Because Chinese characters are composed of signifiers, notes and symbols, the angle of choosing signifiers varies from person to person, and the notes are different from the letters in Pinyin, so the phenomenon of multiple forms of one word can be found everywhere in the history of Chinese characters. Not equal to traditional Chinese characters.
Basic introduction of Chinese names: Variant nicknames: genre classification: complete variant, partial variant related words: concept, definition, basic data, causes, classification, classification methods, common types, judgment standards, processing standards, variant conversion, regulations, concept definition Variants are a group of words with the same pronunciation, the same meaning and different glyphs. Because Chinese characters are composed of signifiers, notes and symbols, the angle of choosing signifiers varies from person to person, and the notes are different from the letters in Pinyin, so the phenomenon of multiple forms of one word can be found everywhere in the history of Chinese characters. Basic information Chinese pinyin y ǐ z English translation variant. A narrow word that is synonymous with the prescribed orthographic characters but written in a different way. In the sentence "A is a variant of B", "A" is a variant in a narrow sense and "B" is a regular character. Generalized variant characters, Chinese characters with the same sound and meaning but different writing methods. In the sentence "A and B are variants of each other", "A" and "B" are both variants in a broad sense, no matter which one is affirmative. Sometimes the concept of variant forms also includes words that are often borrowed or even commonly used. Usually, the concept of variant form is a narrow variant form. For example, Kao is an old variant, Di is a variant of Di, and Feng is a variant of Feng. Variants can be classified as "complete variants". In any case, the pronunciation and meaning are the same. And "partial variation". You can only "connect" under certain circumstances. Variant characters, also known as "Biti", "Heti" and "Shuowen Jiezi", refer to Chinese characters with the same pronunciation and meaning but different writing methods. Variants can be divided into "complete variants" (with the same pronunciation and meaning in any case) and "partial variants" (only in some cases). Sometimes variant characters refer to variants beyond the standard corresponding to formal regular characters, so with the different recognition of regular characters in different Chinese regions, which words are variants of other words, or even the opposite. For example, "enough" is a variant of "enough" in Chinese mainland, but it is just the opposite in Taiwan Province Province. There are different ways to make words. Changed meaning, approached form and meaning. Change the phonetic symbols. Classification and classification method 1. In many words, pictophonetic words with different pictophonetic words only represent the category of meaning, so many pictophonetic words with similar meanings can be used in some words. For example: chant/,song/,cat/,slope/,pit/,Gunter/. 2. There are many homophones in different Chinese characters beside the sound, and the same pronunciation can be recognized by different sounds. For example: grain/,pity /z, embroidery/,glue/,trousers/,thread/. 3. Radical positions are different. The radicals of some compound words are not fixed. For example: take/,peak/,group/,enough/,omit/,draft/. 4. There are some variants with different word-making methods, and the glyphs are very different, which are made by different methods. For example: hanging /t, body/,tears /i, counting/. 5. The radicals are somewhat different, such as: mercury/,analogy/,rare/,sound/. 6. There is a difference between simplification and simplification. When some characters are simplified, the simplified characters are reserved for those with few strokes, and the traditional characters are used for those with many strokes. For example, the variants of "Dragon/Twist ⒀ W", "Head/"and "Pair/α" are not fixed. Some variants have different meanings at first, so they can't be used universally. Later, due to the change of word meaning, it can be universal and become a variant. For example, the original meaning of "leisure" is a bolt, and the original meaning of "leisure" is a gap, which is not universal at first, but later the original meaning of "leisure" is no longer used, and it can also be written as "leisure", and both "leisure" and "leisure" have become variants. In order to facilitate people to learn Chinese characters, in 1955, People's Republic of China (PRC), Ministry of Culture and China Language Reform Commission jointly issued the first batch of variant forms, which abolished 1055 variant forms. The common types are classified more scientifically. Specifically, there are five main types of variant characters: one is a group of words that are created for the same word in the language and have no functional distinction in use, such as tears-tears, tears-eyes, tears-times and so on. Among the variant characters, the number of such characters is the largest. The second is a group of words with different meanings, but with the same usage and overlapping functions in actual use, such as Xin Qiji and Jia Fan. The original meanings of the words "sin" and "home" here have no literature use cases, which may be inferred by the editor of the dictionary according to the intention of the font, which is also the fundamental difference between this kind of variant characters and general loanwords. Thirdly, because of the different ways of inheritance and evolution of the same ancient Chinese character, there are two or more different forms of regular script on the regular script plane, which constitute a variant relationship. Ruyi Ji, etc. The fourth is the different writing. This situation is mainly aimed at the early regular script. The difference between different characters is mainly the difference of writing elements, that is, strokes, which has no influence on the configuration mode, structural distribution and meaning. The fifth is that the words are incorrect. A typo refers to a character whose font changes during copying and writing. A common typo is not a variant, but when it is accumulated in a dictionary, the relationship between the typo and the corresponding orthography is no different from that between the common variants. Therefore, this typo should also be regarded as a special variant. Determine whether several standard glyphs initially completely represent the same word. Some words are often borrowed, but they are not variants. Example: 1, Yi: stop, from Yi to Yi. Because the original meaning is rarely used, the meaning of "true" is often borrowed. Reality (the traditional word is "reality"): wealth, from the voice. 2, Yan: set it up, from the real sound. Location. Set: forgive, straight from the net. Forgive (original meaning) → abandon → place → place → place 2 Some words are homologous, but they are not variants. Catch: kill animals. Don't write "harvest". Harvest: Harvest the grain. The latter two are simplified and merged into "gain". Some words represent different words. Although it is often mixed in literary works, it is not a variant. Example: 1, Bi: dried meat; Leave with the show. Repair: modification and research; It is not used to refer to "dried meat". 2. liter: container unit, measuring device. Stand up. Rise: The sun rises, rises, rises. 3. Sculpture: Raptor. Engraving: Engraving (obsolete). Wither: wither, wither. 4、? (chóu) Silk products (variant, eliminated); (ch not u not u) smoke, smoke. Chóu: silk fabric. Processing standard generalized (generalized) standard: including loanwords. Narrow standard: excluding loanwords. Loanwords are not variants. The first batch of variant forms published by 1955 adopted wide standards. For example: press: press a few. Or do it. -"Yi" and "Tang" are variants of each other. I am angry and full. Sometimes you borrow a watch. Variant Chinese characters are changed into regular Chinese characters according to the List of Chinese Characters of General Specification published by the State Council on August 9, 20 13. , Left, Left, Qi and Xu are no longer used as standard words. At the same time, "Nai, Ya, Te, Ju, Sheng, Sheng, Sui, Sui, Qu, Tong, Su, Yi, Pan, Yi, Yi, Yi, Yi, Yi, Yi, Yi. For example: Xi: righteousness means that people's skin is white. No longer as a variant of "Qing". Open your eyes when you are angry. No longer used as a variant of "Chen". Pout: It means pout. No longer used as a variant of "pout". Yi: Yi means land and water. Read tāng. No longer used as a variant of "tàng". Wei: Righteousness is cold. No longer used as a variant of "chestnut". Xu: Righteousness is resultant force. No longer used as a variant of "slaughter". Regulation 1955 The Ministry of Culture and the Cultural Reform Commission jointly issued the first list of variant characters, which stipulated 8 10 regular characters and eliminated 1055 variant characters according to the principle of simplicity and vulgarity. Variant characters are nonstandard characters, which are no longer used except surnames and some special occasions. The word number of the first batch of variant forms has been adjusted four times: 1. 1956. In March, the Cultural Reform Commission and the Ministry of Culture issued a supplementary notice to restore "Hanban" and "depressed" as the standard words. 2. 1986 "Summary of Simplified Chinese Characters" published by the State Council resumed? , you, Ye, you, you,? 、? "Well, silver carp, raccoon dog, revenge" and so on 1 1 are all standard words. 3. 1988 The State Language Committee and the General Administration of Press and Publication issued the "List of Modern Chinese Common Characters" to restore "Jiao, Qiu, Yu, Lian, Yi, Imitation, Qi, Qi, Xun, Sticky, Eucalyptus, Leng and Xun". 4. The "BaBa" in "Japonica" was deleted from the "Language Standardization Manual" published by1997 Language Publishing House; Deleted the "flattering group" with different sounds and meanings. In this way, the revised List of the First Batch of Variant Characters sorted out 795 groups of variant characters, including 795 standard characters, and * * * excluded 1025 variant characters. In 2000, the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on Common Languages and Characters stipulated that variant characters are nonstandard Chinese characters. ˇ 1 is not allowed except in the following situations. Cultural relics, 2. Variants in surnames, 3. Calligraphy, seal cutting and other artistic works, 4. Calligraphy inscriptions and signs, 5. For publishing, teaching and scientific research, 6. Special circumstances approved by relevant departments of the State Council.