It was the fifth day after Lihua arrived in Loulan in early spring. He ordered migrant workers to search almost every corner that Sven Hedin had dug. Apart from finding some wooden slips, some silk, Ma Xie and an earthenware lamp, nothing significant was found. In the morning, he bathed in the desert wind, watched the sunrise in the east, folded his hands and prayed silently: "May the Buddha and the gods in heaven bless! Help me complete the great cause of' taking Loulan' that Otani Dharma has high hopes for. " After the prayer, he once again walked into the "three rooms" on the west side of the stupa, which used to be the official residence of officials in the western regions with a long history. Looking at these three adobe houses, which are only 13 meters long, red willow branches protrude from the walls covered with grass mud like clips, and their skin color is as new. These willow branches, which have been blown by the wind and sand for thousands of years, seem to want to tell him some secrets. Did these three ordinary adobe houses cause the eye of typhoon in Sven Hedin in 190 1 year because of the unearthed 120 wooden slips and 36 paper documents? This is 1906. In order to challenge Harding, Stein dug up a large number of Chinese, Bolu wooden slips and paper documents to explore the archaeological arena of the world. Zuicho Tachibana entered these three earthen houses for the fifth time with undying loyalty to Emperor Meiji and Earl Otani and a desire to become famous overnight, and carefully searched every abnormality in the partition wall. Suddenly, his eyes lit up and he found an adobe wall with a gap of about ten centimeters from the ground, and the width was no more than two fingers. Zuicho Tachibana was heartbroken. He picked up a dry branch on the ground and put his hand into a deep gap. After intense tentative stirring, a crumpled paper ball and the extracted dry branches rolled out. He quickly picked up the paper ball, spread it out carefully, and then exclaimed loudly: "Long live the emperor! Thanks to the Buddha for blessing! " Explanation:
On May 7th, a long history of Haitou Western Regions, [inside Shanhaiguan Pass]
Hou Libo nodded his head. don't
Never mind, today I was sent to the west and the moon by Taiwan Province.
I arrived here (Haitou) on the 2nd, but there was no news of the king. I want to go to China.
Peace, the king sent a reply from the north.
I went with counselor Yan, I think so.
I will send a special envoy to learn from each other.
Knowing the news, the book didn't understand the meaning. Li Bo's first meal
first
On may 7, the long history of the western regions and Hou were in the pass.
Burton nodded his head. I didn't know how to ask for a long time.
With thoughts, I don't know how to read each other.
Read it and forget it. When the imperial edict was issued,
Comfort countries. Arrive on the second day of this month
Haitou, the unknown king asked, Yiyi! It's very hot,
I hope the kingdom is safe. Ambassador Wang
□□□□□□ All * * * hair, from Beiluhe
I don't know if I have arrived. today
Send a special envoy to deliver the message,
This book is not satisfactory. Liberton
A brief nod. The excavation of Li Bo's literature has aroused great repercussions in the world, but there is also a problem that cannot be solved so far. Where is the excavation site of Li Bo's literature?
1From March to April, 909, drunkard Lihua went south from Yanqi and Korla, crossed the intersection of Peacock River and Tarim River, entered the wasteland of Lop Nur in early March, excavated in Loulan area, and obtained Libo documents. At that time, Zuicho Tachibana was still a young man under 20 years old and had no archaeological training. Many cultural relics he acquired, including Li Bo's documents, were not recorded in detail at that time, and his diary was lost in the fire, so where Li Bo's documents were in the end became an unsolved case in history. 1April, 909 13, Ruichang Lihua left Lop Nur, handed over Li Bo's documents and other cultural relics to his colleague Nomura Rongsaburo and shipped them back to Japan, and went to London, England. I met Stein in Zuicho Tachibana, London, and showed him the photos of Libo Instruments. Both of them think that this set of documents should come from the ancient city of Loulanla. The Atlas of Archaeology of the Western Regions published in Japan 19 14 and The Story of the New Western Regions published in Japan 1937 are all explained by Nomura Rongsaburo's statement, that is, Li Bo's documents came from ruins along the Peacock River. In this regard, Zuicho Tachibana, who is in Japan, did not disagree. 19 14, when Wang Guowei compiled the quicksand bamboo slips, he also made textual research on the place names of Haitou in Li Bowen's book. He thinks that the land of Libo Instruments is in Haitou City, Loulan, so he points out that Loulan and Haitou are two different ancient cities. La city should be Haitou, not the ancient city of Loulan. 1959 in may, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the discovery of the Libo document, Japanese scholar Mori Sanghui met with Zuicho Tachibana and asked Stein about the source of the Libo document unearthed in Los Angeles. Zuicho Tachibana provided photos of the place where the documents were unearthed in his memory. According to the photos provided by Zuicho Tachibana, Mori Lusan compared them with the pictures of LK city discovered by Stein in the wasteland of Lop Nur in February 2004, and thought that they were consistent, so it was considered that Libo document was unearthed in LK ancient city. Mori Lusan's paper "The Land of Li Bo's Documents" was published in the 45th issue of Gulong Historical Monument, and in the article "Unearthed Documents in the Western Regions" published in the third volume of the Complete Works of Calligraphy and Taoism in the same year, he once again put forward his own views, accompanied by pictures of the land left by Zuimachi Lihua. Therefore, there has always been controversy about the land of Li Bo's literature and the location of Loulan City. Many scholars, such as Xiong Yi and Pianshan Zhang Xiong, have expressed their views. However, in 1968, drunkard Lihua clearly told Jin Mao that the Li Bo document was found near Loulanta. Where on earth was the Li Bo document found? At present, some scholars at home and abroad think it should be in the ancient city of LK, while Mr. Meng Fanren and Mr. Yu Taishan think it should come from the ancient city of Loulan, that is, the ancient city of La. At the same time, Mr. Meng Fanren also quoted Mr. Feng's point of view in the article "Collection of Shanshan Events", arguing that the ancient city of Loulanla is Haitou City. After the Han Dynasty, it has become a social fashion to write standardized and beautiful Chinese characters one by one. Calligraphy art is closely related to people's social life. Although Loulan is located in the border of the western regions, the Silk Road was officially opened after Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and a large number of Han people moved westward, which naturally spread China culture in this area, including the art of calligraphy in China. The bamboo slips of the Western Han Dynasty discovered by Huang Wenbi at the Tuyin site are material evidence. Li Bo's document is the earliest paper letter sample in China. Li Baiqi, who appeared in Li Bo Literature, is the only person with historical records in all the documents discovered by Loulan. Because Li Bo's literature has extremely precious academic value in history, culture and art, scholars at home and abroad attach great importance to this literature.
After the Han Dynasty, it has become a social fashion to write standardized and beautiful Chinese characters one by one. Calligraphy art is closely related to people's social life. Although Loulan is located in the border of the western regions, the Silk Road was officially opened after Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and a large number of Han people moved westward, which naturally spread China culture in this area, including the art of calligraphy in China. The bamboo slips of the Western Han Dynasty discovered by Huang Wenbi at the Tuyin site are material evidence. According to the literature, there are Fu Jiezi, Chen Tang, Ban Chao, Xu Gan, Ban Gu, Zhang Zhi, Zhang Chang, Zhao Xi and Suo Jing. During the Han and Jin Dynasties, they were active in Dunhuang and Loulan. Dunhuang and Loulan are closely related to both administrative subordination and transportation. Dunhuang has gathered a group of calligraphers and formed a unique calligraphy school. Dunhuang calligraphy has influenced the development of calligraphy in the mainland, and it is inevitable. Loulan's calligraphy remains are all authentic works in ink calligraphy, and a number of accomplished calligraphers such as Li Bo, Zhang Ji, Ma Li and Zheng Song have emerged. Their calligraphy styles are varied, but overall they have distinct and unified regional characteristics. Loulan's calligraphy has formed an art school which is both related and different from Dunhuang calligraphy, Turpan calligraphy and Beiliang calligraphy in the same period of northwest China. It inherits the basic norms of China's calligraphy, but it is rarely rigid, full of frankness, arbitrariness and freehand brushwork, which embodies the unique regional and national characteristics of Loulan's calligraphy.
The study of Li Bo's musical instrument age is inseparable from the analysis of the musical instrument content. As mentioned earlier, after "Li Bai invited a traitor" and "was defeated by Zhen", the Great Sage was punished. Because of Zhang Jun's "good governance", Li Bo was spared the death penalty. Since then, Li's whereabouts have not been recorded. Even if he is still in the army, it is impossible to inherit the long history of the western regions. However, since the beginning of the document, it was published as "Li Bo's Long History of the Western Regions", and there is still no trace of losing his official position and title. The purpose of writing this letter by Li Bo is to "comfort the country", and the object of comfort is Longxi, Wang Yanqi. The reason for comfort is related to the desire to "rebel against Zhao". "Today's Taiwan envoy came to Haitou on the second day of the second lunar month", probably because Li Bo returned to Haitou after consulting Liangzhou to attack Zhao Zhen. According to Wang Guowei's textual research, the so-called "Northern Lu" in this paper is: "Northern Lu, a remnant of the Huns, has always lived in Yiwu since the later Han Dynasty. In the Jin Dynasty, this place was already under the control of Xianbei, called Beiluer, and also spoke Chinese. " Yan Qi's "Wang Shida Luo went from Beilu to Yan Counselor". Counselor Yan is not a historian of the Western Regions, but a historian of Liangzhou. Counselor Yan and his teacher either bypassed Liangzhou to Yanqi after breaking up with each other. Counselor Yan and Ambassador Yan Qi were either sent to Beilu on April 15 and returned to Loulan on May 2. Guess Yan's counselor and the envoy of Yan Qi's king are "going to Yan Qi". Therefore, Li Bo wrote to comfort the news. Judging from the words such as "anti-Zhao" in the residual draft, the letter to the king of Yan Qi is related to the attack. Forced by the situation, I was eager to get news of Beilu and Yanqi before attacking Zhao. Zhao was a captain of Wuji in the Western Jin Dynasty, and was stationed in Gaochang. After the death of the Western Jin Dynasty, the western regions surrendered to the Zhang regime with a long history and did not belong to the monarch. The Book of Jin says: "The captain of the first Wuji did not belong to the monarch, and the monarch took it, which was Gaochang County." Meng Fanren verified that this happened between the autumn of the second year of Xianhe (327) and the end of the year, and inferred that Li Bo's document should be written on May 7, 325.
The discovery of a large number of Loulan paper calligraphy and cursive works, such as Li Bo's documents, also questioned the so-called "Nantie Beibei" in the history of traditional calligraphy in China. A large number of paper inks in Wei and Jin Dynasties, represented by Li Bo's documents, unearthed in Loulan, proved the diversity of China's "iron blood" calligraphy with its classic "iron blood" paradigm, that is, the production of "iron blood" calligraphy is not limited to Jiangnan area, and the northwest area is undoubtedly one of the birthplaces of "iron blood". Before the appearance of Wang Xizhi, the representative of "Iron Blood", the calligraphy style of the so-called "Iron Blood" had already matured in Liangzhou and Loulan. One of the book saints worshipped by Wang Xizhi is Zhang Zhi, a Dunhuang native. Wang Xizhi lived in an era when a large number of Loulan paper documents such as Li Bo documents appeared. As mentioned above, there are different opinions about the time of the completion of Li Bo Literature. Based on various opinions, there is no doubt that the writing time is between 325 and 346. As for the year of Wang Xizhi's birth and death, because the Book of Jin was compiled in the Tang Dynasty, its Biography of Wang Xizhi only recorded "the year of death was fifty-nine", so there are several different opinions, but the time mentioned by each family is basically between 303 and 379. Then Li Bo and Wang Xizhi should be contemporaries, and Li Bai was born and died a little earlier than Wang Xizhi. From this, we can draw the following inferences: from the perspective of Li Bo's documents and the calligraphy of Loulan's documents in the cool period, the northern cursive script in the Eastern Jin Dynasty has developed greatly and is in an extremely mature stage. Judging from Wang Xizhi's works, his calligraphy, especially cursive script, can be found in Li Bo's documents and Loulan's documents, regardless of structure, brushwork, composition and even sentences. On the one hand, it is confirmed that in Wang Xizhi's time or earlier, more mature cursive scripts have generally appeared in the north and south of China, and many northern calligraphy styles and styles earlier than Wang Xizhi will certainly have an impact on Wang Xizhi's calligraphy to some extent. Therefore, the appearance of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy and his "paste learning" is not an accidental phenomenon. What's more, none of Wang Xizhi's original works have been handed down from generation to generation. The so-called calligraphy of Wang Xizhi seen today is mostly copied by later generations. We don't rule out the reliability of many copies, but some works are disguised or forged by later generations. What is the true face of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy? There are still different views in academic circles. Therefore, it can be further speculated that China's so-called "southern posts and northern monuments" are biased. At least from the current archaeological evidence, Dunhuang and Loulan are one of the cradles of iron science in China.