If you want to know about Zhuge Liang's military teacher, you must look for clues from the biographies of Shu Han and Jing Xiang.
The first thing to doubt is Si Mahui's Jingxiang Counselor Group. Although Si Mahui and others are called hermits, they are very utilitarian. To put it mildly, they call it the world. At that time, the best place for literati all over the world was to assist a democratic leader, because the democratic leader at that time was busy fighting and killing people, and he couldn't live without learning some art of war. Some advisers even learned some tricks (for example, Lu Su was Xu Shu and Mi Zhu). Therefore, it may be true that Si Mahui is good at the art of war, but fighting in the army is not drinking at home. The generals who really lead troops must be experienced, and in any case, Si Mahui won't teach Zhuge Liang. Judging from Zhuge Liang's early service to Liu Bei (from the mountain to Chibi), Zhuge Liang was not Liu Bei's military staff, but Liu Bei's chief of staff should be Xu Shu, and Zhuge Liang was in charge of logistics and government affairs, including diplomacy. This shows that Zhuge Liang's major is not military. So Si Mahui is not Zhuge Liang's instructor.
The second suspect may be Cai Mao, Kuai Yue and other Jingxiang families. This may be a little smaller. Although Zhuge Liang is a relative of Cai's family, this relative doesn't like anyone because he took the wrong team and went to the group of celebrities such as Huang. This is the betrayal of Liu Biao Group and even the Jingxiang Armed Landlord Group on which Liu Biao depends. Zhuge Liang is 27 years old and has no job. He lives by farming. How pathetic. Think about it, a well-educated, confident scholar who has no appreciation and can only stay at home. How depressing! What does he think of his relatives? He still wants to learn military from them at this time? Think of it as revenge. Later, Zhuge Liang encouraged Liu Bei to win Xiangyang, perhaps with a revenge mentality. So Cai Mao and others are not Zhuge Liang's military instructors.
After Chibi, Liu Bei Group ushered in a new era of rapid development. Zhuge Liang was made a corps commander in the military division for his diplomatic contribution to the alliance between Sun and Liu. Note that this is Zhuge Liang's first military post, and the rank of corps commander is not small, although he is mainly responsible for collecting taxes and grain. There is only one famous soldier in Lingling, Guiyang, Changsha under his jurisdiction, not Wei Yan, but Zhao Yun! Is Zhuge Liang's master Zhao Yun? Hehe, you guessed wrong. Although Zhao Yun's fighting is also very stable, Zhuge Liang's use of Zhao Yun from behind, including Zhao Yun's attitude towards Zhuge Liang, shows that Zhao Yun is not Zhuge Liang's faction, especially Liu Chan's handling of the problem after Zhao Yun's death, which shows that Zhuge Liang has no special feelings for Zhao Yun, so I don't think Zhao Yun is Zhuge Liang's instructor. Even there are contradictions between them!
Soon, Zhuge Liang's experience came, and Liu Bei counterattacked Meng Jia and sent troops to Chengdu. Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei and others also led the crowd into Sichuan, which can be said to have given Zhuge Liang the opportunity to lead the army for the first time (although it was only the chief of staff), and also gave him the opportunity to practice what he learned from Zhang Fei as early as Jingzhou. At this time, Zhang Fei, after the early failure of Liu Bei Group, finally reached the peak of his military career, and was no longer a general like Chu Xu and Dian Wei. His experience of military courage made Zhuge Liang understand what a real commander-in-chief is like. After witnessing the invincible encounter between Zhang Fei and Liu Bei, Zhuge Liang became a fan of Zhang Fei completely, and Zhang Fei's performance in the face of five heroes such as Zhang He also made Zhuge Liang pay more attention to Zhang Fei's experience. At this point, Zhuge Liang's early study is over!
Every time the Romance of the Three Kingdoms is mentioned, everyone will inevitably think of Zhuge Liang, the embodiment of wisdom. When Zhuge Liang is mentioned, people will think that someone is Zhuge Liang's master? Mr. water mirror. The author has a whim: Who is smarter, Zhuge Liang or Mr. Shuijing? Some people may think that Zhou Yu, who borrowed an arrow from Bole and a swift horse boat and set fire to Sanqi after Chibi, staged a story of Sima Yi's wits and bravery, which is probably a household name. As for Mr. Shuijing, he can calculate in advance which day Liu Bei will come to you. Once he appears, he will be in an embarrassing position where Liu Bei is ready to flee, and he will wake up Liu Bei who is "in a circle" in one sentence. What is lacking at this time is the counselor, who has not yet known the Oracle: Zhuge Liang has already concluded the end of Zhuge Liang before he left the cottage. Although he met the man, he was born at the wrong time. In this way, both of them are Guan Yu. How can things be unclear in a few days? Zhuge Liang refused to accept: "Guan Yu let Cao Cao go, and my eight diagrams array was broken. I should kill him because of my affection and reason." Shuijing smiled and said, "Why did you kill Cao Cao?" Zhuge Liang replied, "Naturally, it is to clear the way for the master." The water mirror disagreed: "Kill the unknown! This Cao Cao is the prime minister. If you kill him, where will you put Emperor Xiandi? Han Yu said in the teacher's notes: "? Disciples need not be inferior to teachers, and teachers need not be superior to disciples. "Maybe it's Zhuge Liang and his disciples.
Celebrity profile
Zhuge Liang (181-23410-8), a native of Yang Du, Xuzhou (now yinan county, Linyi City, Shandong Province), was an outstanding politician, strategist, essayist and calligrapher during the Three Kingdoms period. When he was alive, he was named Hou of Wuxiang. After his death, he pursued loyalty to the marquis of Wuxiang. Because of its military ability, the Eastern Jin regime was posthumously named King Wu Xing. Representative prose works include An Example and A Book of Commandments. He once invented the wooden ox, the flying horse, the Kongming lantern and so on, and transformed the crossbow, called Zhuge Lian crossbow, which can hit all targets with one crossbow.
In the twelfth year (234), Yu Jianxing died in Wuzhangyuan (now Qishan, Baoji). Liu Chan regarded him as a loyal minister, so later generations often referred to Zhuge Liang as a loyal minister and Zhuge Wuhou. Zhuge Liang did his best and died. He is a representative of loyal officials and wise men in China traditional culture.
The late emperor deeply felt that Han thieves were not at peace and were not partial, so he asked me to invite thieves. With the knowledge of the first emperor, we can measure the talents of ministers and know that ministers can cut thieves, so that the enemy can defeat the strong with the weak. If we don't kill the thief, Wang Ye will die. But sitting still, which one is it? That's why I became suspicious. On the day I was ordered, I was restless and unwilling to eat. Reflections on the northern expedition. It is advisable to enter the south first. Therefore, when crossing the river in May, nothing grows and you eat it every day. I had to feel sorry for myself, but I couldn't be partial to the capital of Shu, so I took the risk of following the wishes of my late emperor, which negotiators called a non-plan. Today, thieves hate the west and serve the east, and the art of war benefits from labor. This is also the time to move forward. I sincerely wish Chen Qi:
High above the sun and the moon, the adviser is deep, but the danger will hit, and the danger will be safe. Today, your majesty is not as good as Gaudi, and your adviser is not as good as Taiping, but you want to win in the long run and settle the world. The minister didn't solve one thing.
Liu You and Wang Lang, according to the counties, talked about the plan, moved the saints, and the ministers were suspicious. It is difficult for all people to fill their chests. They don't fight at this age, and they won't levy next year. Let Sun Ce sit on the ground and arise and merge into Jiangdong. The minister didn't solve the second problem.
Cao Cao's ingenuity is unique to others, and he uses soldiers like Sun and Wu. However, he was trapped in Nanyang, dangerous in Wuchao, dangerous in Qilian, and forced to Liyang. He was defeated in the mountains several times and almost died in Tongguan. Later, he falsely accused his ears for a while. Kuang Chen is weak, but he must be determined not to be in danger. The minister failed to solve three problems. Cao Cao couldn't conquer Changba five times, but he couldn't cross Chaohu Lake four times. He appointed Li Fu, and Li Fu figured it out. He appointed Xiahou, and Xiahou turned defeat into victory. Every time the late emperor called Cao Cao a capable person, he still lost. How can he win? The minister's four unsolved problems.
Since I arrived in Hanzhong, I have lost more than 70 people, including Zhao Yun, Yang Qun, Ma Yu, Yan Zhi, Li Ding, Baishou, Liu He, Deng Tong, Chang Qu and Tunjiang, and more than a thousand people. These are all four elites who have been rectified in decades, not from one country; If the number of years is a complex number, two-thirds of the losses will occur. How can we make enemies? The minister has five unresolved problems.
Today, the people are poor and tired, and they are in Fukashi; If things can't stop, then life and work will wait. Not as good as today's picture, I want to stay in a state with thieves. The minister has not solved six problems yet. It is difficult for a husband to make peace, and things are also. Yesterday, the first emperor was defeated in Chu. At this time, Cao Cao clapped his hands and said that the world was settled. Then the first emperor joined wuyue in the east, Bashu in the west, soldiers in the north, and Xiahou beheaded. This is a mistake, and the Korean incident will be a success. Then Wu Lian violated the alliance, Guan Yu was defeated, Zigui fell, and Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor. Everything is like this, and it is hard to see irreversibility. I will do my best until I die. As for failure and outspoken, the minister doesn't know.
Translation and annotation
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Considering that cao thief could not coexist, the emperor could not live in the same place, so he appointed a minister to crusade against Cao Wei. In the past, the emperor's knowledge knew that his lieutenants were weak in conquering the enemy and the enemy was strong. However, if we don't crusade against the enemy, Wang Ye will also perish; Do you want to do nothing, or take the initiative to conquer the enemy? So there is no hesitation in appointing liegeman. When I accepted the appointment, I couldn't sleep well and had no taste in food. If you want to go to the northern expedition, you should go to the south first. Therefore, crossing the green river in May and going deep into the barren land, you can only eat one meal for two days; It's not that I don't cherish myself, but that I saw that the business of the imperial court could not be preserved in Shu, so I risked my life to carry out the last wish of my late emperor, but people who argued said it was not the best policy.
The enemy is just struggling to cope with the rebellion in the border counties in the west, and the east is trying to cope with Sun Wu's attack. Sun Tzu's Art of War requires attacking when the enemy is tired. Now is the time to move forward quickly! Now I will state these things as follows: the wisdom of Emperor Gaozu can be compared with the sun and the moon. His advisers are knowledgeable and influential, but they still have to go through hardships, injuries and dangers before they can settle down. Now, your majesty is inferior to Emperor Gaozu, and his ministers are inferior to Sean and Chen Ping. On the contrary, he wants to win with a long-term stalemate strategy and settle the world safely. This is the first point I can't understand. Liu You and Wang Lang each occupy a county; When discussing security strategy, we often quote the words of ancient sages, and everyone is full of doubts and fears; Don't go to war this year, don't go to conquest next year, make Sun Ce safe and strong, and finally annex Jiangdong, which is the second point that liegeman can't understand. Cao Cao's ingenuity is far superior to others. He fought like Sun Wu and Wuqi, but he was embarrassed in Nanyang, dangerous in Wu Chao, trapped by the enemy in Qishan and Liyang, almost defeated in Beishan, almost died in Tongguan, and then he wanted to usurp the title for a period of time.
Besides, I can't understand the third point I can't understand. Cao Cao attacked Changba five times, but he couldn't attack it. The fourth crossing of Chaohu Lake failed, Lifu was appointed and Lifu rebelled. Xia was appointed, but Xia was defeated. The first emperor often praised Cao Cao's ability, but there were still some setbacks, not to mention the inferior talents of his lieutenant. How can he guarantee victory? This is the fourth point I can't understand. Since the liegeman entered Hanzhong, just one year later, he lost more than 70 generals such as Zhao Yun, Yang Qun, Ma Yu, Yan Zhi, Li Ding, Bai Shou, Liu He and Deng Tong, as well as general officers of the Music Department and the station troops. Foot soldiers/kloc-more than 0/000 people, such as, Wuxian, Ruo, Qingqiang, Wuqi, etc. These are elite forces accumulated from all over the world for decades, which cannot be owned by a state or county; If in a few years, two-thirds of the original troops will be lost, what will be used against the enemy? This is the fifth point I can't understand.
Now the people are poor and the soldiers are tired, but the war cannot stop; If the war can't stop, the human cost of waiting for the enemy to attack there is exactly the same as that of going out to fight the enemy. At this time, I don't want to attack the enemy, just want to take Yizhou as a long-term stalemate with the enemy. This is the sixth point that my lieutenants cannot understand. The hardest thing to judge is war. When the first emperor was defeated by Chu, Cao Cao clapped his hands and cheered, thinking that the world was settled. But then the first emperor made peace with Sun Wu in the east, made Bashu land in the west and sent troops to the Northern Expedition, and Xiahou Yuan lost his head. This is Cao Cao's estimation error. It seems that the great cause of reviving the Han Dynasty is almost successful. But Sun Wu broke the contract again, Guan Yu was defeated and killed, the first emperor was defeated in Zigui, and Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor. Everything is like this, it's hard to predict. I will try my best to rest until I die. As for the success or failure of the conquest of Wei Xinghan, whether it is smooth or difficult, it is unpredictable with the intelligence of the liegeman.
To annotate ...
1. Han: It means. Thief: Cao Wei. In ancient times, enemies were often called thieves. 2. partial security: refers to the dynasty in one place, thinking it is safe. 3. Which is correct? What is right? It shows choice and tends to affirm the latter. 4. Only: auxiliary words. 5. March into the south: Zhuge Liang went deep into the south and settled the four counties. 6. Combine with Japan: two days and one day. 7.c: There is a meaning of but here. Shudi: This refers to the territory of Shu Han. 8. Negotiator: refers to an official who disagrees with Zhuge Liang's determination to explore the North. 9. These two sentences refer to the rebellion in Nan 'an, Tianshui and Anding counties in the west of Cao Wei when Zhuge Liang first came out of Qishan (now east of Lixian County, Gansu Province) in the sixth year of Jianxing (now north of Tongcheng County, Anhui Province), which affected the situation in Guanzhong: in Jiashi near the border between Wei and Wu (now north of Tongcheng County, Anhui Province), general Lu Xun defeated Wei Sima Cao Xiu.
10. propulsion: rapid propulsion. 1 1. Gaudi: After Liu Bang's death, posthumous title became Emperor Gao. Parallel: parallel. 12. Profound: refers to extensive knowledge and unfathomable strategies. 13. trauma: trauma. In the Chu-Han War, Liu Bang was repeatedly defeated by the Chu army. In 203 BC, Xiang Yu was shot in the chest in Guangwu (now Xingyang County, Henan Province). In the early Han Dynasty, he went out many times to suppress rebellions in various places, and was shot and killed by soldiers of Ying Bu, the king of Huainan, in BC 195. In 200 BC, Deng Bai was besieged by Huns. Bei, a pseudonym, is the same as 14. Liang: He was a famous counselor of Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty, and was also called three outstanding heroes of early han dynasty with Xiao He and Han Xin. Ping: Chen Ping, a famous counselor of Emperor Gaozu. After arriving at the position of prime minister. 15. Long-term plan: long-term stalemate.
16. Sit: Pay attention to safety. 17. Unsolved: incomprehensible. Hu Sansheng thinks that solving should be interpreted as slacking off, and not solving means not slacking off. You can say both. 18 Liu you (y? U Tour): The word Zheng Li was appointed as the secretariat of Yangzhou at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Under the pressure of Yuan Shu, a great warlord in Huainan, he crossed the Yangtze River in the south, and was soon breached by Sun Ce, surrendering to Zhang Yu (now Nanchang, Jiangxi). Later, he was attacked and killed by powerful men. Reflection? There is a biography of Wu Shu. Wang Lang: The word Jing Xing was the prefect of Huiji (now Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province) in the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Sun Ce troops entered Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces and were defeated and surrendered. Later, he was recruited by Cao Cao and served in Cao Wei. 19. Sun Ce: Sun Quan's eldest brother Bofu. After the death of his father Sun Jian, he annexed Jiangnan by Yuan Shu's army, which laid the foundation for the establishment of Sun Wu's regime and was assassinated soon.
20. Jiangdong: refers to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. 2 1. Extremely unique: extremely beyond meaning. 22. Sun: refers to Sun Wu, who was born in the Spring and Autumn Period. He is a general of the State of Wu and is good at using troops. He wrote thirteen articles about the art of war. Wu: It refers to Wu Qi, a military strategist and a representative of the Legalist School during the Warring States Period. He served in Lu, Wei and Chu successively, and wrote Woods' Art of War. 23. Trapped in Nanyang: In the second year of Jian 'an (197), Cao Cao was defeated by Zhang Xiu in Wancheng (now Nanyang City, Henan Province, Nanyang County of Han Dynasty). 24. Wu Chaozhi's crisis: In the fifth year of Jian 'an (200), Cao Cao and Yuan Shao were at loggerheads in Guandu. Because of the lack of food, Yu Xun and others persuaded him not to retreat, and then burned Yuan Shao's grain and grass in Wu Chao, narrowly winning. 25. Qilian Danger: According to Hu Sansheng, Qilian here may refer to Qishan near Ye (southeast of Cixian County, Hebei Province). At that time (204), Cao Zhen was surrounded by Cao Cao, and Yuan Shang, the youngest son of Yuan Shao, defeated Qishan (in the south of Cao Zhen). Cao Cao also defeated and surrounded Yecheng, and was almost shot by the ambush of Yuan General Shen Pei.
26. force (b? Forced) in Liyang: In May of the seventh year of Jian 'an (2002), Yuan Shao died in battle, and Yuan Tan and Yuan Shang clung to Liyang (now east of Xun County, Henan Province), so Cao Cao could not fight Lien Chan. 27. Several defeats in Beishan: Things are unknown. It may mean that in the twenty-fourth year of Jian 'an (2 19), Cao Cao led his army out of the inclined valley and went to the northern mountain of Yangping (now the west of Mianxian County, Shaanxi Province) to compete with Liu Bei for Hanzhong, refusing to prepare for the crisis. Cao Jun was heartbroken and withdrew to Chang 'an. 28. Almost died in Tongguan: In the sixteenth year of Jian 'an (2 1 1), Cao Cao fought Ma Chao and Han Sui in Tongguan and met Ma Chaojun by the Yellow River. Cao Cao fled to the boat, and Ma Chao's cavalry chased him along the river. Almost, almost. 29. Falsification: This statement refers to Cao Shi's unification of North China and its usurpation of the country name. Zhuge Liang thought Shu Han was orthodox and accused Cao Wei of being hypocritical.
30. Chang Ba: Also known as Chang Yi. In the fourth year of Jian 'an (199), Liu Bei attacked Xuzhou, and Chang Ba rebelled against Cao in the East China Sea. Many counties and counties joined Liu Bei. 3 1. Sidu Chaohu Lake: Cao Wei takes Hefei as the military center and Chaohu Lake is in the south. Sun Wu fortified the Yangtze River estuary south of Chaohu Lake, and the two sides fought in this area many times. 32. Li Fu: In the fourth year of Jian 'an, Dong Cheng, who rode a motorcycle, contacted generals Wu, Wang Zifu and Liu Bei to plot against Cao Cao according to the secret edict of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty, and things were exposed. Dong Cheng, Wu, Wang Fu were killed. According to the cloud: Li Fu, Wang Gai Fu also. 33. Xiahou: Xia. Cao Cao sent Xia to guard Hanzhong. After Liu Bei obtained Yizhou, he sent troops to Hanzhong in the 24th year of Jian 'an, and Shu killed Xia in Dingjun Mountain in Yangpingguan (now southeast of Mianxian County, Shaanxi Province). 34. Hanzhong: County name, named after the upper reaches of Hanshui River (Mianshui), located in Nanzheng (now east of Hanzhong County, Shaanxi Province). 35. period (j? Send) year: the first anniversary. 36. Zhao Yun is a famous soldier in Shu, while Yang Qun and others have unknown deeds. Chang Qu and Tunjiang are generals in the trilogy. 37. General Tu, no front: the stormtroopers in the Shu army. Hey (c? Ng Cong) Lao and Qing Qiang: minority troops in the Shu army. Sanda and Wuqi: both are the names of cavalry. 38. Figure: Processing. 39. Husband: Speak. Ping: Evaluate and judge together.
40. Defeated by Chu: It refers to the 13th year of Jian 'an (208), when Cao Cao's army went south and Liu Bei was defeated in Dangyang Changban. Dangyang belongs to the ancient Chu land, so it is a cloud. 4 1. Clap your hands: clap your hands. 42. It's decided: it's decided, too. 43. This sentence means that Liu Bei sent Zhuge Liang to Jiangdong Lianhe, and Sun Liu's army defeated Cao Jun at Chibi. 44. This sentence refers to the 16th year of Jian 'an (2 1 1), when Liu Bei's troops entered Yizhou occupied by Liu Zhang, and later captured Chengdu and gained Bashu area. 45. beheaded: hand over your head. 46. Guan Yu: The word "Yun" is General Shu Han. Liu Bei entered Sichuan and guarded Jingzhou. In the twenty-four years of Jian 'an, he attacked Cao Wei, conquered Xiangyang, escaped from the Forbidden City and beheaded Pound, which had a great influence on the Central Plains. Sun Quan took the opportunity to sneak attack Jingzhou with Lv Meng's plan and captured Guan Yu and his son alive.
47. This sentence means that Liu Bei betrayed the alliance because of Sun Quan, attacked Jingzhou, killed Guan Yu, and personally led the troops to attack the State of Wu, and was defeated by Lu Xun, the general of the State of Wu in Zigui (now north of Yichang, Hubei). If you stumble, you will fall, which means failure. 48. Cao Pi: Zi Huan Zi, Cao Caozi. In 220 AD, Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty was abolished as Shanyanggong, in order to establish the State of Wei. 49. the opposite view: foresight, prediction. 50. do one's best: it means to do one's best for national affairs. Do your best. 5 1. Stiff: indicates success or difficulty. 52. See (dǔ gambling): In other words, it backfired.
works appreciation
The post-teacher model focuses on expressing military strategy and refuting the difficulties of those who disagree with the Northern Expedition.
This article is selected from Memoirs of Zhang Yan in the Three Kingdoms Period, which was written in the sixth year of Jian Xing in Shu Han (228 years), one year later than the previous work. At this time, Zhuge Liang's first northern expedition to the Central Plains failed to achieve the expected results. In order to remove obstacles from all sides, Zhuge Liang dedicated this "Later Example" to his late master Liu Chan on the occasion of his second northern expedition. Therefore, compared with the previous table, the latter table focuses on expressing military strategy and refuting the difficulties of those who oppose the Northern Expedition. After the failure of the first Northern Expedition, ministers had different opinions on the second Northern Expedition. Zhuge Liang pointed out that the Northern Expedition was not only to realize the last wish of the first emperor, but also related to the life and death of Shu Han, and could not be shaken by the negotiators' different views.
It is precisely because this watch involves the analysis of the military situation and the safety of Shu Han that its loyalty and heroism seem to exceed the previous watch. In the table, the phrase "do your best and die before you die" is exactly the loyalty oath revealed by the author at that time, which makes people respect. Because the emphasis is on refuting those who oppose the Northern Expedition, this article is good at discussion. As a discussion, there are inevitably three parts: argument, argument and argumentation, and this paper is centered around these three elements. The central argument of the article focuses on whether and how to carry out the second Northern Expedition. Therefore, the author demonstrates this central argument through three statements. First of all, it was a great event for the first emperor to send ministers when he was on the verge of collapse. This argument is the premise of the article, and it is authoritative to carry out the teachings of the first emperor to prove the necessity of the Northern Expedition. Besides, at that time, when the enemy was weak, Wang Ye would die if the thieves were not cut. But it is the right way to sit still and wait for death. It closely combines the argument with the situation faced by Shu Han at that time, avoids empty preaching and sees the true face of politicians.
Behind the Teacher's Desk revolves around three elements: argument, argument and argumentation.
In order to appease the people at home and support the Northern Expedition, Zhuge Liang reiterated many times that he would make a comeback. He is restless, can't eat well, and eats every day, which shows that the country is well prepared and has enough strength to revive the Han Dynasty and is still in its old capital. At this time, the Cao Wei regime hated the west and served the east. This is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to be attacked by both Scylla and Charybdis, which increases the chances of winning the Northern Expedition. The above is Zhuge Liang's judgment on whether the second Northern Expedition should be carried out. In order to win the support of courtiers, he must respond to the feasibility of this northern expedition. In view of the possible questions of the DPRK, six unresolved issues are cited to refute. First of all, Liu Bang, the emperor of Han Dynasty, was listed. Although he is a hero, he has made great efforts (Sima Yi? "Historical Records"), in the process of farming the world, it is still inevitable that risks will hit, and the crisis will be safe.
Then, Liu You and Wang Lang, one of the separatists at the end of the Han Dynasty, only talked about their words, encouraged the saints, and dared not fight back. As a result, they were annexed. This contradiction reveals the truth that war leads to life and death without war. From far to near, although Cao Cao was an extraordinary man and a peerless hero, he also went through numerous hardships to gain temporary stability. Even with Cao Cao's talent, how can he win without danger? Then compare the strength of the two countries: the veteran ministers who fought the world militarily are gradually dying, and the economic delay will inevitably lead to the situation that the people are in poverty and the labor costs are equal between the offensive and defensive. Sun Tzu's Art of War emphasizes that it is better to use dragons than to use soldiers quickly, which is an important basis for the urgent need of the Northern Expedition. When Qing Yucheng read this, he suddenly had a feeling: ups and downs, repeated debates, seemingly parallel, but the meaning of the text is from shallow to deep, which means that the six puzzles in the text come in strict logical order and are a series of levels.
These two sentences in "A Model" accurately sum up the spiritual quality of Zhuge Liang's life.
At the end of the writing, there was another wave. It is difficult for husbands to be equal, which means it is difficult to judge the outcome of one thing. The following is the author's reflection. In the 13th year of Jian 'an, Liu Bei was defeated by Cao Cao in Dangyang and went to Xiakou. At that time, Cao Cao celebrated his forehead and thought that the unification of the world was just around the corner. Later, Liu Bei joined forces with Wu Dong to fight Cao Jun in Chibi, and won a great victory. Then we can take Bashu from the west, dispatch troops from the north, destroy Xiahou Yuan and capture Hanzhong, making it possible to revive the Han Dynasty, which Cao Cao did not expect.
However, just as the national strength of Shu and Han was booming, Jingzhou was captured by Soochow treachery, which led to Guan Yu's defeat in Maicheng. In order to avenge Guan Yu, Liu Bei wanted to take the opportunity to annex Soochow in one fell swoop, but he was defeated in Zigui. Things change, as you can see here. From this, the author draws a conclusion: everything is like this, and it is hard to see its irreversibility. This passage is to prepare Shu for failure and national subjugation, and at the same time, it also has the confidence to unify the whole country. When success or failure is unpredictable, the author has to devote all his efforts to death.
This chapter was written at the end of the Han Dynasty, showing the author's character of prospering the country and establishing a career. This paper is good at expressing, demonstrating my own views through examples, and there is no suspicion of rigid preaching. After reading this article, Zhuge Liang's spirit of doing his best for the country and the king has been admired by future generations, and his sincere heart has been vividly expressed after his death.
Because this article was written after the failure of the first Northern Expedition, in order to improve morale and stabilize the situation in North Korea, the author is magnificent in his exposition and generous and heroic in his feelings. The unresolved problems of the six ministers pushed the spirit of the article to the peak layer by layer. At the same time, the truth is strict, which indirectly refutes Gouan's heart to pieces. Qi comes from reason, and reason makes the argument more sublime with the help of qi. Although there is no amazing pen, it is still very convincing and shocking.