Local _ China Net | Time: 20 10-08-05 Editor: Xi Ren
Tangshan ceramics production has a long history. In more than 20 Neolithic sites in Tangshan, represented by Xizhai in Qianxi County, a large number of pottery and its fragments were unearthed, and pottery-making materials and tools were found, which proved that as early as 6000 years ago, Tangshan ancestors began to make pottery with a large number of local materials. But as far as we know, Tangshan porcelain was made relatively late. According to folklore, in the second year of Yongle (1404), immigrants from Shanxi, Shandong and other places brought cylinder-making technology. The edition of Annals of Luanzhou 18 10 contains "Porcelain, which comes from Tangshan area and is yellow and black, belonging to urn, basin, plate and jar." 1936 edition of Luanxian annals has a detailed description of ceramic production: "the clumsy jars and porcelain pots made in Tangshan". It was mentioned for the first time that "fine porcelain was made in recent years". It can be seen that from the early years of Yongle to the late Qing Dynasty, Tangshan ceramics was only the production of coarse porcelain, and it was not until the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty that Tangshan produced white porcelain. The so-called white porcelain in this period is actually made of coarse porcelain, coated with cosmetic soil and glazed, with colorful patterns, but not white porcelain. Tangshan Porcelain reached a higher level in the early years of the Republic of China after the emergence of four key enterprises: Qixin, Xin Ming, Desheng and Dongtaocheng, which promoted the prosperity and quality leap of Tangshan ceramics industry. Based on the collection of folk porcelain from the Republic of China to the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the author tries to describe the elegance of Tangshan old porcelain.
During the Republic of China, Tangshan enjoyed the reputation of "Jingdezhen in the North". In addition to Qixin, Xin Ming, Desheng and Dongtao, there are about 80 large and small porcelain factories such as Deshunju, Trinity, Guangyuchang, Hutchison Porcelain Factory, Desheng City, Yufeng Porcelain Factory, Deshunlong, Qinghecheng, Tianxingcheng and Li Yong, which are innovative in inheritance. I have collected 150 pieces of Tangshan old porcelain, including 97 famous pieces and 60 unknown pieces. According to the physical quantity of the famous models, they are Qixin (48 pieces), Xin Ming (17 pieces), Desheng (16 pieces), Dongtaocheng (9 pieces), Deshunju (4 pieces), Yucheng, Sanyi and Minghua. This statistic roughly reflects the production and sales of Tangshan old porcelain factory, among which Qi Xin porcelain factory should be the leader. This factory not only has a large output, but also has high quality and rich varieties. Of course, Xin Ming, Desheng and Dongtaocheng are only slightly different. The porcelains produced by these four companies compete in Tangshan, a unique fertile soil, showing the trend of four men competing for hegemony and showing the elegance of Tangshan porcelain. The author's collection of Tangshan old porcelain includes: powder spray bottle, vase, general jar, wax gourd jar, strong jar, tea jar, flower bed, teapot with handle, small teapot with lid, pen container, narcissus pot, soap box, rouge box, Yin He, big plate, small plate, rice bowl, etc. It can be said that there are all kinds of daily necessities. As everyone in Tangshan knows, the early Tangshan porcelain is also called "Yanghui porcelain" for two reasons: (1) Qixin Yanghui Company produced porcelain earlier, with a large quantity, which of course had a great influence; (2) The early white porcelain in Tangshan was clumsy in shape, loose in fetal quality, gloomy in color, poor in porcelain quality and dull in tapping, so the folk nicknamed the early white porcelain in Tangshan as gray porcelain. The time when the quality of Tangshan old porcelain reached the highest level was after 15 years of the Republic of China (1926), and my collection explained this. The year engraved on the dowry porcelain produced by the above-mentioned major manufacturers tells us that the earliest year of Tangshan fine porcelain production was a pair of 150 underglaze colored dusters from Qixin Porcelain Factory, and the production time was 1926. The painting on the front of the duster bottle is a combination of figures, flowers and birds, and mountains and rivers. The color was light crimson, which was popular at that time. The picture is full, the color is elegant, the painting method is exquisite, and it has a strong artistic appeal. It should be the masterpiece of Tangshan old porcelain. The fetal porcelain of the bottle is very high, the carcass is thin and uniform, the tapping sound is pleasant, and the enamel is pure, white and smooth. It's really a top-grade masterpiece of porcelain in the Republic of China, and dare to stand shoulder to shoulder with Jiangxi porcelain at that time! On the back of the bottle is a four-sentence seven-character poem with elegant lines and superb skills. The inscription reads "Winter Moon in Ice Shade by Li Runzhi", and the bottom of the bottle is marked with a blue round seal "Qixin Porcelain Factory". Next is the little general jar inscribed by Ding Maonian (1927). This jar is 20 cm high and has an abdominal diameter of 2 1 cm. The tire is white, the porcelain is high, and the tapping sound is clear. The glaze is white and moist; This picture is a picture of a hundred birds flying to the phoenix. The painter is exquisite. Pure colors, such as purple, light green, green, pink, gray, black and yellow sauce. It is bright and solemn. On the back is a seven-character poem: "The emperors of all dynasties belonged to Zhou Wen, and they founded the country for 800 years. The people are rich and the country is strong, and the princes and ministers are as rich as the enemy. " From the content of the poem, we can see that the painter is promoting his ideal of a harmonious society of "caring for the people" with his own works; Signature: Ding Maodong, Yang Yue and Zuo Shi. I have two of these small general tanks, which are similar in height and bottom diameter, but slightly different in belly diameter and caliber size, and the roundness of caliber is not good enough. It can be judged from this that it is still handmade. The theme, painting method, color, poetry content and calligraphy skill of the two little generals' cans are exactly the same, so it is certain that the two cans were made by one person. However, it should be noted that the names of the two pots are slightly different: one is "Ding Mao's masterpiece in winter and the other is" Ding Mao's masterpiece in winter and the moon ". Coincidentally, the author also has two hats, which are also seven-character poems of "A Hundred Birds Show Phoenix" and "Benevolence", and both of them are "Scholar in Yuexia Period" and "Scholar in Yuexia Period"-from these four objects, it can be concluded that the scholar and scholar are one. The brand awareness of Qi Xin Porcelain Factory is very obvious. All the products of their factory, from 300 dusters to dishes, must be stamped with the seal of "Qixin Porcelain Factory" at the bottom of the utensils, and the styles and colors of the seals are also varied. Of the above four pieces,