Why did Qianlong make six southern tours and eight trips to Jiao Shan?
On the Royal Monument Pavilion in the southeast corner of Tianwang Temple, Dinghui Temple in Jiaoshan, there is an inscription on "You Jiao Shan Ge" written by Emperor Qianlong in the spring of 175 1, which reads: "The golden mountain is like Xie An, and the silk tube is drunk with the spring breeze. "Jiao Shan is like a sage, lying in the east bed and revealing her belly ... If you talk about the true colors of mountains and rivers, I don't care about this."
In the view of Emperor Qianlong, Jiao Shan is slightly better than Jinshan in natural landscape. So, every time he goes south, he goes to Jiao Shan.
So, what's so special about Jiao Shan?
First, the unique natural landscape.
With a height of 70.7 meters and a circumference of more than 2,000 meters, Jiao Shan is the only small island surrounded by water on all sides of the Yangtze River, which is famous for its beautiful scenery, simplicity and elegance.
Because it is surrounded by water, the island is shaded by trees. From a distance, it is beautiful, like a piece of jade floating on the river, and it is known as the "water park" in the south of the Yangtze River.
There are sixteen landscapes on the island, the most poetic of which is "Huayan Moonlight". Because Huayan Pavilion is the best place to enjoy the moon in Cape Mountain, it is named "Hua Yan Yue". Every bright moon, Ran Ran rises and the sky is washed. At this time, the river winds slowly, and the water in Wan Li shines brightly. The moon breaks the river, just like a fairyland.
On the Jiao Shan, there are several places where you can see the magnificent scenery of the Yangtze River.
One is Guanlan Pavilion, where you can enjoy the river view in the attic and have a wide view. From a distance, the river is surging, the waves are lapping on the shore, the waves are undulating and the mountains are beautiful. This is really an excellent painting.
The second is a spectacular pavilion. The name of the pavilion is taken from Li Bai's "I Reach the Top". I investigate the whole world. " Looking at the pavilion from a distance, "the mainstay town is so poor here; Haimen swallows jathyapple and harvests the autumn of the river ",and the mountains and rivers gather together. But when I saw "Jinshan * * this river, the queen mother came to look for the five-color dragon", "I was delighted to see it on the river."
The third is Xijiang Building. Looking from upstairs, there is a green field and criss-crossing buildings in Jiangbei. The green hills in the south of the Yangtze River are lush and the mountains overlap. Overlooking the river, it is endless and endless. The scenery here is very beautiful, and the scenery of the north and south of the river is panoramic, which is refreshing.
Second, the historical and cultural heritage is profound, especially the forest of steles. Because of the large number of inscriptions, it is second only to Xi 'an stele forest, and is called Calligraphy Mountain.
Jiao Shan, formerly known as Qiao Shan. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Jiao Guang lived in seclusion here, hence the name. Emperor Xian of Han heard that he had a high reputation. He asked Jiao Guang to be an official in the mountains three times, but he refused. The world says that "you can't trust three things". He collected herbs and made an alchemy to treat diseases. Later generations changed Chaishan to Jiao Shan in memory of him. This laid the legend of Jiao Shan.
Dinghui Temple in Jiaoshan has a long history and is one of the earliest temples in the south of the Yangtze River. Formerly known as Fusaiji, it was built in Xingping period of the Eastern Han Dynasty with a history of 1800 years. Ji Laishan, a disciple of Master Xuanzang in Tang Dynasty, founded Daxiong Hall, which was changed to Fusaiji in Song Dynasty. In the Yuan Dynasty, it was called Jiaoshan Temple, which was later destroyed by fire. During the Xuande period of the Ming Dynasty, monks realized their original intention of reconstruction. During Kangxi's southern tour of Jiao Shan, he changed the name of the temple to Dinghui Temple, and personally inscribed the name plaque of the temple.
Because Dinghui Temple is hidden in a ravine, there is no situation, so it is called Baoshan Temple.
There are many places of interest in Jiao Shan, such as Wanfo Pagoda, Baishou Pavilion and Biefeng Temple. However, the most famous stone carvings in Jiao Shan are forest of steles and cliffs.
Around the cliffs on the west side of Jiao Shan, cliff carvings are inlaid. They are magnificent, with more than 100 stone carvings since the Six Dynasties. The original site of "the ancestor of Chinese characters"-"Heheming" is here. The Diamond Sutra Poems on Cliff Carvings in Tang Dynasty, Cliff Carvings in Mi Fei in Song Dynasty, and Walking through the Snow to See Harmony by Lu You are all fine works with high collection value.
Now, in this forest of steles, there are more than 400 inscriptions of past dynasties, the number of which is second only to Xi 'an forest of steles, and it is the largest forest of steles in the south of the Yangtze River. The content is extremely rich, including calligraphy, art, historical materials, epitaphs of past dynasties, stone carving art and so on. Among them, the tablet of Master Wei, which was built in the second year of Tang Zhenfeng (677), is called "a wonderful work in the early Tang Dynasty". Its inscription is complete and vigorous, which is a rare Tang monument in China.
In the forest of steles, Yihe Ming, known as the "king of steles", is one of the "two great steles" with high preservation value in China, that is, Yihe Ming in Zhenjiang in the south and Shimen Ming in Luoyang in the north. According to legend, Harmony with heming was written by Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
As the rock collapsed, the stone tablet fell into the river and was damaged. When it was salvaged in the fifty-first year of Kangxi (17 12), only 86 characters were preserved, with 9 defects, but the font was still elegant and vigorous, and calligraphy was of high value.
Scholars and writers of past dynasties have highly appraised the novel Yi He Ming. Huang Tingjian, a famous calligrapher in Song Dynasty, called it "the ancestor of Chinese characters"! Cao Shimian thinks that "Jiao Shan's Yi He Ming is the best calligraphy".
Later calligraphers scrambled to imitate and learn, and Yan Zhenqing became a master of the Tang Dynasty.
At the same time, it also attracted more literati and poets to come here, leaving hundreds of stone tablets. Such as Su Shi, Ouyang Xiu, Lu You, Bai Juyi, Wen Zhiming and Zheng Banqiao. , have left their own words here.
Emperor Qianlong's six southern expeditions and the second visit to Jiao Shan also had a lot to do with the forest of steles. Emperor Qianlong contributed eight imperial monuments to the monument sea.
The reason why ancient calligraphers praised the "stone tablet" is that it is one of the famous stone carvings in which official script evolved into regular script, and it is also an important material for us to study the development history of calligraphy today.
The inscriptions on the forest of steles in Jiaoshan Mountain are very valuable in terms of historical data and artistic value of calligraphy. They are well-known overseas and spread all over the world. Therefore, Jiao Shan is called "the mountain of calligraphy".