During the Southern Tang Dynasty, the territory reached its peak in 35 states, spanning Jiangxi Province and parts of Anhui, Jiangsu, Fujian, Hubei and Hunan provinces. The population is about 5 million. Southern Tang III, with its developed economy and prosperous culture, made the Jianghuai region "richer than in previous years" in the Five Dynasties' troubled times and made great contributions to the economic development of southern China. Therefore, Southern Tang Dynasty became one of the important regimes in the history of China.
List of emperors:
Tan Poulnot. Posthumous title Name Mausoleum Ruling Time Year Number
Qin 937 -943, Yuan 937 -943.
Li Jing Shunling, Emperor Chongde Wenxuan Xiao, Ming Dow, Yuan Zong, 943 -960 Baoda 943 -957.
Zhongxing 958
Jiaotai 958
⑴⑵
Huaizong (private) Wen Xianzhao mourns the filial piety (posthumous title) Li Yu (none) 960 -975.
① In March of Wuwu (958), Yuan was changed.
After 958, Zhou Shizong led the army south, and Nantang was defeated. He was forced to cede fourteen states north of the Yangtze River to the Zhou Dynasty, and he became a vassal. He went to court as emperor and was renamed Jiangnan Lord. Last year, this number was used in the Zhou Dynasty. After the Song Dynasty in 960, Song Zhengshuo was used.
Brief history: At the end of the Tang Dynasty, there was chaos in the world, and vassal states were enfeoffed. Among them, Yangwu (Nanwu) is one of the more powerful buffer zones in Jiangnan. After Yang Long acceded to the throne, politics was chaotic and people's hearts were unstable. General Xu Wen gradually took over the power of Wu through power struggle. Xu Zhimo, a native of Haizhou, lived alone and was adopted by Xu Wen, who mastered Wu's political handle with the help of Xu Wen's influence. On the one hand, Xu Zhimo tried his best to be gentle with Yang Laochen, saying "to be in a high position and respect the elderly"; On the other hand, actively support their own forces. Vigorously attract and reward northern scholars. Famous northerners such as Han Xizai, Chang, Ma, Wang Yanzhu,,, and Jiang all gathered here. Followed by Jiangnan celebrities, such as Song, Cha, Feng, Bian Gao, You Jianyan and He Jingtu. , are patents put forward by Xu Zhimo at this time. After 20 years of painstaking efforts, Xu Zhimo not only greatly eased the hostility of Yang Jiuchen, but also brought together two major forces, the northerners and the Jiangnan people who supported him. The so-called "big wings, countless troops." Finally, in three years (AD 937), Xu Zhi deposed Wu Pu and ascended the throne, with the title of Daqi and Yuan. "Obedience from top to bottom, everyone means the same thing", "No change of surname". The following year, Xu Zhimo changed his name to Li Bian and changed his country name to Tang. As a result, in troubled times, Nantang, which took the inheritance of Tang Dynasty as its own responsibility and sought the unification of the world, stepped onto the stage of China history.
After the Southern Tang Dynasty gained the country, Li Bian, the fierce ancestor, took protecting the soil and the people as the basic national policy, stopped fighting and negotiated peace, established the country as a good neighbor, and maintained relatively peaceful relations with neighboring countries. At the same time, the Khitan was settled to contain the Central Plains regime. So the Jiangnan region maintained peace for a long time, and social production gradually recovered and developed rapidly. At the same time, the government is frivolous, persuading farmers and encouraging business. Merchants exchanged tea and silk with the Central Plains for sheep and horses, and then traded with Qidan by sea. In handicraft industry, Nantang has made outstanding achievements in textile industry, printing and dyeing industry, mining and metallurgy industry, tea making, paper making, salt drying, shipbuilding, gold and silver ceramics and stationery manufacturing. Not only the output is high, but also the technology is fine, and many famous products and top grades have emerged.
Li Bian's national policy of "stopping the soldiers and protecting the people" created a peaceful and stable social environment in the Jianghuai area and promoted the economic and cultural prosperity of the Southern Tang Dynasty. At the same time, Southern Tang Dynasty is also an art dynasty, which has made outstanding achievements in literature, art, calligraphy and music. Li Bian set up imperial academy, promoted imperial examinations, and widely built academies and painting academies. The stable and prosperous Southern Tang Dynasty has become an ideal place for literati and officialdom who have suffered from the vicissitudes of war. Scholars in the north of the Yangtze River live here, where "Confucian clothes and book clothes flourish in the southern Tang Dynasty" and "cultural relics have the wind of harmony". "The natives in the north are moved by the wind, and there is no day." The prosperity of social culture in Southern Tang Dynasty is unique among all separatist regimes in the history of Five Dynasties, Ten Countries and even China.
However, due to Li Bian's self-protection under the fierce separatist regime, the military strength of the Southern Tang Dynasty declined and the favorable opportunity for reunification was lost.
In the seventh year of Shengyuan (AD 943), Li Bian, the fierce ancestor, died, and his son Li Jing (first named Jing Tong) succeeded to the throne and changed his name to Li Jing (AD 9 16 ~ 96 1), with the titles Sambo, Zhongxing and Jiaotai. During this period, wars were frequent, and wuyue's military actions often echoed the Central Plains regime. In order to deal with wuyue, in the third year of Baoda (AD 945), Nantang took advantage of the civil strife in Fujian to send troops to occupy Jian 'an (now Jian 'ou, Fujian), Ting (now Changting, Fujian) and Zhang (now Fujian), destroy Fujian and capture the king alive. The five mountains are surrounded on three sides. Wuyue also took advantage of the situation to send troops to compete with the Southern Tang Dynasty for the land of Fujian, and won Baoda in Fuzhou (now Fujian) for nine years. Ma Xiyue and Ma Xi declared war on each other, and Nan Tang took the opportunity to destroy Chu in one fell swoop, and Ma Xichong surrendered. Later, Chu defeated the Nantang Army with him (later killed by his subordinates, Zhou Xingfeng and his son Zhou Baoquan ruled Hunan successively), and Chu gained and lost Hunan.
From the thirteenth year of Baoda (955 AD) to the first year of Jiaotai (958 AD), Nantang was invaded three times in the last three weeks, and Nantang was always in a disadvantageous situation of passive defense. Shouzhou World War I, Chai Rong uses personal expedition, Zhou Jun sweeping, then captured Si, Hao, Chu and other States, Tang Jun collapsed thousands of miles, the Huaihe River water army was wiped out. Excavate's biography of Chai Rong by invitation is located in Hongji, Prince. Please take the river as the boundary. The Southern Tang Dynasty dedicated all the land in Jiangbei, including fourteen states in Huainan and two counties in Ezhou in Jiangbei. At the same time, Nantang surrendered to the Zhou Dynasty last year. In order to avoid the sharp edge of the later Zhou Dynasty, Li Jing moved the capital to Hongzhou, calling it Nanchang (now Jiangxi) House. Since then, the national strength of Nantang has been greatly damaged, and it is no longer strong as a big country.
In the second year of Song Dynasty (AD 96 1), Li Jing died, and Li Yu (formerly Jia, 937 ~ 978) succeeded to the throne and returned to Jinling as the capital. At this time, the domestic political and social contradictions in the Southern Tang Dynasty were hard to return. Economically, since the defeat of Huainan, the Southern Tang Dynasty has paid a high tribute to the Central Plains every year. The Southern Tang Dynasty initially spanned Jiangnan and Jiangbei, and the economies of the North and the South complemented each other. For example, the south of the Yangtze River is short of salt, and the north of the Yangtze River produces salt. After losing Huainan, Nantang not only lost its important salt producing area, but also spent huge sums of money to buy salt from the Central Plains regime. Financial embarrassment forced the Southern Tang regime to increase taxes, which led to complaints. People under the jurisdiction of Southern Tang Dynasty have a deep memory of Li Houzhu's exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous fees. It was not until many years after the reunification of the Northern Song Dynasty that they still mentioned that even geese, twins and willows had to be taxed in the Southern Tang Dynasty. Politics became increasingly chaotic in the late Southern Tang Dynasty. As the new Lord ascended the throne, a new round of party struggle within the imperial court began. When Song Jun came from all directions, Nantang was still in such a cycle of political internal friction, and people were divided. Li Yu is good at writing, painting and calligraphy, and knows the rhythm, but obviously he is not familiar with politics. At this time, he entrusted the national politics to Zhang Yue, who was the assistant of the prince.
After the song dynasty destroyed the southern Han dynasty, the southern Tang dynasty was sandwiched between three sides. Li Yu surrendered openly and prepared for war in secret in order to protect himself. At the same time, he sent messengers to the Song Dynasty to be sealed by the policy, and stationed troops at various points in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River to prevent attacks. In September, the seventh year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 974), Li Yu refused to come to the DPRK as his resignation, and sent 65,438+10,000 troops to attack the Southern Tang Dynasty in three ways: East Road Wu, recruiting commanders for the southeast of Zhangzhou, led tens of thousands of soldiers from Hangzhou to the north to coordinate and sent Ding Deyu to supervise the army; Cao Bin in the middle road and Pan Mei, the governor, led a water army of 654.38+ 10,000, advancing eastward along the river from Jiangling (now Jiangling, Hubei); Wang Ming, the west road, was deployed to patrol Chijiang Road and Zhanba Road to contain the Nantang Army in Hukou and ensure the main force to advance eastward. Li Yu, the late ruler, relied too much on the natural barrier of the Yangtze River and missed the opportunity to use Song Jun to counterattack crossing the river. /kloc-in October, Song Jun successfully crossed the Yangtze River. Quarrying, Qinhuai River, Wankou three wars, Nantang repeatedly defeated, the elite troops in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River lost.
In March of the eighth year of Kaibao, Song Jun arrived at the gates of Jinling. In June, Wu Yuejun captured Runzhou, the gateway east of Jinling. Jinling, the capital of the Southern Tang Dynasty, fell into a tight encirclement, and the late Lord urgently called foreign troops to rescue Jinling. However, all this is too late. 10, 15 Wan Shuijun (Zhu Lingyun Department) rushed from Jiangxi to Jinling, which was almost completely annihilated in Hukou World War I, and Jinling's foreign aid was completely cut off and became an isolated city. Then the Lord insisted on defending the city to the end. Jinling, besieged on all sides, is short of food and grass and has low morale. 1 1 month 12, Cao Bin's army in the northern song dynasty began to attack the city from three sides, and 5000 soldiers in the southern Tang dynasty raided the northern village of Song Jun at night, but failed. 27, Li Yufeng Song Jun city table to surrender. Southern Tang Dynasty died.