Miao Sunquan (1844 September 20th-191February 22nd), also known as Xiaoshan, is an artistic old man from Camus Village, Shengang Town, Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province. China was a modern bibliophile, collator, educator, bibliographer, historian, local chronicler and tablet engraver. China's cultural, educational and scientific circles honored him as the originator of China modern library. Literati in Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty. Miao inherited his family studies, and 1 1 year finished without classics. 17 years old, Taiping Army entered Jiangyin, and her stepmother avoided Huai 'an, studying philology, exegetics and phonology at Li Zheng Academy. 2 1 year-old, moved to Chengdu with his family, studied literature and history, and made textual research. 24-year-old, admitted to Sichuan Province. 1876 was admitted to imperial academy for editing at the age of 33. Since then, it has been compiled for more than ten years.
Sun Quan was born in an official family. He was born smart and inherited his family education from an early age. 1 1 years old, he had finished reading the Five Classics. In September (1September, 860), the Taiping Army occupied Jiangyin, and his stepmother crossed the river and settled in Huai 'an, where she studied at Li Zheng Academy and studied philology, exegetics and phonology under Dean Ding Jianqing. Later his family moved to Chengdu, when he was 265,438+0 years old. He studied literature and history from Yanghutang Yancheng and textual research. In the first year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1867), he was selected in the rural examination in Sichuan, but he was not named because he was not a native of Sichuan. Wu Tang, the late governor, and Yao Yanshi, the staff of Chuandong Road, traveled all over northeast Sichuan looking for stone carvings. Zhang Zhidong, a student of Sichuan Political Department, once worked as a teacher and wrote four volumes of bibliographic answers. Bingzi (1876) was admitted to imperial academy in Qing Dynasty. He is the editor of imperial academy and the editor-in-chief of the Qing History Museum. He also taught in Nanjing, Luoyuan, Longcheng and Zhongshan, and founded Jiangnan Library and Shi Jing Library. He has extensive knowledge, friends and writings, especially in epigraphy and edition catalogue research, and is quite famous in academic circles. In the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, he was as famous as Wang Renqiu, Zhang Jizhi and Zhao Erxun.
The Qing court opened a museum to study history, and Miao was appointed as the editor-in-chief of the Institute of National History. Because her parents (referring to her stepmother) died one after another, Miao took a second leave to go home for camping and burial. Later, due to disagreement with Xu Tong, he resigned as a historian, was called to Wuhan by Zhang Zhidong to study Tongzhi in Hubei, and was hired as the dean of Nanjing Zhongshan Academy to rescue ancient books, with remarkable achievements.
Eight-Nation Alliance invaded China, ceded land for reparations and occupied China, and was called to Wuhan by Zhang Zhidong to discuss the current situation. In order to promote Westernization and reform education, he personally visited Japan. After returning to China, I personally participated in the negotiation of courses, compiled teaching materials, and combined Chinese and Western culture to cultivate a large number of talents. Later, due to the need of establishing Jiangnan Library, he rushed between book collectors in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces and rescued a batch of rare books that were about to flow into Japan, thus saving tens of thousands of books with important literature value and artistic value, making the collection of Jiangnan Library rank first in the country.
1908, Zhang Zhidong was in charge of the academic department, and Li Zhumiao was the librarian. The Qing emperor specially called him to Beijing to establish the Shi Jing Library.
After the outbreak of the Revolution of 1911, Miao resigned and returned to live in southern Shanghai. He was appointed President of the Qing Dynasty, drafted the Case of the Whole History, and was responsible for compiling seven biographies, including The Scholars, Wen Yuan, The Book of Filial Piety, Hermit, Tusi and Chen Yi of Ming Dynasty. Jiangyin continued to compile the county annals, Miao Qin set the outline, and compiled by different people. It took several years to finish this manuscript, and soon he died in an apartment in Shanghai. Therefore, The Continuation of Jiangyin County Records became a generation of famous records after its publication.
Judging from Miao's life, his knowledge and artistic attainments are various, such as his works in history, local chronicles, bibliography, epigraphy, epigraphy appreciation, education, library science and so on. On the other hand, he also made extraordinary contributions to the art of calligraphy. He scrimped and saved a lot of epigraphy rubbings, rare ancient calligraphy and paintings12,000 (pictures), which saved a lot of first-hand information for future generations to study the prosperity of calligraphy art in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, and played a great role in connecting the past with the future for modern calligraphy in China.
It can be said that many scholars, calligraphers and inscriptions born at Miao's time and later benefited directly or indirectly from him. This is because, on the one hand, Miao is knowledgeable and influenced by the new trend of thought, mainly because he browsed 6.5438 million books and went to Japan to inspect education, which brought the latest development abroad to education in the early Republic of China; On the other hand, Miao's collection of thousands of stone rubbings and inscriptions are all famous historical sites, all edited and arranged by himself. They not only study and explore by themselves, but also lend them to others to learn. Contemporary calligraphers and seal engravers have seen the rubbings of famous artists at Miao's place more or less, and later Liu Yizhi, Wu Changshuo, Hu Shi, Liu Haisu, Xu Beihong, Hu Xiaoshi and Miao's have all been to Miao's place. These students eventually received the education and training of many students, and inadvertently passed on Miao's academic thoughts, academic attitudes, calligraphy art and rubbings to their students.