2) the title of the book. Compiled during the reign of emperor Qianlong of Qing dynasty. It started at 1772 and was compiled after ten years. The largest official book in ancient China is also the largest series in ancient China, which is divided into four parts: classics, history, books and collections, hence the name Siku. According to Wen Jin Ge Ji, this book contains 3,503 kinds of ancient books, 79,337 volumes (79,337 volumes), and more than 36,000 volumes are bound. A large number of documents have been preserved. The name "Four Treasures of the Study" originated in the early Tang Dynasty. In the early Tang Dynasty, the official books were divided into four stacks, namely "Four Treasures of the Study" or "Four Treasures of the Study". The quartering of the subset of classics and history is the main method of ancient book classification, which basically covers all ancient books, so it is called "the whole book". In the early years of Qianlong in Qing Dynasty, Zhou Shuinian, a scholar, put forward the theory of Confucianism and Tibet, and advocated collecting Confucian works for people to borrow. This theory has been widely responded by the society and is the social basis for compiling Sikuquanshu. The General Catalogue of Sikuquanshu is another important bibliography work.
3) Four great writers in the Northern Song Dynasty: Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi, Su Shi and Huang Tingjian.
Ouyang Xiu: (07- 1073), the word Yongshu, also known as Drunken Weng. Liu Yi boulder. Luling (now Shaxi, Yongfeng County). An outstanding writer and historian in the Northern Song Dynasty. At the age of four, he lost his father and his family was poor. His mother painted the land and taught him to write. Reciting more ancient chapters, for poetry, "the text is irrelevant." Tiansheng eight years (1030), Jinshi, Xijing official. In the first year of Jingyou (1034), he served as a clerk of Zhennan Army, offended the Prime Minister and was demoted. Ouyang Xiu wrote a letter, reprimanding Gao Ruoyi for not upholding justice and being sent to Yiling County. In the first year of Kangding (1040), he was ordered to organize the pavilion and edit the Chongwen catalogue. In the third year (1043), Li Qing was appointed as the right judge and intellectual ruler. In five years, Du Yan, Fan Ju Yan, Han Qi, Fu Bi and other famous ministers were pushed out of the DPRK one after another, and Ouyang Xiu defended them. After being demoted to Chuzhou, it was changed to Yangzhou and Yingzhou. In the first year of you (1049), he returned to Korea and successively served as a bachelor of Hanlin and a historian. Co-edited the Book of the New Tang Dynasty with Song Qi and taught himself the history of the Five Dynasties. In his later years, Shao Shi, the official to the Tang Dynasty, took part in political affairs. Zong Shenxi Ning died at home in the fifth year (1072) and died in Wen.
Wang Anshi: (102 1- 1086), his real name is Banshan, his real name is Badger Lang, his name is Jing Guogong, and he is known as Wang in the world. Linchuan, a native of Fuzhou, was an outstanding politician, thinker and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. He was born in a small official family. Father's benefit, word loss, is a judge of Linjiang army, and he has served as a county official in several States all his life. Anshi doesn't like reading very much and has a strong memory. He received a good education from an early age. In the second year of Li Qing (1042), Yang Town ranked fourth in the Jinshi list, and successively served as a judge in Huainan, a magistrate in Yinxian County, a judge, a magistrate in Changzhou, a criminal prison in Jiangdong, Tiaodian and other local officials. In the fourth year of Zhiping (1067), Zong Shenchu acceded to the throne, and Zhao 'an was called a bachelor of Hanlin from Jiangning Government School. In the second year of Xining (1069), he was promoted to participate in politics. Since Xining three years ago, he has served as a member of the same school twice to publicize the new law. After nine years in Xining, he lived in seclusion and died in Jiangning Zhongshan (now Nanjing, Jiangsu).
Su Shi: (1037-110/) Zizhan, a native of Meishan (now meishan county, Sichuan). He was an outstanding poet in the Northern Song Dynasty. He not only opposed Wang Anshi's radical reform measures, but also disagreed with Sima Guang's abolition of the new law, so he was rejected by the old and new parties and his career was very bumpy. He was born in Jing You for three years and worked as a scholar in Jia You for two years. I have been a scholar in Duanmingtang, a scholar in Hanlin and an official. He was demoted to Hangzhou for mocking the state affairs; Moved to Huzhou, Huangzhou and Changzhou successively. Zhezong succeeded to the throne and was called to the capital to serve as the central shed. Later, I argued with Sima Guang that the new law could not be changed and got to know Hangzhou. Later, the new party was launched because clan politics was clear. Su Shi was demoted again and again, and he was demoted to Hainan. Song Huizong ascended the throne and granted amnesty to the whole world. Su Shi died in Changzhou when he returned to the North. At that time, it was the year of the founding emperor, at the age of 66. Gao Zongchao, giving a surname, died Wenzhong.
Huang Tingjian: (1045- 1 105), a native of Lu Zhi, is also known as a rich man. People from Fenning, Hongzhou. Shao Shengchu, a scholar in Zhiping for four years, was relegated because of the mistakes in the Record of the Gods written by the school book lang. Later, when the new party came to power, it was repeatedly relegated and died in Yizhou. Huang Tingjian is one of the four sons of Su Men. His poems are as famous as those of Su Shi, and he is called "Su Huang". His poetic style is peculiar, thin and blunt, and he strongly refuses to belittle vulgar habits. Advocate a generation of ethos and be the originator of Jiangxi poetry school. Exquisite calligraphy, and Su, Mi and Cai are also called "". Ci is as famous as Qin Guan, but its artistic achievements are not as good as Qin Guan. In his later years, he had a close relationship with Su Shi, with a thin style of ci, deep feelings, bold and elegant, and sometimes brilliant. There is "Valley Ci".
4) "Four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty"
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Yang Jiong, Lu,, and other early Tang writers. "Biography of Yang Jiong in Old Tang Dynasty" said: "Yang Jiong is as famous as Lu, Lu and Luo, the king of the sea, and is also called the' four outstanding men'.
The four outstanding poets are equally famous, which originally refers to their poems, mainly referring to parallel prose and fu. In Biography of Yang Jiong in Old Tang Dynasty, Zhang and Cui Rong commented that Yang Jiong felt ashamed in front of Lu. In Biography of Pei Xingjian in Old Tang Dynasty, they said that they were "knowing people by their articles". After Wang Luo was recorded six times in the Records of the Official Records of Chidai, Yang Jiong and his Essays were regarded as "ghost books" and "calculating doctors", and the cited examples were an essay and a poem, so the four outstanding figures were called poems. Later, it was mainly used to evaluate his poems. There is a phrase "Wang Yang and his contemporaries" in Du Fu's Six Plays, which is generally considered to refer to their poems; However, some people think that referring to the text, such as Zong Tingfu's "On the quatrains of ancient and modern poetry" in the Qing Dynasty, is called "This first theory is 46"; Or think that it also refers to poetry, such as Liu Kezhuang's "Continued Poems in Houcun". When discussing this poem, take Fu, couplet and poem as examples.
The rankings of the four outstanding figures are also different. Song's Essay on Sacrificing Du said that after the founding of the Tang Dynasty, "Wang Luo" returned and listed all the people in this order, which is the earliest known material. Zhang said that "Zhi Bei Tai Wei Pei Gong" said: "When choosing Cao, see Luo,,, and Yang Jiong", headed by Luo. Du Fu's poem "Wang Luzuo at that time", one is "Wang Yang Luo Lu"; The Biography of Pei Xingjian in the Old Tang Dynasty was also prefaced by Wang Yang Luo Lu.
Although the poems of the four masters have not lost their beauty since Qi Liang, they have initially reversed the literary atmosphere. At that time, it was clearly opposed to "official style" and "thinking about its disadvantages", which was supported by Lu and others (Preface to Yang Jiong). Their poems, from court to life, have a wide range of themes and delicate styles. Lu and Luo's seven-character songs tend to be ci-fu, with a slightly stronger momentum; Wang and Yang's five-character rhythm began to be standardized, and the tone was sonorous. Parallel prose is also full of flexibility and vividness in ci. Lu Shiyong's "Poetry Mirror" said, "Wang Bo is rich in Gao Hua and Yang Jiong, and according to the neighboring algae, Tan Yi and Zi 'an are the best?" When I transferred to the early Tang Dynasty, I took the Six Dynasties. "Four outstanding figures are the characters in the early Tang literary world in the period of alternation between the old and the new.
Yang Jiong, Lu,, and other early Tang writers. The four outstanding poets are equally famous, which originally refers to their poems, mainly referring to parallel prose and fu. Although the poems of the four masters have not lost their beauty since Qi Liang, they have initially reversed the literary atmosphere. Their poems, from court to life, have a wide range of themes and delicate styles. Lu and Luo's seven-character songs tend to be ci-fu, with a slightly stronger momentum; Wang and Yang's five-character rhythm began to be standardized, and the tone was sonorous. Parallel prose is also full of flexibility and vividness in ci. Four outstanding figures are the figures in the early Tang literary world in the transitional period between the old and the new.