Zhuge Liang (181-23410-8), a native of Yang Du, Xuzhou (now yinan county, Linyi City, Shandong Province), was an outstanding politician, strategist, essayist and calligrapher during the Three Kingdoms period. When he was alive, he was named Hou of Wuxiang. After his death, he pursued loyalty to the marquis of Wuxiang. Because of its military ability, the Eastern Jin regime was posthumously named King Wu Xing. Representative prose works include A Teacher's Watch and The Book of Commandments. He once invented the wooden ox, the flying horse, the Kongming lantern and so on, and transformed the crossbow, called Zhuge Lian crossbow, which can hit all targets with one crossbow. In the twelfth year (234), Yu Jianxing died in Wuzhangyuan (now Qishan, Baoji). Liu Chan regarded him as a loyal minister, so later generations often referred to Zhuge Liang as a loyal minister and Zhuge Wuhou. Zhuge Liang is the representative of loyal ministers and wise men in China traditional culture. He devoted himself to his life and died.
Gou Jian (about 520 BC-465 BC), whose real name is Gou Jian, also known as Yu Qian and Luo Zhi, is a descendant of Yu Xia, the son of Betty Wong Yunchang, and the King of Yue at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. He ascended the throne in 496 and was defeated by Wu, so he was forced to make peace. After returning home, Fan Li and Wen Zi were reused, and Vietnam's national strength gradually recovered. In the first 482 years, Fu Cha, the king of Wu, tried his best to attend the Huangchi meeting, leaving only the prince and the old and weak to defend the country. Gou Jian, the King of Yue, took advantage of the situation and defeated Wu Shi. Fu Cha hastily formed an alliance with the State of Jin, and Lien Chan was unfavorable, so he had to make peace with Yue. Before 473, he forced Fu Cha to commit suicide and destroyed Wu's hegemony. He was the last overlord in the Spring and Autumn Period.
Wang Mian (1287 ~ 1359), a native of Qiaofeng, Zhuji, Zhejiang, was a famous painter, poet and seal engraver in Yuan Dynasty. Born in poverty, he was released in his early years and taught himself to be a poet and painter. He is famous for painting plums, especially mume plums. Wang Mian's poems sympathize with people's sufferings, condemn powerful people, despise fame and wealth, and describe rural seclusion. He is aloof and despises powerful people. Zhu Zhai Ji consists of three volumes and two sequels. The surviving paintings are The Three Gentlemen's Map and The Meme Map. Can manage printing, make printing with flower milk stone, and seal cutting is wonderful. The primary school text "Young Wang Mian" wrote that he always left the good ones to his mother, which shows that he is also a dutiful son. Later, in order to avoid the court's favor, Wang Mian lived in seclusion in Huiji Mountain and died of illness.
Lin Zexu (1785 August 30th-1850165438+1October 22nd), a native of Houguan (now Fuzhou), Fujian Province, was called Mu, an old man in the village, who retired to the village and retired to the 72nd peak late. He was called the "national hero" of China because he advocated smoking ban. 1839 When smoking was banned in Guangdong, Lin Zexu sent an unannounced visit to force foreign opium dealers to hand over opium, and the confiscated opium was destroyed in Humen on June 3. The destruction of opium in Humen put Sino-British relations in a state of extreme tension, which became an excuse for British aggression against China during the First Opium War. Although Lin Zexu struggled against western invasion all his life, he was open to western culture, science and technology and trade, and advocated learning and using it. According to the literature, he knows at least a little English and Portuguese, and is committed to translating western newspapers and books. Wei Yuan, a thinker in the late Qing Dynasty, compiled the documents translated by Lin Zexu and his aides into "Seaside Map", which inspired the Westernization Movement in the late Qing Dynasty and even the Meiji Restoration in Japan. 1850165438+1On October 22nd, Lin Zexu died in the old county town of Puning.
Li Guang (? -Former 1 19), Han nationality, Ji Chengren of Longxi (now Qin 'an County, Tianshui, Gansu Province), a famous strategist in China during the Western Han Dynasty. In the 14th year of Emperor Wendi (BC 166), he joined the army to attack the Huns because of his meritorious service. Jingdi was appointed as the magistrate of seven counties in the northern border region. Emperor Wu ascended the throne and was called Weiyang Palace Guard. In the sixth year of Yuanguang (before 129), he served as general Xiaoqi, led more than 10,000 people to ride out Yanmen (now Youyunan, Shanxi) to attack the Xiongnu, and was wounded and captured because of the disparity in numbers. Xiongnu soldiers put them between two horses, and Li Guang played dead. On the way, he jumped and galloped home. Later, he served as the magistrate of Youbeiping County (Zhipinggang County, now southwest of Ningcheng, Inner Mongolia). Huns are afraid of clothes and call them flying generals. They dared not attack for years. In the fourth year of Yuanshou (1 19), Li Guang was a general before the Battle of Mobei. He lost his way and failed to take part in the war, so he committed suicide in anger. In Tang Dezong, 64 famous martial arts masters such as Li Guang were enshrined in Wu Wang Chengsi, known as the sixty-four generals of Wu Wang Chengsi. Song Huizong addressed Li Guang as Huairou Bo, one of the seventy-two generals of Wu Song Temple.
Han Yu (768-824, 65438+February 25th) was born in Heyang, Henan Province (now mengzhou city, Henan Province), Han nationality, calling himself "County King Changli", known as "Han Changli" and "Mr. Changli" in the world. An outstanding writer, thinker and philosopher in Tang Dynasty. Zhenyuan eight years (792), Tang Dezong Jinshi, twice promoted, moved to supervise the empire. In the 19th year of Zhenyuan (803), he was slandered by the powerful minister and demoted to Yangshan. Li Hou was an official, foreign minister, historian and China calligrapher. In the 12th year of Yuanhe (8 17), Ren Peidu marched in Sima and took part in the war against Huaixi and Wu Yuanji. In the 14th year of Yuanhe (8 19), he was banished to Chaozhou for admonishing the Buddha's bones. In his later years, the official to the assistant minister of the official department was called the "Korean official department". In the fourth year of Changqing (824), Han Yu died of illness at the age of 57. He was given a book of rites written by posthumous title, hence the name "Han Wengong". Han Yu was an advocate of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, and was honored by later generations as the first of the "eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties". He and Liu Zongyuan are also called "Liu Han", and they are known as "great writers" and "one hundred generations of literators". His prose writing theories, such as "the unity of literature and Taoism", "moderation in speech", "doing good deeds" and "being literate", have important guiding significance for future generations. He is the author of 40 volumes of Han Changli's Collected Works, Foreign Collected Works 10, Teachers' Comments, etc.