Throughout the Beiyang period, although it was only a short period of 16 years, it was the most chaotic and complicated period in the Republic of China. It's just a nominal head of state, and the president changed to 15, so I will briefly introduce the president of this 15 Beiyang government.
Yuan Shikai (1912-1916)
The leader of Beiyang warlord forced the Qing emperor to abdicate after the Revolution of 1911, which was his greatest achievement. In fact, Yuan Shikai is very good at governing the country. He could have been a greater and more successful head of state, but in the end he was opposed by the people and subordinates all over the country because of his selfish desire to restore the monarchy, and then he died of depression.
Plum (1916—1917)
After Yuan Shikai's death, he succeeded the president, but his own strength was insufficient, so the actual power of the country was in the hands of the warlord Beiyang Anhui Prime Minister Duan. In the end, the contradiction between Li and Duan deepened, resulting in a "court battle." After Duan used Zhang Xun to drive Li away, Li stepped down for the first time. Li's greatest contribution was to participate in the Wuchang Uprising, which greatly inspired the morale of the revolutionary army, and he himself opposed the monarchy.
Feng (1917—1918)
After Li stepped down, Feng, the leader of the direct line, took the presidency, but the power was still in the hands of Duan, the prime minister. Duan refused to restore the interim constitution, thus the battle of protecting the law broke out, and the irreconcilable contradiction between Duan and Feng led to Feng's final stepping down. Feng can fight all his life, but he has no political mind and is only suitable to be a general on the battlefield.
Xu Shichang (19 18—1922)
After Feng stepped down, moderate Xu Shichang was elected president. Xu Shichang's principle of doing things is not to offend anyone, and even has great respect for Puyi, who has already abdicated. This is also where he was criticized. During Xu Shichang's tenure, many great events happened in China, including the May 4th Movement and the restoration of Mongolia. However, with the outbreak of the Zhifu War, Xu Shichang was finally ousted by the direct warlord Cao Kun and bid farewell to his political career.
Zhou Ziqi (1922 as Prime Minister of the State Council)
Zhou Ziqi only acted for the president 10 days, and then withdrew from politics because he was dissatisfied with the direct warlord.
Plum (1922 ——1923)
After Xu Shichang was forced to step down, Li was once again elected president by the direct warlord, and Li was reinstated. However, with the intensification of the internal power struggle of Beiyang government and the successful bribery of Cao Kun, the direct warlord, Li was ousted again.
Gao (1923, the post of president is held by the chief of the interior and acting prime minister of the country).
After the immediate warlord Li was deposed, he began to brew bribery elections. In the meantime, the post of principal is temporarily held by Gao, who is a subordinate of Cao Kun and listens to Cao Kun alone. After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he became a traitor.
Cao Kun (1923 ——1924)
After Li Yu 1923 was expelled, he bribed a member of parliament to become the president, which was called "bribing to elect the president". 1924, the second direct war broke out, and as a result, Cao Kun entrusted the non-human. Feng Yuxiang should have gone to the front to fight, but he defected at the front! In this way, Feng Yuxiang led troops to occupy Beijing, and Cao Kun was placed under house arrest by Feng Yuxiang without knowing it.
Huang Wei (1924, he was elected president as prime minister)
After Cao Kun was dismissed from public office, he acted as president temporarily, and Duan resigned after his comeback. He participated in the coup staged by Feng Yuxiang and helped plan the expulsion of Puyi from the Forbidden City.
Paragraph (1924 ——1926 is the temporary ruling of the Republic of China)
After the end of the second direct service war, Feng Yuxiang and Duan came back at the invitation, so Duan became the temporary ruling of the Republic of China, with the same power as the president. Later, Feng Yuxiang was dismissed from office, and he was old, and the past was gone …
Hu, Yan Huiqing, Du Xixuan, (1926—1927 all served as prime ministers as presidents).
At this time, the direct line collapsed, Feng Feng came to power, and the Southern National Revolutionary Army began to unify the Northern Expedition. In this case, Fengfeng and his immediate family reached a highly consistent goal-the idea of attacking the Southern National Revolutionary Army, so Fengfeng decided to cooperate, but at this time, the Beiyang warlord had entered the final outcome.
Zhang (1927—1928)
Feng is the head of this department. After the second direct service war, he entered Beijing as a grand marshal, exercised the presidential power on behalf of the Republic of China and became the supreme ruler of the country.
Zhang's life is very legendary. Being a head of state from scratch is an extraordinary thing. Later, with the momentum of the Northern Expedition of the National Revolutionary Army, Zhang had to give up Beiping and return to the Commissioner's Office, but he was bombed by the Japanese army on his way back. After the death of Zhang Zuo Lin, Zhang Xueliang inherited the mantle, but soon Zhang Xueliang electrified the whole country, changed his flag and promoted national reunification, but it also marked the official farewell of Beiyang warlords to the historical stage and the country.