Chalk is a special hard pen, which is made of gypsum powder and chalk soil. It is generally about 9cm long and cylindrical, with one end slightly thicker and the other end slightly thinner. Its nib is not so hard, hard and soft, soft and hard; The pen body is not so strong and easy to break; The handwriting is not so uniform, sometimes thick and sometimes thin.
In addition, it is mainly used to write on the blackboard, thus forming a unique writing method. Chalk calligraphy is widely used in classroom teaching in modern schools and plays an irreplaceable role in other kinds of calligraphy.
A teacher's blackboard writing level not only directly affects the teaching effect, but also affects the students' writing level invisibly. Facts tell us that most students' calligraphy level, even their writing attitude, habits and styles, are imitated from the teacher's classroom blackboard writing.
Teachers with a high level of blackboard writing generally have a higher level of calligraphy for students, on the contrary, teachers with a low level of blackboard writing are harmful. Therefore, writing chalk characters well is an important basic skill for teachers, especially primary and secondary school teachers.
Secondly, chalk calligraphy is one of the main means of people's daily ideological and cultural propaganda. Blackboard newspaper is an indispensable propaganda position for various organs, schools, factories and mines. Only when the chalk characters are written neatly and beautifully can people be happy to read and understand, thus achieving the due publicity effect.
This shows that chalk calligraphy is very important for both teaching and publicity. Some people don't attach importance to chalk calligraphy, and think that teaching and publicity mainly focus on content, and the quality of calligraphy has little to do with it. This idea is one-sided.
This chapter will talk about some preliminary knowledge about chalk calligraphy according to the characteristics of blackboard writing different from other hard pen calligraphy. I. Writing posture and writing method 1. Writing posture The posture of writing chalk characters mainly adopts "standing on the wall", that is, standing facing the upright board to write.
Because the blackboard is generally fixed, so in the process of writing, the feet should constantly change steps and translate. At the same time, with the change of writing process, standing on tiptoe, standing upright, or bending your knees are generally written on the eye level, so that students can see it and get good results. The distance between the body and the board should not be too far or too close. It is best to write freely with your arms.
Too close, it will affect the line of sight and cause the line to be skewed; The distance is too far, the arm is weak, and it can't touch the blackboard surface, which causes the body to lean forward and lose its center of gravity, which affects the writing effect. The right arm holding the pen should not be straight, but should be curved to ensure the maximum swing space.
1. The writing style of chalk is different from other hard pens because of its fragility, short length and standing posture. The writing method of chalk can be summarized as: (1) press.
Press your thumb on the left inner side of the chalk and apply force from the inside out. (2) pressure.
The abdomen of the index finger is pressed against the upper right of the chalk, opposite to the thumb, and the two cooperate with each other to hold the chalk. (3) Here we are.
Touch the lower side of the chalk with the upper side of the first section of the middle finger, and the ring finger and the little finger will naturally be lightly attached to the middle finger. (4) The position of holding the pen is usually 1cm away from the pen tip.
The front end can't be long, it is easy to break, and the back end is wrapped in the palm of your hand. (5) The chalk naturally inclines to the lower right, forming an included angle of about 40o with the blackboard.
The angle should not be too large, and it is forbidden to write vertically. (6) The tightness of the pen should be moderate, which is convenient for turning the chalk and adjusting the nib at any time.
Second, the brushwork chalk is easily worn and inelastic (it is impossible to artificially create elasticity). To write lines with different thicknesses, you need to pay attention to the following two points: ① Rotate the chalk at any time. Because chalk is written on the board, it is very abrasive, and one end of chalk is quickly ground into a small plane. So in the process of writing, you should turn the chalk naturally with your fingers from time to time, so that the sharp corner of the chalk (let's just call it the nib) touches the board.
2 gently put pen to paper. If you use a lighter pen, you only need to use a little force in the heavier part of the stroke.
If the stroke is heavy, you need a lot of strength in the heavy part of the stroke. This writing speed is slow, chalk is easier to break, and fingers are hard and tired. So, don't write too heavily.
The main techniques of chalk stroke writing are: 1, the most commonly used pencil cutting method. That is, the pen is put down in the direction of about 45o with the stroke running direction, and the touch panel is light and fast, so that the pen shape is folded into a square, like a knife cut.
It is usually used to start a "horizontal, vertical and left" painting. 2. The stroke direction is consistent with the stroke direction. The stroke shape of the stroke point is sharp, the stroke is light, and the stroke strength is gradually increasing.
Such as "point, press, left sharp, horizontal". 3. One of the methods of reverse writing.
Brush calligraphy is widely used, that is, chalk falls quickly from the opposite direction of the pen, making the pen shape round. This method can be used for "long horizontal plane".
When starting a pen, the comprehensive use of the method of "cutting, smoothing and reversing" can make the strokes rich and varied and not rigid. For example, not only the length, thickness and spacing of the three horizontal lines of the word "main" can be changed, but also the writing can be changed to avoid similarity.
Use the "cut" method for the upper cross, the "smooth" method for the middle cross, the "reverse" method for the left cross and the "reverse" method for the lower cross. 4. Drag refers to the balance of speed and strength when writing, so as to enhance the friction between chalk and blackboard and make the lines thick, thick and dense.
5. Compared with the "drag" method, the stroke speed is faster, the intensity is lighter, and the lines are light and sharp. It is usually combined with the "inverse" method. First it gains momentum through the "inverse" method, and then it glides.
Mostly used for "long horizontal" midline pen. 6. Lift a finger to lift the pen into the air; First, it refers to the method of using a pen from coarse to fine and from coarse to light.
Often used interchangeably with pressing a pen. 7. Pressing one means that chalk stays on the board for a short time, which is generally used at the turning point of strokes; First, it refers to the brushwork in which strokes change from fine to thick, which is opposite to the "lifting" method.
Both methods of "lifting pressure" are accompanied by the above-mentioned pen technique, and in the writing process of each pen, there is often a lifting pressure, and a second lifting pressure is necessary. Because chalk is not as elastic as brush and pen, the method of "lifting pressure" is particularly important in the writing of chalk characters, so we should practice more in this respect.
Third, the layout of chalk is mainly used in classroom teaching, so it can be determined according to the specific content, which is more flexible and diverse. Generally speaking, it is based on the principle of neatness and order. Usually, the content of blackboard writing is divided into two parts: the front blackboard writing and the auxiliary blackboard writing. The front blackboard is in the left center, and the auxiliary blackboard is on the right side of the blackboard, which is clear at a glance.
2. How to write 1 in chalk? The method of holding a pen and the requirements of using a pen in chalk writing
Chalk is short, loose and easy to break. Because of this feature and the particularity of blackboard placement, chalk writing is different from brush writing and pen writing. The correct way is: the chalk pen is neither vertical nor inclined in the tiger's mouth, but held in the palm of your hand and held with your fingers. Pinch the chalk with the thumb and the first phalanx of the middle finger, press the pen with the tip of the index finger above, and the force point is on the same circumference. The ring finger and the little finger curl naturally side by side with the middle finger. The palm is empty, the knuckles are prominent, the jaw is oval, and the flexion and extension are flexible. Hold the pen so as not to break it. The angle between the pen body and the board surface should be 30.
Second, the methods and steps of chalk writing practice
(1) Start with regular script. The practice of chalk characters should be gradual, from slow to fast, and gradually transition to running script to meet the needs of teaching.
(2) Select copybook. It is best to choose a pen copybook suitable for your own writing characteristics as a reference model for practicing chalk writing.
Third, the problems that should be solved in the practice of chalk characters
(1) Stroke practice
To learn regular script, you must first practice strokes. The quality of strokes directly affects the structural effect of words.
Stroke practice should master the essentials of starting, carrying, turning and collecting pens. Generally speaking, chalk writing requires "horizontal before vertical" and "hidden pen" (pressing pen); The strokes should be steady, the force should be even, and the lines should be strong and smooth. When writing a turning stroke, a pen should pause at the turning point. When writing a curved stroke, the hand should twist the chalk with the bending of the stroke, and the pen should generally have the trend of "returning the pen". Pens such as hook, skimming, lifting and hanging needles should be taken out according to the situation, and the internal force must be kept unchanged, and the force should be sent to the nib.
3. Which poem feels good to write in chalk? Tang Bohu's Song of Peach Blossom Garden.
Taohuawu Taohua Temple, Taohuaguan Taohuaxian;
Peach Fairy cultivates peach trees, picks them and drinks them.
When I wake up, I just sit in front of the flowers, and when I am drunk, I come to sleep under the flowers;
Half awake and half drunk day after day, flowers bloom year after year.
I would rather die of old age than bow before horses and chariots;
Cars and horses are rich and interesting, and hops are poor.
If wealth is compared with the poor, one is in peace and the other is in heaven;
If you are poor, you have to kick me out.
Don't (he) laugh at me for being crazy, I laugh at others for watching * * *;
There are no graves of Hao Jie in Wuling, no flowers, no wine, and no hoes to plow the fields.