Nalan Xingde (1655-1685), a Manchurian with the courtesy name Rongruo and Lengya Mountain native, was one of the most famous poets in the Qing Dynasty. His poem "Nalan Ci" enjoyed a high reputation in the Qing Dynasty and even the entire Chinese poetry circle, and also occupied a glorious place in the history of Chinese literature. He lived during the period of integration of Manchu and Han Dynasties, and the rise and fall of his aristocratic family was typically related to the state affairs of the dynasty. Although he serves the emperor, he longs for ordinary experiences. The special living environment and background, coupled with his personal extraordinary talent, give his poetry creation a unique personality and distinctive artistic style. The "Magnolia Order·Ancient Judgment" that has been passed down to this day - "If life is only as it was when we first met, why is the autumn wind sad to draw a fan? It is easy to change the heart of an old friend, but it is said that the heart of an old friend is easy to change." Full of artistic conception, it is one of his many representative works one. Nalan Xingde scenery
When Nalan Xingde was 22 years old, he took the Jinshi examination again and ranked seventh in the second class. Emperor Kangxi made an exception by granting him the official position of third-class bodyguard, and later he was promoted to second-class, and then to first-class. As the imperial guard beside the emperor, he participated in romantic and elegant poetry as a handsome and mighty military attache. He accompanied the emperor on hunting tours in the south and north, traveled far and wide, and was ordered to participate in important strategic reconnaissance. He sang poems with the emperor and translated and translated works. Because of his holy will, he was rewarded many times. He was an enviable young talent with both civil and military skills and was the emperor's most valued companion. Close ministers, dignitaries with a bright future.
But as a prodigy in poetry and art, deep down he was tired of the vulgar officialdom and the life of a servant, and had no interest in fame or fortune. Although "I am in a high gate and a wide mansion, I often think about the mountains and rivers, fish and birds." His poems and prose are all excellent, especially his lyrics, and he is world-famous. When he was 24 years old, he compiled and selected his poems into a collection called "Side Hat Collection" and wrote "Drinking Water Ci". Later, someone added and filled in the gaps in the two collections, totaling 349 poems, edited by one editor. , combined into "Nalan Ci". The handed down "Nalan Ci" enjoyed a high reputation in society at that time and was highly praised by literati and bachelors. It became an outstanding representative of the Ci community of that era. People at the time said, "Every family is competing to sing "Drinking Water Ci". How many people know about Nalan's thoughts?" This shows the great influence of his Ci. Biography
Nalan Xingde was born on the twelfth day of the twelfth lunar month in the eleventh year of Shunzhi (January 19, 1655 AD). Nalan had read poetry and books since he was a child, studied both literature and martial arts, and entered the Imperial Academy at the age of seventeen. , was appreciated by Xu Wenyuan, the wine sacrificer, and recommended to Xu Qianxue, the cabinet bachelor. At the age of eighteen, he took part in the Shuntian Prefecture Township Examination and passed the examination. At the age of nineteen, he passed the examination and became a tribute scholar. In the twelfth year of Kangxi's reign, he missed the imperial examination due to illness. In the 15th year of Kangxi's reign, he took the supplementary imperial examination and passed the second, seventh and seventh place in the examination, and was awarded the title of Jinshi. During this period, Nalan Xingde studied hard and worshiped Xu Qianxue as his teacher. Under the guidance of famous teachers, he presided over the compilation of a Confucian compilation - "Tongzhitang Jingjie" in two years, which was highly appreciated by the emperor and laid the foundation for future development. He also compiled his knowledge and insights from the classics and history into a four-volume "Lushui Pavilion Miscellaneous Knowledge", which includes history, geography, astronomy, calendar, Buddhism, music, literature, textual research and other knowledge, showing considerable Broad knowledge and hobbies.
Imperial Guard
Nalan Xingde was only twenty-two years old when he became a Jinshi. Kangxi loved his talent, and because Nalan was of prominent origin, his family was related to the royal family (Nalan Lan's mother was born in the Aixinjueluo royal family; Nalan's great-grandfather Jin Taiji was a Belle of the Yehe tribe, and his sister Meng Guge was Huang Taiji's biological mother), so he was left by Kangxi to serve as a third-class bodyguard, and was soon promoted to A first-class bodyguard who accompanied Kangxi on many tours. He also sent Solon as an envoy to inspect the situation of Tsarist Russia's invasion of the border areas.
Poems of Expression
As the eldest son of Nalan Mingzhu, an important minister of the dynasty, he was destined to be rich and prosperous, with flowers blooming. As the emperor's side, he participated in romantic and elegant poetry as a handsome and powerful military officer. He accompanied the emperor on hunting tours in the south and north, traveled far and wide, and was ordered to participate in important strategic reconnaissance. He sang poems with the emperor and translated and translated works. Because of his holy will, he was rewarded many times. He was an enviable young talent with both civil and military skills and was the emperor's most valued companion. Close ministers, dignitaries with a bright future.
However, as a prodigy in poetry and art, he was indifferent to fame and wealth, and deep down he hated the vulgar hypocrisy of officialdom. Thoughts of Birds.” Although Nalan knew how to ride, shoot, and study all his life, he was not able to express his enthusiasm in his position as a first-class bodyguard.
In the 13th year of Kangxi (1674), Nalan married Lu, the daughter of Lu Xingzu, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi.
In the 16th year of Kangxi's reign, Lu passed away in childbirth. Nalan's mourning voice broke through the air and became the highest peak in "Drinking Water Ci". Later generations could not surpass it, and even he himself could not surpass it.
When Nalan Xingde was 24 years old, he compiled and selected his poems into a collection called "Side Hat Collection" and also wrote "Drinking Water Ci". Later generations added and filled in the gaps in the two collections of poems, totaling 349 poems, and combined them into "Nalan Ci". The handed down "Nalan Ci" enjoyed a high reputation in society at that time and was highly praised by literati. People at the time said, "Every family is competing to sing "Drinking Water Ci". How many people know about Nalan's thoughts?" This shows the great influence of his Ci.
Nalan Xingde’s friends “were all handsome and different for a while, and they were called in the world those who were difficult to get along with.” Most of these people who did not want to conform to the secular world were commoner literati from the south of the Yangtze River, such as Gu Zhenguan, Yan Shengsun, Zhu Yizun, Chen Weisong, Jiang Chenying, etc. Nalan Xingde was extremely sincere to his friends. He was not only generous with money, but also respected their character and talent. Just like "Pingyuan Lord had three thousand diners", many celebrities and talented people who wanted to be promoted and made a fortune gathered around him at that time, making his residence in Lushui Pavilion (Today's Enbo Pavilion in Soong Ching Ling's former residence) is famous for the gathering of too many imperial literati of Kangxi.
A great book collector
Nalan Xingde loved books and collected them all his life. He studied classics under the tutelage of Gu Zhenguan, Chen Weisong and Xu Qianxue. He once spent 400,000 gold to compile various Confucian classics since the Song Dynasty, which were engraved into 1860 volumes of "Tongzhitang Jingjie" (later scholar He Zhuo compiled the "Tongzhitang Jingjie Catalog"). Compiled "Selected Poems of the Tang Dynasty". He is the author of "Tongzhitang Collection", "Drinking Ci", "Lushui Pavilion Miscellaneous Knowledge", "Collection of Yi Yi Collection", "Abridged and Supplementary Words of Daxue Yi", "Ci Yun Zheng Lue", "Chen's "Book of Rites" and other books. In his later years, he devoted himself to classics, history, calligraphy, and poetry. He asked his friends Qin Songling and Zhu Yizun to purchase scriptures and interpretations from various schools in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. They obtained more than 140 manuscripts, surrounded by tens of thousands of ancient books, and built library "Tongzhitang" and "Coral Pavilion" to recite songs, evaluate calligraphy and paintings, and appraise collections. Ancient books are a pleasure. The books in the collection are printed with the words "Coral Pavilion", "Embroidered Buddha Studio", "Yuanyang Pavilion" and other words.
Died young
Nalan Xingde fell ill in the late spring of the 24th year of Kangxi (1685). He got together with his friends, got drunk, chanted and sighed three times, and then fell ill. rise. Seven days later, he passed away on May 30, the twenty-fourth year of Kangxi (July 1, 1685 AD), at the age of only thirty (thirty-one years old). Nalan Xingde is buried on a platform in the north of Shangzhuang Village, Shangzhuang Township, Haidian District, and west of Zaojia Tun. Built in the third year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty, the total area is about 340 acres. The cemetery is divided into two parts, South Shoudi and North Shoudi. There are 9 treasure tops and two earth tombs. With Cao Xueqin
First of all, Nalan Xingde and Cao Xueqin's grandfather Cao Yin were both on duty in the palace, and they were both imperial guards. According to research, this kind of colleague relationship may be extraordinary. They are all very talented in literature. One is a Manchu who successfully joined the mainstream culture of the Central Plains through hard work and diligence. The other is the family tradition of ancestors, which brought mature Sinology into the banner. From two different angles, we achieve the beauty of co-operation and make efforts to integrate Manchu and Chinese cultures. The best evidence now is the poetry and prose exchange between Cao Yin, who was a weaver in Jiangning at that time, and Nalan Xingde, who was stationed at the Weaving Department during Kangxi's southern tour.
Nalan Youci "Manjianghong·The Neem Pavilion built by Cao Ziqing for his ancestors, the pavilion is in the Jinling Office"
In addition, Nalan Xingde also wrote "Cao Si's empty hands" "Tree Planting".
As both close ministers of the emperor, Nalan was the bridge between the emperor and the cultural figures. Cao Yin was sent to the south of the Yangtze River. While serving as an official, he monitored the activities of the literati in the south of the Yangtze River and served as the imperial court's secret envoy to win over talents. Their directions of action are different, but their purpose and destination are the same. They are all generals and assistants of the Qing Dynasty's cultural rule. This is the same role they play in ideology and the most similarities in cultural functions.
Furthermore, the Nalan family and the Cao family are both feudal bureaucratic families. Entering the pass from the dragon, he has made meritorious deeds, and has inherited official titles for several generations. He is a family with great fame and great food. The Nalan family were not only authentic orthodox Manchu aristocrats, but also had a complex relationship with the dynasty by blood. The ancestor of the Cao family was an officer in the Liaodong garrison of the Ming Dynasty. Later, he was transferred to the Qing Dynasty and changed his nationality. He was classified as a retainer of the emperor. Cao Yin's biological mother was Kangxi's wet nurse. Cao Yin served as the emperor's attendant (classmate) and Cao Xueqin's sister. She is also the fifth grandson of Prince Li and the princess of Pingjun Prince Narsu. The Cao family has inherited the weaving profession in Jiangning for sixty or seventy years. What should not be forgotten in particular is Nalan Xingde. Cao Yin and Emperor Kangxi were young monarchs and ministers who were close in age and "played together to grow up".
and Red Mansion
The vigorous research on "Redology" has been going on for more than a hundred years. Among them, many literary scholars and masters have participated in the research, and have achieved a lot of results and progress. Not only the great figures *** have commented on the study of "Dream of Red Mansions", but also the emperors, princes, princes and grandsons of the Qing Dynasty who went back hundreds of years were also involved in it. Anyone who studies "red science" will have some understanding of Mingzhu and Nalan Xingde. Qianlong can be regarded as the first red scholar. When Heshen presented "A Dream of Red Mansions", Qianlong read it and said: "This cover is for Mingzhu's family affairs." In one sentence, he connected "A Dream of Red Mansions" with the Nalan family. Not to mention whether this inference is really reasonable, the emperor made the first statement and suggested the possible connection between the two things based on his experience. Character
The poet's unfettered character, his natural and refined talents, coupled with his outstanding talent and the ease of taking fame easily, are closely related to the fact that he was born in a wealthy family, with bells ringing, food being eaten, palace confinement, golden steps and jade halls, and ordinary life. Bu Huanhai's future creates a kind of contradictory feelings and invisible psychological depression that are difficult for ordinary people to understand. In addition, the early death of his beloved wife, the difficulty in realizing his old dreams, and the gathering and separation of his literary friends made him unable to get rid of the confusion and pessimism deep in his heart. His boredom with his career, his contempt for wealth, and his disdain for officialdom made him careless about all the things outside his body that could be easily obtained, but he could not pursue long-lasting love and the natural state of harmony between heart and environment. But lingering and yearning. In the late spring of the 24th year of Kangxi's reign (1685), he fell ill and got together with his friends. He got drunk and chanted and sighed three times. Then he fell ill and passed away seven days later on May 30 (July 1). Pass away.
Although Nalan Xingde only lived for a short period of thirty-one years, he was one of the most famous poets in the Qing Dynasty. At that time, when the poetry world was undergoing a resurgence, he stood side by side with Chen Weisong, the representative of the Yangxian School, and Zhu Yizun, the leader of the Western Zhejiang School, and were known as the "Three Great Masters of Qing Ci". However, the difference is that Nalan Xingde was a Manchu nobleman who had recently entered the customs. It is amazing that he could master and use Han culture so profoundly.
There are 348 poems written by Nalan Xingde in existence (one theory is 342). The contents involve love and friendship, the frontier fortress in the south of the Yangtze River, chanting about things and history, and miscellaneous feelings. Although there are many poems about landscapes, water and lotus. As an author, he has a small number of poems and his vision is not very broad. However, because the poems are charming and emotional, and Nalan Xingde is a very neutral person, his poems are all excellent. Kuang Zhouyi praised him as "the first lyricist in the early days of the Republic of China" in "Huifeng Cihua". Evaluation Gu Zhenguan: Rong Ruo is extremely talented and leisurely outside the world, and the music he writes is so graceful and desolate that it makes the readers sad and happy without knowing where it belongs. It is like listening to the Buddhist chants at night, first sad and then happy.
Gu Zhenguan: Rong Ruo's poems are so sad and sad that it makes people unable to read them. When people talk about sadness, I feel sad.
Chen Weisong: The poem "Drinking Water" has a strong sense of sadness and is inherited by two masters of the Southern Tang Dynasty.
Zhou Zhiqi: Nalan Rongruo was the successor of Li Chongguang in the Southern Tang Dynasty. It is said that it is impossible for human beings to capture the sound of nature. If the long tunes are often discordant, the small tunes are high-pitched and far-reaching, and are extremely lingering and graceful. They can make the Tang Dynasty fall into despair and continue again. Its character is inferior to that of Shu Yuan and Fang Hui?
Kuang Zhouyi: Rong Ruo is a young man in peace, a young man in black clothes, and extremely talented. It is suitable to inherit the Yuan Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty. I really want to respect Si Tao and wash away the ridicule of carving and seal cutting. It's a pity that my life is not forever, my strength is not full, and I am unable to withstand the task of decline. The words he writes are pure and willful, spotless, willing to be harmonious, and free to be picked. How difficult is it to progress to calmness and muddiness.
Wang Guowei: Nalan Rongruo sees things with natural eyes and expresses emotions with natural tongue. He has not been infected with the Japanese culture since he first entered the Central Plains, so he can really do this. Since the Northern Song Dynasty, there is only one person!
Chen Tingzhuo: The wording of the drinking poem is simple
The Rongruo drinking poem was also promoted as a hand in the early years of the Republic of China, and seems to be more leisurely and elegant than the Dongbaitang poem (written by Tong Shinan). However, the artistic conception is not profound and the wording is superficial. The rest of the prizes include the first column of Linjiangxian (Hanliu) and the three poems of Tianxianzi (Autumn Night at Lushui Pavilion) and Jiuquanzi (one piece by Xie Quetumi), and the rest are equally distributed. Another Bodhisattva said: "The willows are like silk. It's the end of spring in my hometown." It's also sad and sincere, also leisurely and beautiful, quite like Fei Qing's words, but it's a pity that the whole article is not related. Too often quoted: "Dreams are not clear. Why bother to wake up from the dream." It is also quite sad and alarming, but the artistic conception has fallen to the second level. "Bai Yuzhai Ci Hua" Comparison with Cao Xueqin
Comparing the personal characters of Nalan Xingde and Cao Xueqin, there are many similarities and similarities, and both of them have extraordinary talents and differences. Extraordinary cultural foundation.
When Nalan Xingde edited "Tongzhitang Jingjie", he recorded all his readings, indexes, and experiences in the book. Later, it was compiled into "Lushui Pavilion Miscellaneous Knowledge", which covered history, geography, astronomy, calendar, and Buddhism. , music, literature, textual research, etc., one can see his erudition. The song "Wanghai Tower·Baozhu Cave" brings together the natural landscape, historical relics and the eternal vicissitudes of the place within the field of vision. It has a large amount of information, a wide span and rich connotations. The poem "Recalling Qin'e·Longtankou" accurately describes and artistically expresses the geographical and geological phenomena seen. It can be read and appreciated together with the relevant descriptions in the famous cultural geography book "The Scenery of the Imperial Capital". Cao Xueqin is also versatile and has written many books on epigraphy, stone arts, crafts, cooking, etc. He is also good at calligraphy, painting and poetry. These are all shown one by one in his encyclopedia of feudal society, "A Dream of Red Mansions". Nalan Xingde and Cao Xueqin were both elegant and refined people, but they were affectionate and righteous to their friends. Nalan Xingde made friends with famous scholars and scholars such as Zhu Yizun, Liang Peilan, Jiang Chenying, Gao Shiqi, and Gu Zhenguan, and devoted all his efforts to rescue Wu Zhaoqian who was trapped in despair. Although Nalan Xingde was rich and noble, he was not interested in officialdom or greedy for fame. He even wanted to get rid of worldly entanglements and live a leisurely life. Cao Xueqin had poetic friends such as Dunmin, Duncheng, Zhang Yiquan, etc., as well as mysterious close friends such as "Zhiyanzhai" and Hongxiao. He was willing to help the poor. It is said that despite the difficulties of "making a living by painting" and "making a rope bed and tile stove", he still "often helped the orphans and widows", adopted the blind old woman Bai Lao, and taught the blind man Yu Shudu by making kites. The art of making a living. Cao Xueqin once declined the recommendation of her friend Dun Min and refused to seek a job in the palace. Former Residence
Nalan Ruins
The exhibition hall is designed according to his "suburban garden". It consists of a main exhibition hall, a video hall and a painting hall, which expresses his life through a large number of historical relics. The epitaphs, court beads, seals, Kangxi copper coins, etc. unearthed from his cemetery are also on display in this hall. Nalan Xingde's Poetry If life is just like the first meeting, why is the autumn wind so sad and painted on the fan? It is easy to change people's hearts, but they say that people's hearts are easy to change. (One work: But the old heart is changeable) Lishan's words are over in the middle of the night, and the tears, rain, and bells will not complain in the end. (First work: Tears and Rain Ling/Ye Yulin) How lucky is the handsome man in brocade to wish for that day. ——Nalan Xingde of the Qing Dynasty, "Magnolia·Ancient Juejue Ci, Cambodian Friend"
Magnolia·Nalan Xingde, a Phenomenon of Ancient Juejue Ci, a Cambodian Friend If life is just like the first meeting, why is the autumn wind so sad?
It’s easy to change an old person’s heart, but it’s easy to change an old person’s heart. (One work: But the old heart is changeable)
Lishan said it was half past midnight, and the tears, rain, and bells ended without complaint. (First work: Tears and Rain Ling/Ye Yulin)
How lucky is the handsome man in brocade to make a wish for that day. Complaints, lamentations, and fate are separated by mountains and rivers. Walking towards the bank of Yuguan, it is late at night and thousands of tents are lit. The wind is blowing, the snow is blowing, my hometown dreams are shattered, and there is no such sound in my hometown. —— Nalan Xingde of the Qing Dynasty, "Sauvignon Blanc·One Journey to the Mountain"
Sauvignon Blanc·One Journey to the Mountain One journey to the mountain, one journey to the water, walking towards the bank of Yuguan, a thousand tents deep in the night lamp.
The wind is blowing, the snow is blowing, my hometown is shattered, my dreams are gone, and there is no such sound in my hometown. Ancient elementary school poems, graceful, wandering, describe the scenery and homesickness. Who misses the west wind and is alone in the cold, rustling yellow leaves close the window, meditating on the past and standing in the setting sun. Don't be frightened by the wine and fall into a deep sleep. Gambling on books will make the fragrance of tea disappear. At that time, I just thought it was ordinary. ——Qing Dynasty·Nalan Xingde's "Huanxisha·Who misses the west wind and is cool alone"
Huanxisha·Who misses the west wind and is cool alone? Who misses the west wind and is cool alone? The rustling yellow leaves close the window, meditating on the past and setting the sun.
Don’t be frightened by the wine and fall into a deep sleep. Gambling on books will make the fragrance of tea disappear. At that time, I just thought it was ordinary. Mourning, Memories, Love and Sadness View more poems and essays by Nalan Xingde >>