As early as the Qin and Han dynasties, this is the place where the royal family put their horses and raised deer; History is called' sand garden'. Ming and Qing dynasties, the same rule, prosperous commerce and trade, brilliant cultural life. Judging from the unearthed epitaphs, these tombs of Li nobles in Qing Dynasty can be traced back to the Qianlong period at the earliest and lasted for more than 300 years to the end of the Republic of China at the latest. There are as many as 400 decorative patterns of calligraphy and painting carved on each stone tomb and headstone component. There are various carving techniques, such as round carving, high relief, shallow relief, relief and intaglio, which form harmony and unity. It fully shows the sculptor's exquisite skills, and also shows the local social status and cultural accomplishment of the tomb owner Li. Stone carvings include landscapes, figures, animals, flowers and other patterns and text couplets. Each design has its own meaning, such as Song He's prolonging life, rushing to the deer (Lu) and destroying it, dragons and phoenixes, happiness on the plum trees, green bamboos, day lilies blooming, auspicious clouds and auspicious clouds, Four Treasures of the Study, four arts (piano, chess, calligraphy and painting) meeting, (longevity, Fu, Kangning, Kao Shou) holding longevity, lily harmony and so on.
From the shapes and stone carvings of the five tombs that have been unearthed, it can be seen that the first one is basically the same in structure, generally consisting of a tomb gate, a courtyard, a court hall, an ear room and a tomb room, and it is mostly a courtyard structure with one courtyard, one hall and three rooms. 1 Tomb owner's name is unknown. This tomb is carved with 4 1 piece of calligraphy and painting, and two of the stone pillars are engraved with couplets; Talking about Zhong Xiu when there are many prosperous children, my pro-longevity test is called strategy'. Three patterns were carved on the lintel of the stone pillar, and the left and right two were destroyed. In the middle, an old man was exercising, and an elderly couple sat opposite and watched, with servants, maids and children beside them. The side wall of the courtyard stone pillar is engraved with the pattern of' five bats (blessing) holding longevity'. On the south wall of the main hall, there is a stone carving banner in official script, which reads' Beauty lies in plum, ancient is in pine', and there are couplets on both sides, which read' Wen Huaxian's palm is exposed, and his character is jade pot and ice'. The sculpture on the north wall consists of four bamboo screen paintings. Fan paintings, frame paintings and treasure paintings are carved on the east and west walls. There are eight Tai Chi pictures carved on the stone wall of the tomb.
The owner of Tomb No.2 is Li Shude (1804- 1877) Ziting, and the emperor awarded Dr. Zhong Xian the title of Daoyuan, whose ancestral home is in Gong Sheng. He once taught Confucianism in Xingping County. Its courtyard couplet is' the height is a leisure place, and the old and the young often share the same pocket'. There are three squares carved on the forehead of the lintel, with orchids on the left, bamboo on the right and a treasure map in the middle. The south wall of the main hall is engraved with the word' loyalty' and the north wall with the word' filial piety'. The fonts are all regular script. One meter square. Strong, upright and generous. Teach people virtue. There are a pair of boys and girls engraved with circles in front of the tomb.
Li Tianpei (1830- 1875), the owner of Tomb No.3, was appointed as the candidate doctor of Hualing. I like to make friends with celebrities with good conduct all my life and often help poor neighbors. Its cemetery couplet is' Shoucheng is hidden in the green shade around cypress, pine and cypress, and the beautiful city is surrounded by green mountains and green waters'. The south wall screen is carved with pine cranes, and the north wall is double deer pens. Courtyard, courtyard are painted with flowers and birds, figures, pavilions. There is a couplet in front of the tomb saying, "Penglai studies can be handed down from generation to generation to build stone chambers, and famous immortals can recite Luo Tian". A screen is engraved on the back wall. The couplets in front of the south tomb are' spring soil gathers wealth for a hundred years, and boudoir leaves fragrance for a thousand years', while the couplets in front of the north tomb are' exquisite show in spring', and the couplets in front of the north tomb are' treasures, stars, splendid peaks, Yaochi fairyland comforts the soul'. Cross-batch' paint lights are shining'.
The name of the owner of Tomb 4 is unknown. The couplets of the tombs courtyard are' It's cold in front of the East Cottage, and the dream of Furong City is fragrant'. There is a screen on the south wall of the courtyard, and the north wall is destroyed. Courtyard and courtyard are carved with flowers and birds, figures, fruits, trees and scenery. There are only two tombs (usually three rooms), and the couplet in the south room is' Don't have a hole in the sky, live in seclusion, and sleep in the new land'. The North Room is' white jade is buried all over Yu Yu, and the courtyard is deeply separated from the world of mortals'. The back walls of the two tombs are carved with people's stories.
The owner of Tomb No.5 (1807- 1862) was hired as Qing, and the emperor conferred the title of Dr. Zhong Xian as a Taoist, rewarded Hualing, and suggested that the doctor make up for the summer vacation in Lusi Temple. He was then a senior official in Beijing, Hou Lu. Great-grandfather Li Bi, grandfather Li Chaoen and father Li Zhongqing were all nobles in the palace. Its courtyard, courtyard and south burial chamber were all destroyed, leaving only the middle and north burial chambers. The shallow relief on the back wall of the tomb is the sea wave, with cranes and terraces on the sea wave. The back wall of the North Tomb is carved with seawater, and there is a bottle in the seawater with three halberds in it.
There are many other tombs, one of which is engraved with "Wannian House" and the other with "Gujia City".
The above summary is only a small part of more than 400 paintings and calligraphy carvings. These calligraphy, painting and stone carving works are clear, standardized, dignified and intriguing; The painting has a wide range of contents and themes, and the painting method adopts traditional Chinese painting techniques. Some paintings are printed with words, and poems with pictures complement each other. Carvers of stone carving use carving techniques such as land reduction, digging, polishing, drilling, round carving, shallow relief, high relief and hollowing out, which is the epitome of stone carving skills. The excavation of the ancient tombs in Bayu Village is of great significance to the study of politics, culture, calligraphy, painting, bluestone carving, secular concepts, religious beliefs, foreign exchanges, trade and social changes before and after the Opium War.