li's "The Rhyme of Han Li" (Zhu Yunming's school rhyme, collected by the National Library), which shows that he worked hard on official script and spared no effort to promote this style. Although Wen Zhiming's official script is not his best style, it is also a typical official script style of Ming Dynasty, which may be related to this. Compared with other characters, Wen Zhiming's seal script is a weakness. But in the Ming Dynasty, when writing seal script was quiet, his seal script was quite rare and precious. "One Yuan _ inkstone" has its own basic skills of seal script, because Wen Zhiming often writes thousands of words for daily classes.
Ceng Yun, Wen Jia, "A Brief Introduction to the ancients": "Fair birth to Yamuyuan Zhao Wenmin, everything has many teachers. The writer's public knowledge, poetry, words, essays, books and paintings, although the same as Zhao, is pure and pure. " It can be seen that he is not only unique in poetry, calligraphy and painting, but also good at calligraphy, which is superior to Wu, Wang, Li, Shen, Zhu and other predecessors. So he can join the Wu School of Calligraphy after Zhu Yunming.
Poetry made Wen Zhiming one of the "Ten Friends in Dongzhuang" and "Four Talents in Wuzhong" in the early stage, and "Elegant for decades" in the later stage. The literati poets in the Song Dynasty and the middle and late Tang Dynasty brought out the best in each other, such as the neatness of Lu's poems, the literati interest of Su's poems, the elegance of white poems and the profundity of Liu Shi. In addition, Wen Zhiming's personality and interest are also integrated into his poems, forming a poetic style of "appealing to both refined and popular tastes, and being elegant and graceful at the time".
First, in elegant poems, the elegance of literary poems naturally affects the structure and sentence arrangement in his poems to a certain extent, and it is also elegant. In literary poetry, its structure is rigorous and its sentence patterns are neat, which embodies the characteristics of ordering. Zheng Ming studies Lu You, and both of them like to use antithesis in their poems. In literature and poetry, antithetical sentences abound, and there are four commonly used antithetical sentences: numeral pairs, reduplicated word pairs, color pairs and names and places pairs.
Secondly, the poetic style of "Yi Yun" and "Yi Yun" in literary poetry are mainly reflected in the beauty of seclusion and elegance. Wen Zhiming has a strong seclusion complex, which is naturally revealed in his poems. His seclusion makes his poems show elegant expressive force. In addition, Wen Zhiming's elegance and seclusion make his poems break away from the secular world and have a feeling of out-of-touch. Some of his poems are elegant and free. Such as "Drunk Fairy Map".
To sum up, Wen Zhiming's poetic style is elegant and graceful, and Wuzhong's regional characteristics are distinct and elegant, which is in sharp contrast with Wuzhong's popular poems at that time. Influenced by the vulgar culture in Wuzhong, Wen Zhiming also wrote some poems with vulgar characters, but mainly elegant poems. Under the prosperous Tang Dynasty, according to the standards of the Seven Schools at that time, the style of literary poetry was not high, but the elegant and free spirit embodied in some of his poems made his poems get rid of the feminine style, but the proportion was not large; At the same time, literature and poetry can't be measured by the standards of the Seven-School School, but should be viewed from a dialectical perspective, which has its unique aesthetic value.
Wen Zhiming's home collection of books, calligraphy and painting is extremely rich, and it is difficult to distinguish between true and false. In the collection of ancient books, most of them are rare books, and there are 10 kinds in the Song Dynasty, including Zhouyi, Zitongzhijian, Shihongfang, Xu Chong Zhide, Du Gongbu Caotang Poetry, and Selected Books of Baishi, with nearly a thousand volumes. There are many books in the library. Today, we know that there are Yulan Hall, Xinyi Hall, Cuizhuzhai, Meihua Bookstore, Meixi Jingshe, Pan Yushan Residence, Yantiao Hall, Wuyan Room, Innocent Hall and Huigui Hall. There are also seals on the books, such as Zhuwu, Wuyanshi, Jiangzuo and Zhiyun. After his death, his sons Wen Peng and Wen Jia were able to preserve their books, paintings and calligraphy.
Third, the career is bumpy.
Wen Zhiming was born in an official family, and his early fame and career were not smooth. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, people who passed the examinations at all levels and entered Shangguan, Zhou and County schools were generally called "Su Nansheng" or "Scholar". Wen Zhiming took the exam at the age of a student, and passed it at the age of 53 in the first year of Jiajing (A.D. 1522), but failed to pass it, so he was a teenager. At the age of 54, he was recommended to the court in Beijing by Li Chongsi, the minister of the Ministry of Industry. After examination by the official department, he was awarded a low-paid post in imperial academy. At this time, his calligraphy and painting have gained a good reputation, and there are many requirements for his calligraphy and painting, which makes him jealous and excluded by his colleagues in imperial academy. Wen Zhiming was very unhappy. As he arrived in Beijing the following year, he wrote a letter asking to resign and go home. He made three resignation reports in three years before he was approved. At the age of 57, he left Beijing, set sail south and returned to Suzhou to settle down. From then on, he devoted himself to poetry and painting, no longer seeking official positions, and sent himself away by playing with ink. Famous in his later years, he is known as "writing all over the world". People who bought his calligraphy and painting called him "envious of the sea and mountains" as soon as they stepped on the threshold. Nearly 90 years old, he still worked tirelessly and wrote an epitaph for people. Before he finished writing, he "put down his pen and sat down and died."
Fourth, the life of the characters.
In his early years, Ming Xianzong Chenghua was six years old (1470165438+1October 28th), and Wen Zhiming was born into a military attache's family.
In the eighth year of Chenghua, Renchen (1472), whose father Lin Ju was a scholar, once served as the magistrate of Yongjia County, Wenzhou. Bring your family to your post. Qi's mother took the Wen Zhiming brothers to Lin Wen one after another.
In the 12th year of Shen Bing Chenghua (1476), Wen Zhiming was dull but honest when he was a child. On May 27th of the same year, Mother Qi died of illness. So he was raised in Li Zhong's grandmother's house.
In the 13th year of Chenghua, Ding You (1477), Wen Zhiming, 7, still can't speak, but his father Lin Wen thinks he will be a late bloomer.
In the sixteenth year of Chenghua (1480), he began to speak at the age of10, so he went to foreign studies.
In the eighteenth year of Renyin Chenghua (1482), his father Lin Wen began to know Boping County. Need a squire.
In the 21st year of Chenghua (1485), Lin Wen wanted to go to Beijing because of his performance appraisal, and wanted to be a squire. Soon, he was promoted to Taipu Temple Cheng in Nanjing, and asked for leave to return to his hometown. After returning to Wu, he became friends with Tang Yin and Du Mu. Learn poetry from Du Mu. Tang Yin often comes to Wen Zhiming's house to ask for advice from Lin Wen.
In the 23rd year of Chenghua, Ding Wei (1487) was in Anhui with his father, and he could gain something by studying and seriously understanding the virtues of the ancients. Later, his father served as Shao Qing of Taibu Temple, and Wen Zhiming served as an official, accompanying his father Lin Wen.
On the fifth application of the first year of Hongzhi (1488), Ming Xiaozong returned to his hometown from Anhui and became a scholar in the village. At the age of 20, the master criticized Wen Zhiming for his poor handwriting, and his evaluation was third-class. Therefore, Wen Zhiming began to devote himself to the study of calligraphy, and deliberately studied it. Make friends with Wu.
Wen Shu Jin Tong Hongzhi has existed for two years (1489). At that time, scholars were rigorous, restrained in grammar and sentence by sentence. Although Wen Zhiming practiced programming, he was very unwilling to learn. So I read Zuo Zhuan, Historical Records, The Book of the Second Han Dynasty and The Collection of Ancient and Modern Times in the interval. Like Zhu Ming, Du Mu and Tang Yin, they advocated ancient Chinese prose. Both Zhu Yunming and Yang Xunji are intergenerational. The first time I saw Shen Zhou, I saw Shen Zhou's painting "The Map of the Yangtze River" in Shuang 'e Jingshe. I admire and appreciate his painting skills, so I learn painting from Shen Zhou. At first, Zhou Gang didn't want Wen Zhiming to hinder his imperial examination because of painting, but in the end, he tried his best to teach him all the painting skills. And I like and value him very much.
In the fourth year of Hongzhi's Xinhai (149 1), he studied under Li Yingzhen, a young official of Taibu Temple in Nanjing. Young-jin Lee's calligraphy has a long history. He teaches calligraphy skills.
In the fifth year of Hongzhi (1492), his father Lin returned from illness. At this point, Young-jin Lee became an official and returned to the East. When you get home, build a cloud pavilion at the gap where you live. Marry Wu Yu, the third daughter of Kunshan. I have never changed my mind in my life.
In the seventh year of Hongzhi, Jiayin (1494) wrote an inscription for Wang Yin Goulezhu. Postscript Summer _ Painting the Map of Yunshan is an old saying called "Five Stars", and a poem is written on it. Tang Yin was free at that time. Obviously, although he and Tang Yin have completely different personalities, they are very close.
In the eighth year of Hongzhi (1495), he set out from Wu Kuan on the orders of his father. When Kuanding's stepmother was worried about her family, she learned that it was given by China's ancient calligraphy and was quite famous among officials and ministers. In autumn, I rushed to Nanjing for the first time to take the provincial exam, and I failed. Gu _, Chen Yi, Wang Wei, who know Jinling. Draw a picture of the golden coke falling. I once discussed painting with Tang Yin and thought that painting should be based on the Six Dynasties, and leisure and lightness were the most important colors. It is also said that the gully arrangement in Li Tang in the Southern Song Dynasty can be used as a teacher for beginners.
Ding Si (1497), who has been tried and tested for ten years in Hongzhi, goes hand in hand with, money and others. Zheng Ming is good at discussing and familiar with the past events of Yuan and Ming Dynasties, and he is also called "four gifted scholars in Wuzhong" with Zhu Yunming, Tang Yin and Xu Zhenqing.
In the spring of the eleventh year of Hongzhi (1498), his father Lin became the magistrate of Wenzhou. The second exam in autumn should be unfavorable, and Tang Yin should take the exam in Tianfu Province first. When Lin's father is in office, he will return the book to comfort him. There is a poem "Yong Wen Guo Xinyi" and a portrait of a country that believes in the country.
In the 12th year of Hongzhi (1499), Tang Yin was ousted and wrote a long article to Wen Zhiming to express his ambition. Because Du Mu publicly accused Tang Yin, Wen Zhiming began to alienate Du Mu. Wen Zhiming traveled to Fujian, Zhejiang, Hunan and Jiangxi. On June 7, Lin Wen died at the age of 55. Wen Zhiming took a doctor to examine his father's illness, but he arrived three days late.
In the seventeenth year of Hongzhi (1504), in July, Wen Zhiming fell out of the list and went along with Chen Chun. Yan's paintings in Tang Dynasty, books in Yuan Dynasty, and postscript. Friends have dug the ground, Song Gaozong and Yue Fei have carved stones, and Shen Zhou and Wen Zhiming have both written the poem "Man Jiang Hong". Shen Zhou painted gardenias to match the Ming Dynasty's painting of chrysanthemums.
In the second year of Zheng De, Ding Mao (1507), his younger brother Wen Kui was in trouble, and Wen Zhiming tried his best to reconcile and protect his younger brother. It took a month to settle this matter satisfactorily. On May 1 1, I visited Shen Zhou in Xiangcheng. Zhou ordered a hook to touch Fahrenheit's Long Live the Tang Dynasty. In autumn, I have to try four times and failed the exam.
Zheng De is four years old (1509). In the spring, he wrote an old poem "Children's Tone and High Fitness Picture" for Yan Bin in Jinling. Zhu was promoted to the magistrate of Yanping by the Nanjing household department, and wrote "Spring Clouds in Jianpu" as a farewell. Before fame and fortune, pen and ink made a living, and there was no lack of worry about the index finger, and there were poems to send Chen begging for food.
In the fifth year of Zheng De (15 10), on the 28th day of the first month, a post of Su Shi's father and son was collected by Zhu Chengjue. I should have tried five times, but I failed in the exam. At the invitation of Wu Ryukyu, I sent Liu Lin to defend Anxu.
In the eighth year of Zheng De's reign in Gui You (15 13), in June, Xiao Kai copied a poem entitled "Flower on the Iron Cliff" and presented it to disciple Wang Shou. I should have tried six times, but I failed in the exam. Drop in on Uncle Sen of Chu.
In the eleventh year of Zheng De, Bingzi (15 16) failed in the senior high school entrance examination. On the Double Ninth Festival, there are poems in Tang Yin North Park. Yin Shi Ceng Zhi crossed the Taohuawu in the north of the nursery, and the pavilion was named Mengmo, hence the name Six.
In the second year of Jiajing (1523), Wen Zhiming accepted the recommendation of Li Chongsi, the minister of the Ministry of Industry, and sent Gong Sheng to Beijing. After examination by the official department, he was appointed as a low-paid imperial edict to imperial academy.
In the fifth year of Jiajing, Xu Bing (1526) served as an official for three years. After he was admitted, he went to the official department, but he hesitated because of some concerns. I went for help again, but there was no reply. Probably since I was an official in the capital, I have never given up my thoughts. There are many poems that are nostalgic, such as "Wu Zhong An in Illness". Zhang Cong not only used courtesy to make you expensive, but also satirized and begged the Lord's words. Therefore, Yang Yiqing conspired with Qianmou to move to the Ming Dynasty. Zheng Ming is a sparse beggar in return, only one official times. 10 10 went to Beijing to block the ice in the Luhe River.
In the 17th year of Jiajing, the Reform Movement of 1898 (1538), Guo built a workshop in the west of Deqing Bridge. Zheng Ming resigned from the magistrate Wang Yi with a book, but failed. In March, the second volume of "Stop Yun Ting Tie" and "Golden Tie" were placed on the stone tablet. On May 17, Wang _ Xiang interviewed Zhu Hua in order to write a bamboo book.
On March 7th, the 23rd year of Jiajing (1544), 75-year-old Wen Zhiming and his friends visited Tozenji and Cheng Nan, where they saw peach blossoms in full bloom, and wrote "Small Scenery of Taoyuan Cave" and "The Story of Peach Blossoms". I went to Yixing with Zhu Lang, Zhou, Peng Nian, Zi Peng and Tai, and visited Yuyang Cave. This trip once wrote "Cang _ Tu" for Wu Yi in Yixing. July running script "Lanting Preface" fan.
In March of the 27th year of Jiajing (1548), I visited Yixing Mountain Spring Cave with Tang Zhen, Qian and his nephew Lu Zhiji. After Wu's visit, he watched Wu Lun's old collection Zhao Boju's "Spring Hill Tower Map". On April 10, The Thousand-character Text in small letters was published in Yuqing Mountain House. On June 8th, I sketched ten pictures for Huayun, and drew them with fine brushstrokes, but the immortal never dies.
On February 4th, the thirty-fifth year of Jiajing, Chen Bing (1556) wrote an epilogue for Mi Fei's Mao Tie. In that month, Volume 10 of Stop Yun Ting Tie was copied to the stone. I'm looking forward to March to recover from my illness. I wrote ten poems of the first generation. Chou Ying painted "Playing with Ancient Paintings" and wrote "Playing with Ancient Paintings". It was that month that the postscript of Lan Xin Post was confirmed as Tang's book.
He died in the thirty-seventh year of Jiajing (1558). In February, he looked forward to writing Shan Jutu and Fu on the Red Wall. Spring, long rain. The guest took Shen Zhou's Beautiful Hills to Yuqing Mountain Room, borrowed it for half a year, and copied it all at once. Occasionally, I went through ancient paper several times, making ink plays and recording old works. In April, I am looking forward to imitating Ni Zan's small. It is the month, and the rain window is titled "Yunshan Volume".
In the thirty-eighth year of Jiajing (1559), he wrote an epitaph for the mother of Shi Yuyanjie on February 20th, and died before finishing it. His disciples made personal sacrifices.