Time goes back to 1 1 days ago, when Chairman Mao went to Chen Yi's memorial service, he accidentally saw a couplet and realized that it was written by Zhang Boju. Because of this elegiac couplet, Chairman Mao asked Premier Zhou to arrange a job for Zhang Boju, which is why he got the letter of appointment from the Literature and History Research Institute.
What kind of elegy did Zhang Boju write? Why did he attract Chairman Mao's attention? How did he and Chen Yi meet? Next, let's look at the story of Zhang Boju.
Zhang Boju, a famous collector, calligrapher and poet in modern China, is as famous as Qi Jia and Yan Bi.
Chen Yi, a Chinese character, is one of the top ten marshals who made great contributions to the founding of New China.
These two people who have both culture and martial arts seem to have nothing in common, but they became attached to each other because of an exhibition of paintings and calligraphy. What the hell is going on here? Things can be traced back to the summer of 1957.
Although Chen Yi is an outstanding marshal, he is not a warrior who only knows how to fight. On the contrary, he is very interested in poetry and calligraphy. After work, Chen Yi often writes some poems by himself. Poems such as "Clouds in Mo Tao cover the sun at last, and spring buds are exhausted in severe winter" and "Crossing the Jianghuai River for 700 miles and enjoying a trip to Weishan Lake" were all written by Chen Yi.
Before the founding of New China, Chen Yi was busy commanding battles and had little chance to appreciate famous works. Therefore, after the founding of New China, he will attend all kinds of calligraphy and painting exhibitions whenever he has the chance.
1957, painting and calligraphy exhibition of Ming and Qing Dynasties opened in Beihai. When Chen Yi got the news, he thought about going to see it.
Most of the works in this exhibition are made by famous artists, so it is not easy to concentrate on the exhibition, and the layout of the whole exhibition is also very elegant, so Rola Chen is a little interested in the organizers of this exhibition.
Chen Yi got the news of the host from a friend and got to know Zhang Boju. I also learned from my friends that many of the works in this exhibition are actually kept by Zhang Boju, and this exhibition would not have been held without the generous donation from Zhang Boju.
After listening to friends' introductions, Chen Yi became more interested in this Zhang Boju, so he sent an invitation to Zhang Boju and invited him to meet him at home.
Zhang Boju knew Chen Yi's name for a long time. He wanted to come to Shanghai seven years ago, but it's a pity that Chen Yi was not at home. After that, I left Shanghai for various reasons and never had a chance to visit again. Unexpectedly, after seven years, he could still receive an invitation from Chen Yi. Zhang Boju was naturally very excited.
Zhang Boju was invited to Chen Yi's residence. Although they met for the first time, they were not embarrassed when they met for the first time. They talked from poetry to calligraphy, from calligraphy to famous paintings, and thousands of years of cultural history of China whizzed by in their talk.
The so-called confidant probably never needs time to cultivate tacit understanding. I knew at a glance that you knew me, and I knew you.
After talking about poetry and calligraphy, Chen Yi and Zhang Boju were not satisfied, so Chen Yi took out Weiqi and they chatted and played chess. Time flies.
After this meeting, both of them took each other as bosom friends, but because of their busy work and different places of residence, most of them still exchanged letters.
In 1958, Zhang Boju encountered a career problem. He knew that if he wrote to Chen Yi, it was possible to overcome this difficulty, but his self-esteem and personality did not allow him to ask Chen Yi for help because of these things. However, a bosom friend is a friend you can understand without telling me. Although Zhang Boju didn't speak, Chen Yi took the initiative to solve the problem for him.
Chen Yi found a good friend Yu Yifu in private. Yu Yifu is the Party Secretary of Jilin Province, so Chen Yi considers asking Yu Yifu to help Zhang Boju find a suitable job in Jilin. Yu Yifu heard of Zhang Boju's name and thanked his friends. Naturally, he agreed to Chen Yi's request in one bite.
After returning to Jilin, Yu Yifu talked with Song Zhenting, the propaganda minister of Jilin Province. Hearing Zhang Boju's name, Song Zhenting was also very excited: "This is a famous cultural figure. Don't worry, I will arrange it for him. "
In this way, with the help of Chen Yi, Yu Yifu and Song Zhenting, Zhang Boju came to work in Jilin Provincial Museum.
Zhang Boju and Chen Yi are well known for their paintings and calligraphy, so why do Yu Yifu and Song Zhenting admire Zhang Boju so much? This may start with Zhang Boju's experience in the first half of his life.
Zhang Boju was born in 1898. His biological father was, but he was adopted by his uncle Zhang at the age of six. Zhang was the last governor of Zhili in Qing Dynasty, but he soon stepped down.
Because Zhang was related to Yuan Shikai, Zhang joined Yuan Shikai after stepping down.
Zhang Boju could write a good poem when he was 9 years old, so he was called a "child prodigy". However, because his father followed Yuan Shikai, Zhang Boju received military training from an early age and became a soldier in 19 18.
Although he joined the army, Zhang Boju's mind is not here. He has been in the army for nearly ten years, but most of his positions are just honorary positions.
1927, Zhang Boju left the army and went to work in a bank. At that time, the bank also undertook a part of the cultural relics mortgage work, from which Zhang Boju came into contact with the cultural relics industry.
Zhang Boju was very interested in culture since he was a child. Although he joined the army halfway, his interest in traditional culture and cultural relics remains the same. Seeing too many dusty masterpieces in the bank, Zhang Boju couldn't stand it, so he came up with the idea of collecting his own cultural relics.
If you want to collect cultural relics, you have to have an eye for appreciating cultural relics, and the good place to exercise your eyes is the antique shop, so Zhang Boju began to frequent all kinds of antique shops.
By chance, Zhang Boju saw the original of Kang Xi's Yan Bi Study in an antique shop. He spent/kloc-0.000 yuan to take this original painting home, which became the first famous painting in his collection, and his "Cong Bi" came from it.
With the first collection, Zhang Boju began his half-life collection. Various masterpieces, such as Ping Fu Tie, Shangjie Tie, poems by Cai Xiang and You Chuntu, etc. It has been collected by Zhang Boju.
Zhang Boju collects these works not only for appreciation, but also to protect China cultural relics from foreigners.
At that time, China was in turmoil, and many foreigners took the opportunity to target China cultural relics. As a native of China, Zhang Boju didn't want cultural relics to go overseas, so he had to buy them at a high price.
In order to buy these precious cultural relics, Zhang Boju spent almost all his family savings and even sold a lot of houses and his wife's jewels. Some "black-hearted" businessmen were well aware of Zhang Boju's righteous act, and even raised the price when buying cultural relics in Zhang Boju, hoping to make a big profit, which led to Zhang Boju's predicament.
Zhang Boju also knew that someone was deliberately raising the price, but he couldn't stop it. People say, "If you don't want to buy it, I'll sell it to others", which makes Zhang Boju speechless. He didn't know that if he didn't buy these cultural relics, he would leave his hometown and wander overseas all his life. He can't stand this kind of thing, so he can only empty his house again and again to buy expensive cultural relics.
Zhang Boju's collections are all famous works, and he has made small achievements in the field of poetry, calligraphy and painting, so he is very famous in the cultural circle. In addition to dabbling in cultural relics and other fields, Zhang Boju also met Mei Lanfang and others, and jointly established the "National Drama Club", and performed "Lost in Space" in 1937, which was famous in Beijing.
Zhang Boju does have a rich family background. Any of his collections is worth 1000 yuan, but he refuses to sell a cultural relic even in the most difficult time.
After 1937, the war intensified, and Zhang Boju had to leave his hometown to escape the war. In order to protect his cultural relics, Zhang Boju suffered a lot along the way, but everything in his collection was intact.
The more difficult it is, the more you can see a person's character. They are also in the war years, and they are also facing the challenges of life. Some people choose to betray their country to betray their conscience, while others choose to raise prices in exchange for being rich. However, there will always be people who choose to go into battle to defend their country, and there will always be people who choose to leave some cultural roots for the country on their own. Zhang Boju can get the respect of Yu Dafu and others because they are the latter two kinds of people.
Zhang Boju's contribution to the protection of cultural relics deserves everyone's respect, but his legendary experience is more.
194 1 year, Zhang Boju was kidnapped and it took nearly eight months to be rescued.
This is just a sentence, but during the eight months of kidnapping, no one knows what happened in Zhang Boju.
The kidnapper left a letter to Zhang Boju's wife Pan Su: "Two hundred and twenty gold or a" reply "for Zhang Boju's life."
Ping Fu Tie is a cursive script created by Lu Ji, a great calligrapher in Jin Dynasty. Because of its long history and high artistic value, it is no exaggeration to call it the treasure of the town and country.
As Zhang Boju's wife, Pan Su knew that her husband would not agree to exchange letters for his life, so she had to work hard to raise money. But Zhang Boju spent all his money on collectibles, and he couldn't come up with 220 gold coins. Pan Su had no choice but to ask his friends in Zhang Boju for help.
Despite the help of friends, 220 gold is not a small sum after all. It took them several months to scrape together enough. The ransom was collected, and Zhang Boju was finally released by the kidnappers.
In fact, everyone knows that the kidnapper's first target is not gold, but Zhang Boju's reply and other cultural relics. Zhang Boju himself knew that as long as he handed over the cultural relics, he could live safely, but his conscience would not allow him to do so anyway.
1949, new China was founded, and the country and people got better every day under the leadership of the * * * production party. Zhang Boju finally saw the ultimate ownership of those cultural relics in his hands.
1956, Zhang Boju gave his eight national treasures to the state free of charge, including the reply card and Zhan Ziqian's You Chuntu, but he finally took away only a thin certificate of commendation.
1957, Zhang Boju met Chen Yi. 196 1 year, Zhang Boju went to work in Jilin Provincial Museum.
From 1962 to 1972, Zhang Boju had a difficult decade in his life. Chen Yi wanted to give Zhang Boju another hand, but at that time, he was preoccupied and sick, so he was unable to do so.
197 1 year 1 month, Rola Chen was diagnosed with intestinal cancer. 197265438+1October 6th, Chen Yi died.
After Chen Yi's death, Chen Yi's wife Jess Zhang told Zhang Boju the news. The 74-year-old man burst into tears when he heard the news.
Ten years of hard life didn't make him shed a tear, but the death of his confidant made him cry.
With full of grief, Zhang Boju wrote a couplet for Chen Yi:
Zhang Boju didn't know Chen Yi until 1957, but his understanding of Chen Yi was not worse than that of Chen Yi's comrades. An elegiac couplet tells the story of Chen Yi's magnificent life and Chen Yi's bloody tenderness.
At the memorial service in Chen Yi, Chairman Mao finished reading Zhang Boju's elegiac couplet word for word, feeling a lot in his heart, and the days when he once fought side by side with Chen Yi passed.
Chairman Mao wanted to see Zhang Boju, but at this time Zhang Boju was down and out in Beijing, with no job and no hukou. In the most difficult time, he can only sell his property to make a living. Such Zhang Boju naturally cannot attend Chen Yi's memorial service.
When Jess Zhang heard Chairman Mao ask about Zhang Boju, he talked about the story of Zhang Boju and his current situation. Jess Zhang didn't ask Chairman Mao for help, but Chairman Mao understood her unspoken request.
Chairman Mao turned and told Premier Zhou: "He has made contributions to the country and should be taken care of in his later years. Please help him find a suitable job. " Premier Zhou nodded in response to this matter.
Chen Yi has been thinking about Zhang Boju's later life. Now that Chairman Mao has spoken and Premier Zhou has agreed, Zhang Boju's wandering life is finally over. If Chen Yi knew about it, he would leave more easily.
1972 65438+1October 2 1 day, Zhang Boju received the letter of appointment from central research institute of culture and history. 1On February 26th, 982, Zhang Boju ended his life with dignity.
Zhang Boju used his life to interpret the character of literati, and he vividly interpreted the character and perseverance of China literati in the face of national disaster. Perhaps it is this character and perseverance that made him and Marshal Chen Yi who came out of the fire become bosom friends.
Chairman Mao is a soldier and a scholar, so he can understand Zhang Boju's character. At Chen Yi's memorial service, he told Premier Zhou to find a job for Zhang Boju, which was a respect for Zhang Boju and also a respect for China's literati character.