1. Painting treasures famous both at home and abroad
China's painting art has a long history. Most of the paintings in ancient times were painted on walls or screens. During the Han and Tang Dynasties, portraits of heroes were painted on palaces to commend their contributions in founding the country. These palace paintings have long since disappeared today. However, the style of murals at that time can still be seen in the large number of portrait stones and portrait bricks from the Han Dynasty, as well as the tomb murals from the Han and Tang dynasties. They express the social life of the time in many aspects; not only depicting the hedonistic and corrupt life of the landlord class such as travel and banquets, but also the working people's production activities such as fishing and hunting, salt making, iron smelting, and mulberry picking, as well as pole lifting, jumping, etc. Maru and other wonderful acrobatic performances.
Historical stories, myths and legends, etc. are also the favorite themes of ancient painters. Gu Kaizhi, a famous painter in the Jin Dynasty, many of his works depict historical stories or literary works. For example, "Ode to the Goddess of Luo" is based on "Ode to the Goddess of Luo" written by Cao Zhi during the Three Kingdoms period, using rich artistic imagination to depict the meeting of the poet and the Goddess of Luo in Luoshui. His paintings are like spring silkworms spinning silk. At first glance, they seem simple, but upon careful consideration, they all conform to the rules of painting. He attaches great importance to the dynamic portrayal of characters' expressions. He said: "The realistic portrayal is in the Adu (eyes)".
"Luo Shen Fu Tu" The Tang and Song Dynasties were the most prosperous eras of Chinese painting. Wu Daozi, who lived in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, was revered as the "Sage of Painting" by later generations. He painted more than 300 murals and a large number of scroll paintings in his life. He was good at painting both figures and landscapes with flying brushstrokes. His painting style had a great influence on future generations. Li Gonglin was a versatile painter in the Song Dynasty. He was best at line drawing of figures and was also famous for his horse paintings. His works include "Uncoupled Picture", "Five Horse Picture", "Linweiyan Picture of Harvesting and Herding", etc. Among the surviving figure paintings, the most glorious masterpiece is "Along the River During the Qingming Festival" by Zhang Zeduan of the Northern Song Dynasty. This painting depicts the prosperous scene of Bianliang (Kaifeng), the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. The center of the picture is the Hongqiao outside the city. The bridge is bustling with traffic, and under the bridge, a huge canal boat is lowering its mast and preparing to cross the bridge. People were shouting and getting busy. There are also various shops, hotels, and government offices in the picture, and hundreds of people are bustling and busy. The author's meticulous observation of life, his high skill in arranging the picture structure and his serious creative attitude are all worth learning. "Uncle Boyi and Qi Caiwei" painted by Li Tang, a patriotic painter of the Southern Song Dynasty, reached a new level in character portrayal.
"Along the River During the Qingming Festival"
Landscape painting emerged after the Wei and Jin Dynasties. In the Tang Dynasty, Li Sixun and Li Zhaodao father and son created the "Golden Landscape". Due to the use of minerals such as azurite and azurite, Pigments are used, and outlines are outlined with lacquer to create a resplendent effect on the picture. The painter Wang Wei advocated ink landscape painting, which is full of poetic and picturesque meaning, and is known as "painting in poetry, poetry in painting". During the Five Dynasties and the Song Dynasty, a large number of outstanding landscape painters emerged, including Jing Hao, Guan Tong, Dong Yuan, Ju Ran, Fan Kuan, Guo Xi, etc. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the 18-year-old young painter Wang Ximeng created the long green landscape scroll "Thousands of Miles of Rivers and Mountains". This magnificent masterpiece, with meticulous and rigorous brushwork and magnificent colors, infinitely and affectionately praised the cruelty of the aristocrats who were suffering from the golden slave owners at that time. The ravaged motherland has great rivers and mountains. The paintings of Southern Song Dynasty painters Ma Yuan, Xia Gui and others depict the poetic scenery of Jiangnan. After the Yuan Dynasty, freehand landscapes in ink and wash became popular, and many painters had high literary accomplishments. They emphasized expressing their inner feelings and integrated poetry, calligraphy, and painting into their paintings. But later on, some people only imitated their predecessors, and their works became increasingly divorced from life. The painter Shi Tao of the Qing Dynasty proposed "searching all the strange peaks to make a draft", opposed to following the tradition and advocated creation, which injected new vitality into the development of landscape painting. Flower and bird painting is another important type of traditional Chinese painting. It expresses the liveliness and vitality of flowers, birds and animals in nature, giving people a beautiful enjoyment. Ancient flower-and-bird painters attached great importance to observing life. For example, Yi Yuanji, a painter from the Song Dynasty, often went to deep mountains and dense forests for long periods of time to observe the real ecology of birds and animals in nature, so the animals in his paintings are very lifelike. Painters of past dynasties have left behind a large number of flower-and-bird paintings. Whether they are meticulous meticulous paintings or splash-ink freehand paintings, they are full of life and can inspire people's associations with life. For example, old man Qi Baishi painted jumping frogs, floating fish and shrimps, and even various insects, birds and beasts. The vivid expressions and the unrestrained enthusiasm conveyed by the author through thick ink and heavy colors can not all inspire people to be vigorous and love life. Feelings! 2． A wonderful flower of art - Chinese calligraphy. my country's calligraphy has a long history.
With the development of society, in terms of calligraphy style, the trend is from complexity to simplicity, but the artistic techniques of calligraphy are ever-changing and diverse in style. After thousands of years of practice and creation, the rich treasures and excellent traditions of calligraphy art have been gathered. The calligraphy styles since ancient times can be roughly divided into oracle bone script, large seal script, small seal script, official script, regular script, running script and cursive script. These are words carved on animal bones. The structure, length, and size are slightly irregular, and the brushwork can be square or round, fat or thin. The money is sparse and sparse. It is extremely intricate, and its style may be majestic or vigorous, cheerful and full of ancient interest. A new system is formed from the origin of calligraphy.
After the Han and Wei dynasties, Chinese calligraphy truly became an art, and many famous calligraphers appeared. After years of hard study and practice, they have made many creations in the form of characters, expression methods, and the use of pen and ink. They are also able to combine the writing and ink with the calligrapher's own inner emotions, making this art reach a very high level. level.
"Lanting Preface" Wang Xizhi, known as the "Sage of Calligraphy" in the Jin Dynasty, learned calligraphy from the age of seven. Sometimes he practiced calligraphy with his fingers on clothes, and sometimes he practiced calligraphy with his pen hanging under the moon. After years of hard study and practice, his calligraphy art has reached a very high level. His calligraphy is as bright as spring clouds and as strong as curved iron. The graceful appearance is blended with the inner vigor. The famous "Lanting Preface" is his ink. Regrettably, it was originally lost for a long time, but the ones that are now circulated in the world are all copies. "Lanting Preface to the Plan" has 324 words, and there are 20 zigzag characters in the middle. However, these "zhi" characters are either structurally modified or written in different ways. The calligrapher Yan Zhenqing of the Tang Dynasty used skillful and clumsy techniques, which were simple and powerful; Liu Gongquan was graceful and graceful, sparse and bright; others such as Ouyang Xun, Yu Shinan, Suiliang and other calligraphers all created one thing in the world. The cursive calligraphy of Zhang Xu and Huai Su is as graceful as a giant dragon, graceful as a swimming dragon, with continuous flying movements and unrestrained and enthusiastic writing style. Later, in the Song Dynasty, there were Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Mi Shi, and Cai Xiang. Most of them were good at both sex and grass. They were either gentle and graceful, plump and handsome, or handsome and strong. They had various styles and had extremely high attainments. In the Yuan Dynasty, there was Zhao Meng, who was known as Zhao Ti because of his beautiful round shape. In the Ming Dynasty, there were Dong Qichang and others. From the Qing Dynasty to modern times, there are many people who have achieved great success.