A pond is full of water,
Water chestnut is full of rice fields;
Autumn and August are the most common in the south of the Yangtze River.
The head of a chicken is a ball of pearls.
also
First, Zheng Xie's poetry
Old fisherman,
A fishing rod,
On the edge of the cliff,
Seaside bay;
There is no tie on the boat.
Sha Ou's light waves are far away,
It's very cold during the day in Digang.
Sing a sunset song at night.
In an instant, the waves shook the golden shadow,
Mo looked up and went to the moon on the East Mountain.
Xinghua Water Town in northern Jiangsu, where Zheng Banqiao lived as a child, is criss-crossed with water networks and densely covered with lakes and ponds. There have always been many boatmen who specialize in fishing for a living. However, many fishermen have no land and no house, and they are a poorer social group than farmers. Because Banqiao is very familiar with the life of fishermen, his works not only describe the free and unrestrained side of fishermen, but also describe the hardships and hardships of fishermen's lives and express his sympathy for fishermen. This one is about the old fisherman.
There is misty rain in Shui Yunjian, and shoes are like boat hats.
Sell green money and wine, spread lotus leaves and place fresh fish.
This is not a romantic couple camping for fun, nor a fashionable tourist embracing nature with beef sausages and Coca-Cola, but a family that lives in a "boat with shoes and a hat" every year to make a living.
Fresh fish costs 200 yuan, and rice is put back on the boat to cook.
It is difficult to burn wet reeds and bask in the ancient weeping willows.
Even if you catch fish, you can sell it for money and buy back food, but there is no firewood. Wet reeds, if you smoke, you won't get angry, and your eyes are wet, you still can't eat. Adults and children should starve. Fortunately, today is a good day. I wonder if the wet reed can be dried before the sun goes down. Zheng Banqiao's writing about fishermen also reflects his recluse thought of being tired of officialdom and willing to be poor. Although he became a county magistrate in 12, this honest official, who has never forgotten the sufferings of the people, has no money at the moment.
His ten poems, Daoqing, are all about fishermen, monks, Taoist priests, scholars and beggars. This is a group of widely circulated and well-known works. Banqiao's bleak operation lasted for 14 years, which is really unusual for a knowledgeable and talented person. It can be said that it is painstaking, profound and embodies. He wrote in "A Message from Cang County Department to Brother Mo": "Pity my Dongmen people (Zheng Juxinghua Dongmen), take fish and shrimp, net punt, eat bran in a broken house, sip wheat porridge, take a handful of leaves to cook, and paste buckwheat pot cakes next to them. It must be delicious, and virgins compete for food. Every time I think about it, I really have tears in my eyes. " Therefore, Banqiao often writes about the hardships of fishermen, and his poems are beautiful and implicit, which need to be carefully tasted.
Eleven years as an official in Shandong,
I wonder if the crucian carp on the lake is fresh?
Taste your family tonight,
A spoonful of clear soup is worth 10 thousand yuan.
Among friends, Banqiao naturally can't forget Li Shan. Being an official in Shandong is not only a county magistrate, but also a famous painter in the north and south. What is the current situation? Is it still "white hair and shoulders"? When I was in Shandong, I sent him a poem saying, "I can borrow ten acres of land from you to grow crops and rent three houses from me." Did he forget? The family inquired about Li Shan's whereabouts and said that Tang Mi lived in his hometown of Bao Zhong. Zhaoyang is about 40 miles away from Bao Zhong, with canoes and good winds. It will take half a day to get there. Zheng Banqiao visited Bao Zhong. When an old friend saw him, he was filled with emotion. Shan Li invited Banqiao to taste rice wine and fresh fish in his hometown. Crucian carp soup is the most emotional thing at the party. In Shandong, we often eat fish, but the most common one is carp, and we seldom have the habit of making soup.
Grass is as green as a seedling,
Seedlings are like grass,
Chessboard painting Springfield.
Rain is thick and mulberry is heavy.
Pigeon's wife's name is Sunshine Smoke.
The ancient banks of the skew bridge over the river,
Lin wai hang JIU qi Wu
The mountain city is far away,
Sunset drums,
At the edge of the cloud.
Thirty years old,
Yannan Zhao Bei,
The sea level is rising.
It's nice to go back in time,
Love words remain the same.
When it comes to early play,
The gull alliance is orderly.
Nice to see you again,
Holding a man and a baby,
Yinya is very well connected.
It is not only crucian carp that makes Banqiao homesickness ripple, but also green grass and chessboard fair. Judging from the pastoral scenery in the ci, it seems that it was written in my hometown Xinghua. However, Xinghua has no mountain city or river bank, so Yangzhou or Yizheng is more likely to produce it. "When I dreamed of Yangzhou, I thought of Yangzhou dreaming of me." I said, "When that day comes, I will hide in Jiangcun, and when that day comes, I will lie in Jianglou." Yangzhou He Yizhen has many confidants, and as a free man, these two places are indispensable.
It's not the official who lost the black veil,
The package rustled and the sleeves were cold.
Write a thin bamboo,
Make a fishing rod on the autumn river.
Resignation and retirement to the West Wind River is of course a common metaphor. However, it is a moral integrity that completely breaks away from the dark feudal officialdom, and also shows the sad mood of this great humanitarian returning from office.
2. Zheng Xie's paintings
From then on, Zheng Banqiao returned to his hometown, painting bamboo for a living, and lived a poor and noble life. He only painted orchids, bamboos and stones all his life. He believes that the blue flowers will not fade at four o'clock, the bamboo sea will last forever, and the stone sea will not fall. This coincides with his stubborn character. His paintings are usually just a few bamboos, a stone and some pens. The composition is simple, but the layout is clever, and the thick and thin ink gives a three-dimensional impression. Bamboo leaves and orchid leaves are hooked. Although there is only one black one, it can make people feel the vitality of orchid bamboo.
Plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum are the traditional themes of China literati painting, which embodies the painter's pursuit of lofty character. The legend of bamboo painting began in the Tang Dynasty, but some works were handed down by Su Shi and Wen Tong in the Northern Song Dynasty. The story of "having answers" has always been very popular. Banqiao painted bamboo all his life and lived without bamboo on weekdays. Fan County and Wei County, where he was an official, also planted bamboo everywhere. When he was 7 1 year-old, he said that he had painted bamboo all his life, "he didn't learn other crafts and didn't live in a family", and he painted for 50 years. His bamboo painting is "Zheng Zhu", not Su Zhu and Wen Zhu. There have always been different opinions about the bamboo he painted. Praisers say that his bamboo is "independent and unique", and the charm in the painting is not easy for others to learn; His detractors thought he was "heroic and heroic, and went too far." (3) Both praise and criticism involve a problem, that is, Banqiao paints with emotion and writes bamboo love stories with emotion. The bamboo painted by Banqiao is often not just a bamboo, but a person, a character, a strength, a taste, a pursuit, an artistic conception and a wish. The expression of various emotions is largely due to his inscription on the picture frame. Jiang said that he "wrote a sentence casually, and the viewer sighed", and that the content of his topic "is well known in calligraphy and painting, so it is wonderful", which is very accurate. Of course, some people disagree, thinking that art is more precious than meaning. "Everyone has a strange disease, and I am the only one who has a strange worship. The ugly woman without salt is virtuous and has a mirror in her arms. " This is Lu Hui's pertinent evaluation of Banqiao painting bamboo. No matter now or in the future, it is inevitable that someone will get sick and be respected. However, the old man in Banqiao vividly wrote bamboo like a golden hoop in the Monkey King's hand, like a contemporary Rubik's cube, which changes at will and becomes more and more strange. Both praise and criticism admit that it is a miracle in the art world.
Bamboo is a symbol of moral integrity: "but several leaves are all knots;" Everything must see the root, not the half. " "Sometimes there is no change in yin, and cold pines and cypresses are intimate. "
"When it is not unearthed, there is a knot first, and the vertical lingyun is unintentional." "One paragraph after another, thousands of leaves are saved; I don't blossom, so I don't want to tease bees and butterflies. "
Bamboo is a symbol of modesty: "It's hard to miss the cold before it's cold, and only this gentleman can cure customs, regardless of wealth." "Heart grasp virtual xi section straight, arrogant mountain man's knowledge. Let him rain, dew, wind and frost, and he will not change green at four o'clock. " "Go straight to its festival, empty its heart, you can corridor temple, you can mountain forest." "In the newly planted thin bamboo garden, there are three or two clusters of sadness on the stone. Bamboo is not short or short, and most modesty is family style. " Bamboo is a symbol of strength: "Bamboo is strong and fragrant, and Nanshan stone is stronger."
"Last night, the autumn wind passed through Xiaoxiang, and I was crazy to touch the stone and wear the forest; Only bamboo branches are not afraid, but there are thousands of fights. " "Asserting that Qingshan does not relax, the roots are broken. A thousand blows are still strong, and the wind is east, west, north and south. "
Bamboo is a gentleman: "bamboo gentleman, Shi Daren, chitose friend, four seasons like spring." "There are not too many gentlemen in the world." "Bamboo is called Jun, not Zhang. Tin is a good name and can't be made. "
Bamboo brings a clear breeze: "Planting bamboo Guangling City every year, Aier Guangqing has not changed. The most important thing is to look at the paper outside the window, in order to win the autumn sound at midnight. " "Plant bamboo when you meet Qingshan, and there will always be a breeze."
Bamboo can show the future and place good hopes on it: "Draw a bamboo branch and insert a stone, which is not one foot higher than the bamboo branch. Although one foot makes him tall, I will see my strength in the coming year. " "There are not many children within a few feet. You are going to find young people."
It is common to use bamboo as a metaphor for noble morality and modesty. There is a poem by Li Bai, which says, "Highly respected people attach importance to each other, and governors are modest." Strangely, there are paintings and poems, and a few simple strokes can form a clear idea, which is both vivid and poetic, and is presented to you in the form of poetry, painting and calligraphy. The bamboos in Banqiao are painted carelessly, sometimes three or two, sometimes six or seven, and the branches are all branches. Seemingly unintentional, but actually intentional. He himself said: when you start painting bamboo, you can paint less but not more, and then you can paint more but not less. About 60 years old, I don't know how to reduce branches and leaves. One branch is useful, one leaf is useful, and the extra one is unnecessary. This is called Jane. Look:
Draw six bamboos: "How about seven bamboos in the bamboo forest? Two Ruan Yuan should be a * * * ""other rocks, six bamboo poles. By the window, facing the China house. Half light, accompanied by reading. The cool wind is born, the jade is cold, and the rising sun is southeast. "
Draw three bamboo poles: "I wrote three bamboo poles with a wave of my hand, and some orchids were added under the bamboo." It's always the same as seven acres. I want to repair the old spectrum and watch it with you. "
Draw two bamboos: "Lei Lei is a stone, but two bamboos are sparse. Few people know the good taste, and love is in the empty valley. " "As long as there are two bamboo poles in front of the porch, there is a wonderful wind and rain. Or I'm afraid I can't sleep and I don't know that the poem has been written on the pillow. " "Two branches of bamboo are heavy clouds, and a few leaves are upside down. This is the same root and the same spirit, what is humble and lofty! " "Gao Qian's two branches are flourishing. How many soft needles are great. If first frost is caught in a snowstorm, who is standing? "
Draw two or three bamboo poles: "You don't need many kinds of bamboo, but you can scrape your eyes and ears." There are two or three rustling sounds, and the natural breeze is enough. "
Draw one, two, three bamboo poles: "One, two, three bamboo poles, four, five, six bamboo leaves are naturally sparse, why should they overlap?" Draw a bamboo pole: "Do you have a thin bamboo pole?" There are not many bamboo rafts on ten acres of land. If you can find out the number of people in the world, you can see the Ganges River in the sand by the water. ""a tall bamboo is the only wind, and a small bamboo is in the cage. The painting world is really celebrated, and the grandson is holding Agathon. "
The number of bamboo poles indicates different contents, bamboo poles swing back and forth, and different seasons, climate changes and planting places are also expressed in various ways, thus expressing different emotions. For example:
Painting bamboo in spring: "whose new bamboo shoots broke the new mud, and the spring breeze came to the west of bamboo last night." I want to ask why the bamboo is limited to the west, and it takes ten thousand poles to climb the ladder in an instant. "Painting Bamboo in Spring and Summer": "Dense and complex pavilions, small courtyard is quiet and green. "The most important thing is that I am covered with cool stars on the rattan chair in the evening breeze." "Not the spring breeze, not the autumn wind. New Moon is on in midsummer. Can drive away my summer heat and clear my chest. The virtue of a gentleman is the wind of a king. "
Painting bamboo in autumn: "There are more bamboos in autumn wind, so knock on the window and dance." I won't delete it. Leave it to the sandman in the middle of the night. ""less daring, more winning. Try to make autumn sounds, and Yao windows make wind and rain. " "I also have a pavilion in the deep forest, wine glasses, tea sets and poetry bags. Qiu Lai slept little, sang songs and listened to the rustling rain. "
Painting bamboo in winter: "It snowed all night and the shadow was green. Don't be wrinkled by the wind, exquisite and broken cold jade. "
Draw the bamboo of the four seasons: "The four seasons of flowers and plants are the most endless, fragrant in time and space." Only the bamboos in the mountains have survived the spring and summer.
Autumn and winter. "
Painting bamboo in the wind: "Banqiao learns to write bamboo in the wind, and the picture shows how Sanyou wishes him."
Painting bamboo at night: "Bamboo is newly planted but not old. Bamboo contains green stone moss. " A window is stormy in the middle of the night, sitting in the study with a secluded person. "
Painting bamboo in the mountains: "Water bamboo is not as strong as mangosteen, and it must be green to the stone edge when painting."
Draw a recumbent bamboo: "recumbent bamboo is upright, stalagmites are bare and bamboo is very long." Like Ni Yuqing Pavilion, the front step is unusual. "
Draw an old bamboo: "the old bamboo is green and tender, and it was deified and coquettish in those days." There was a thunderstorm at the top of the mountain in spring, and I saw long hair again. "
Draw Hsinchu: "The spring breeze and spring rain are just at that time, and the graceful bamboos are full of steps." The host walked around the gallery after drinking tea. He was very happy to see some new works. "
The beauty of bamboo represented by ink painting is mainly in the words of color, light and shadow. Banqiao has made great efforts to show it:
Show bamboo color: "a thatched cottage, a few dry new houses. The snow-white paper window slightly invades the green ... Walking back and forth in the bamboo shadow, the clear light is reflected on the paper, which is absolutely pitiful. " "Neighbors planted bamboo and went back to the wall. A kind of green is actually planted for me. "
Xiuzhu Light: "I went to his house to be a guest and saw a few piano books, which were clean and dust-free. They are made of bean green and covered with bamboo lanterns. "
Xiu Zhuying: "The wind is warm and the day is warm, the frozen flies touch the window paper, and the drums are played in winter and winter."
When the bamboo shadow is messy, isn't it a natural picture? "
Bamboo can reflect people's integrity, people's spirit, bamboo can write the relationship between people in the four seasons, people's emotions, bamboo can show various beautiful forms in the sky and clouds, bamboo can also contact everything in the world, and can be written and expressed everywhere:
Bamboo is a fishing rod, which makes you feel carefree: "From now on, I will not draw fragrant orchids, but write rustling bamboo." There are thousands of short knots, so you can pick up your own fishing rod. "
It seems common for bamboo to be used as a broom, but: "The hillside with stone cracks is my home, and the chess table is full of smoke." Some people weave it into brooms and use gods to sweep flowers. "
Bamboo is the dragon: "Bamboo is the dragon essence, and stone is the pine. I believe this will take a hundred years. " "The dragon sees the first missing the tail. Bamboo, dragon species also. What does it mean to draw its roots and hide its tail? "
Bamboo can be changed into a curtain: "Bamboo shoots are new in February along the river, and every kitchen peels new clouds."
This body is willing to split thousands of silk strips and weave a beautiful curtain. "
The sound of bamboo is the sound of people's sufferings: "Yazhai lying listening to the rustling of bamboo is probably the sound of people's sufferings."
Bamboo can be turned into various utensils: "People on the river use bamboo as a bright light and bamboo screens as bamboo beds. The taste of life is originally bamboo, and bamboo buildings still need to be better than painting beams. "
Bamboo, which can be homophonic, becomes a bamboo for celebration: "write three bamboos and make three wishes ... let's worship the master."
Bamboo can coexist with thorns: "Don't hoe thorns, let them be taller than bamboo." Mingxi once said that everything is a compatriot. "
Draw bamboo, what do you get? "Monks love my paintings, and painting bamboo is full. I am brittle when I write. "
This kind of inscription, with a wild imagination, has opened up the infinite field of limited pictures, making a few brushstrokes and bamboos integrate everything in the world, showing all kinds of human beings, laughing and cursing, all of which are articles. It is a miracle that painting bamboo can reach such a state. Superman's views and skills are inseparable from his life's efforts. His creative methods can be summarized as follows:
1, Banqiao painted bamboo, pursuing painting in paper and painting outside paper: "Painting in paper, painting outside paper. This time, there are more bamboo poles than bamboo leaves. People who make waves and make rain, including dew fog, are hidden outside the paper? "
2, Banqiao painting bamboo, pay attention to understanding, pay attention to whether there is: "It is difficult to draw in ancient and modern times, so we must not be anxious. Intentional copying is not at all, and understanding is only harmonious. "
3, Banqiao painting bamboo, pay attention to truth and God: "Take time to be true, draw your own time."
4, Banqiao painted bamboo, paying attention to writing first, unwilling to rush to write: "Painting bamboo means writing first, and the pen is dry and light. People can't, this year is still last year. "
5, Banqiao painting bamboo, simple branches and leaves, are the result of deliberate management: "painting bamboo branches for forty years, writing thoughts during the day and night. The extra leaves are thin, and the painting is ripe. "
6. Banqiao painting bamboo is a freehand painting, but it has a lot to do with meticulous painting: "I don't know how many problems there are in freehand painting. Self-deception, if you don't make progress, you will get this disease. You must work hard before you can be freehand. "
7, Banqiao painted bamboo, worshiped calligraphy: "I am learning ink in the pool every day, why fight for it?" To know how to draw calligraphy, Zhu Lan is a grasshopper. ""Write the valley like bamboo, and draw Dongpo like writing. A short book is different from ordinary calligraphy, it has its own meaning. " "Section by section, leaf by leaf, like a piece of exquisite, Sue like Zheng Xie. "
8, Banqiao painting bamboo, the focus is all on the word "live": "don't stick to the ancient law, don't hold your own opinions, but live."
Banqiao painting bamboo is ever-changing, but the focus is on creation. Banqiao has said this basic point many times, either the cloud stands on its own feet or the cloud stands on its own feet. He admired Su Shi's bamboo, Wen Tong's bamboo and Shi Tao's bamboo, but he publicly declared that his bamboo was created by himself: "Painting bamboo everywhere, it is raining." Today, I refused to write the long beard and phoenix-tailed steak of "The Law of the World". "He is full of confidence in his own creation, claiming that his article is a sky-shattering article, the text is the text of thunder and electric shock, the text is the talk of God cursing ghosts, and the painting has no past or present. He stands tall in the world of painters and painters, just like a bamboo in the breeze, shining, full of vitality and having his own face.
Attached to Zheng Banqiao's "Zhu Cong Tu" is as follows:
A clump of ink bamboo, alternating old and new, with appropriate density, draws a state of overlapping and spreading, old nodes and new branches. The layout is just right, and the long topic is between bamboo leaves, which means nothing. The title "My city is good at painting bamboo, thinking that it is the best, and the strong fisherman is still swimming." ..... It's a long way to go, Xiu Yuan. One-seventh of this year, I didn't learn other skills, didn't live in a family, and didn't stop studying for 50 years. Not just greed. Brother Xiang Gao is forty years old and wants to write bamboo as his life. He said,' Chaos is not as good as the whole, making the sky full of fun and smoke.' This person also knows. It is not only Zheng Zhu, but also Shang Zhu who think that China is the seal, which is the three wishes. Why not? Ganlong is twenty-eight years old and lives in Guiwei. Zheng Xie, Taoist priest of Banqiao, inscribed painting. The Seal of Zheng Xie and the Seal of the Cool Pigeon. A rare treasure for his age of 7 1 year.
The bamboo stone attached to the Banqiao is as follows:
"Bamboo Stone Map" is Banqiao's work in 62 years, with several bamboos and stones, which is simple and meaningful. It has a big picture, and its momentum is handsome and scattered. The posture of bamboo makes it sparse, looking forward to love, the stone is straight, thin and hard, the pen is smart and refreshing, and the thick stone of bamboo is light, thick and light, reflecting and interesting. The lines of the poems and paintings are unique, and the size, inclination, density and shade are arranged neatly, which makes the poems and paintings blend together harmoniously, enhances the formal beauty of the composition, and expresses their thoughts and creative motives through the inscription and postscript. "Yesterday, Dongpo lay man made a dead bamboo stone, so there was no dead bamboo stone, but it remained colorless. Yu Zuozhu is a solid stone instead of dead wood, which is intended to draw bamboo, and bamboo is mainly supplemented by stone. Today, stone is bigger than bamboo, and it is also because of special circumstances. It does not stick to the ancient law, does not hold its own views, but lives. My eldest brother is a family member, so I thank him for painting on the 9th. " The seals of "Seven Official Ears" and "Bingchen Buried in the Earth".
Three. Zheng Xie's book.
Zheng Xie loved calligraphy since childhood, and copied all kinds of calligraphy styles of famous ancient calligraphers. After some hard work, he finally wrote something almost identical to his predecessors, and he was able to confuse the fake with the real. But people don't appreciate his calligraphy very much, and he is in a hurry. He studies and practices harder than before.
One summer night, he and his wife were sitting outside enjoying the cool. He wrote on his thigh with his finger and on his wife. His wife hit his hand angrily and said, "You have your body, and I have my body. Why not write about your own body and write about other people's bodies? " When sleeping at night, Zheng Banqiao thought, everyone has his own body, and writing has his own font, which is different! Why do I always learn other people's fonts instead of writing my own style? Even if you learn the same as others, it's just someone else's font. What's the point without innovation and your own style? From then on, he learned from the strengths of various schools, combined official script with seal script, grass, lines and model letters, and used painting to write, and finally formed a "six books and a half" which was highly praised by people and often called "rocky pile", and became a famous painter and calligrapher with high reputation in Qing Dynasty.
In his later years, Shu Qiao's calligraphy became unique and elegant. More than 200 years after Banqiao's death, his calligraphy style spread more and more widely. People who learn from his calligraphy style and claim to be his descendants are not only found in Yangzhou, Xinghua and Weixian, but also all over the country. Banqiao style has been recognized as a calligraphy style. Banqiao calligraphy and painting pursues its own characteristics, which has been recognized by scholars for more than 200 years. The word of "electric shock thunder" has been studied since ancient times, but it is quite different from the ancients; He is not thin, but disdains chasing people. His self-esteem is well founded.
Opening a calligraphy of Banqiao often makes people feel that it is a painting or a calligraphy with words in it. From the composition point of view, the size is dense, short and fat, the arch direction and pitch are reflected, and the parameters are uneven. For example, a crowd composed of several characters is not like neat rows of soldiers, but like men, women and children coming together on a shady road. The old man is leaning on a crutch and the little grandson is holding it; Boys are presumptuous and girls are shy; People in a hurry grab the road, and Xu Zhe flashes; The strong carry things, and the weak follow them. Everything seems to be chaotic, but if you understand it carefully, it is a natural picture connected by blood. This kind of composition, some people call it paving stone, others call it adding fuel to the flames, which is inseparable and inseparable. Look at the gas, a line is not like a string of beads, the center of gravity is often left and right, and it does not follow the principle of "keeping the center". In a line, there are always some words that are misplaced, or swing their legs, or slide down as appropriate, irregular, incorrect and unstable. And a number of irregular, incorrect and unstable words are connected together, forming a whole harmony, whether light or heavy, big or small, or pulling or leading, or pulling or winding, just right. The plain surface set aside by the book line forms the effect of virtual reality and black and white, which is not far away, dense and miscellaneous, not crowded or empty, and properly controlled. This composition, this temperament, is mixed and harmonious, chaotic and orderly. Because of complexity, harmony is precious; Because of chaos, it is difficult to be orderly, and it has really received the effect of vertical collection and skillful freedom.
Look at the knot of the Banqiao again. Let's take Runge written by Bazaar Banqiao as an example. Most of them belong to the running script, the "You" in You Liang belongs to the regular script, the "Xie" in Xie Ke belongs to the cursive script, the "Li" in Gift belongs to the official script, and the "Shen" in Shen Tired and Qiu Feng belongs to the official script. Generally speaking, the characteristics of the whole character are behavior and calligraphy, which is one of the deviations in Six Books and a Half in terms of the size of the characters. The largest is the ear margin, and the smallest is the fan. The volume of "Yuan" is about 20 times larger than that of "Zi". The size is random, but it is harmonious and symmetrical. As far as form is concerned, some are particularly flat, such as the "thing" of "gift"; Some specialties, such as Miao's Miao; The word "entanglement" is very big, which seems to express a strong aversion to entanglement; "Only the autumn wind is passing" is particularly conspicuous, which seems to show that the determination to thank the guests has been made. The last word "Ye" after "A Gentleman Can't Be Useless" actually accounts for six words, and the meaning of the pen is still unfinished. The host thanked the guests casually. Fortunately, readers will also be happy.
More carefully, let's look at the pens used in Banqiao. Obviously, Banqiao's calligraphy is due to the North Monument, and he is very particular about using a pen and borrowing opportunities. Most of what he wrote was running script, but both the point and the left and right absorbed the meaning of official script. In his words, the middle is vertical, often very strong, like a strong bamboo standing in the wind, and the long stretch is like a blue leaf. At the turning point, you often suffer from diseases. Use a squat pen, such as a stone. His long grip, like a valley instead of a valley, closes when it is slightly vertical, like a blade pressing down hard and penetrating the back of the paper. In his own words, Banqiao's calligraphy, especially his works in his later years, has two characteristics. One is "Chinese eight-part essay mixed into cursive script" and the other is "painting by calligraphy". He said in Liu Liucun's pamphlet: "Zhuang Sheng said,' Peng flew in anger, and his wings were like clouds hanging in the sky'. Some people say,' All plants and trees are angry'. But without anger, how is everything possible? Banqiao's calligraphy is mixed with Han Bafen's cursive script, and Yan's "Contention for Seats" also means to anger different people. " In short, his calligraphy is the combination of official script and official script, or the combination of original script, cursive script, official script and seal script, which is called "six and a half books" and is a major feature of his calligraphy. Banqiao once wrote a painting and said, "If you want to know how to draw and understand calligraphy, Zhu Lan is like a grasshopper." He used the skill of painting Zhu Lan in calligraphy, which permeated everywhere in composition, style, word formation and pen use, forming another major feature of his "littering all over the street".
Here's a question: "Take it out on different people", different from who? There are three theories about calligraphy aesthetics: Jin people attach importance to rhyme, Tang people attach importance to law, Song people attach importance to meaning and Ming people attach importance to ambition. Grasping the essential characteristics of book style changes in different times. Many rulers in the Ming and Qing Dynasties advocated legal posts and ancient laws, and held high the words of Zhao Mengfu and Dong Qichang. Zhao's writing is charming, and Dong's writing is clear and moist, which makes him a great man. However, their ci was highly praised by the imperial court, which artificially influenced the calligraphy circle at that time and formed resentment among literati, especially lawless people. From the Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, court documents were required to be written by calligraphers. At the same time, for a large number of intellectuals who took part in the imperial examination, whether the words written are black (black), square (square), smooth (smooth), big or small is even the primary requirement. On that day, many scholars entered the official career and obtained high official positions because of their outstanding calligraphy style. In this way, the ruler's will acts on the book world, forming a popular pavilion style. Banqiao's "different people's anger" is different from the popular calligraphy style, from the bondage of Wu, Fang and Guang, and from the calligraphy practice that Zhao and Dong Quan Gui like.
He once pointed out that Huang Fuweng (Tingjian) had a poem by Du Fu, and Zhao (Mengfu) had a poem by Zuo Zhuan, both of which were respected at that time and treasured by later generations, and even some disputants caused lawsuits.
Banqiao has neither the strength to pull out the rich man nor the smoothness of loose snow. It's just strange, and it's a method that involves real officials, but it's complicated, so it's for the teacher's own use, not enough.
Obviously, his contempt for Zhao Mengfu's familiarity is not due to Zhao Zi's lack of kung fu, but its purpose is to despise customs.
According to the information available now, the real trace of Banqiao's "self-use", that is, the practical application of the official weed book, is to write four books at the age of 36, that is, the spring of five applications, which is a watershed when studying at Tianning Temple. Early Banqiao Gong Kai, Gongcao, Yangzhou and Xinghua all had the original scripts of Gong Zheng's early years, which were quite kung fu. The Biography of the Qing Dynasty said that he "played less regular script", and Qing Ren and Lei Chao said that he "learned Jin Dynasty steles", which should be said to be well-founded. Without profound skill and extensive knowledge, originality and uniqueness after middle age can only make people laugh. Zheng Luan's great-grandson Zheng Luan said in the postscript of Preface to Banqiao Lanting that Banqiao began to intervene in the opening of seal script in middle age. It was at this stage that he embarked on a brand-new road and became an outstanding master. In Fan County Department, he wrote a letter saying: Ci, Cui You; The ancient monument was destroyed and deliberately searched. He once commented on Cai Yong, Han Danchun, Cui, Zhang Boying, Liang Hu and Zhong You in Inscription. He has imitated his aunt's calligraphy for a long time. He said that the valley does not draw bamboo, but calligraphy is very similar to bamboo, thin and slim, beautiful and picturesque, with a ruler on the side and many twists and turns. He shouted: "I am a teacher, I am a teacher!" " He also realized the similarities between painting theory and calligraphy theory from the aspects of shade, density and style. However, even the sage he worships, he "learns half and stays half" and "learns 70 times and stays three times". Zhao is not necessarily the only one who is angry with different people. After middle age, after hard exploration, his "Banqiao style" became more and more mature, and his face gradually became clear.
It will take about ten years from the formation of Banqiao to the finalization and maturity of Banqiao. His great-grandson Zheng Luan has seen a lot, so his judgment should be more reliable. Zheng Luan wrote "Preface to Lanting Collection" in July in the eighth year of Banqiao Qianlong (1743), saying that at the age of 5 1, Banqiao was "integrated with other schools and good at public education." In his later years, Gong Zheng's calligraphy works were free, natural and fluent, with the meaning of the Song Dynasty outside and the method of the Tang Dynasty inside. Contrary to the attitude of the Ming Dynasty, they preserved their own charm, merged the true Cao Li in one furnace, and were unique in poetry, calligraphy and painting. Banqiao calligraphy is also like a person, so there is no need to praise its beauty. Just like his self-proclaimed "Mashantou needle and thread", its vividness lies in the lively and stubborn personality displayed by calligraphy art, and in the true spirit, true meaning and true interest infiltrated between the lines. Banqiao's history of more than 200 years is not only enduring, but also increasingly influential. This is the great charm of Banqiao calligraphy innovation.