The Jinshi of that year made future generations worship. ...
In order to protect the original works, Jiangyin Archives exhibited a copy of Chen Jinshi's answers in the 12th year of Guangxu. Except for the different materials, it is almost a complete copy of the original. The court exam, Emperor Guangxu, got the 37th place, and Jiangyin Jinshi's 2000-word answer sheet made future generations pay homage to him. Take a closer look at the frontispiece. The candidate's name is Chen. "Palace exam juren tang, thirty years old, jiangyin county, changzhou, jiangsu province. Above the frontispiece, you can see a line of scarlet letters, "Dimethyl 34." This was Chen's final achievement when he participated in palace examination.
The staff of Jiangyin Archives Bureau told the reporter: "This achievement has been great." The imperial examination in Qing dynasty was divided into children's examinations presided over by provincial academic administration, and the successful ones were students, commonly known as "Jinshi"; Qin sent examiners to hold township examinations in provincial capitals, and the winner was "Juren"; The winner of the national examination presided over by the Ministry of Rites is "Gong"; Palace examination, presided over by the emperor, is a "Jinshi". "Jinshi points in the top three, one, three, namely, champion, second place and flower detective. There are several people in the top two or three, called "being the first time". As the highest standard examination under the imperial examination system, all candidates in the imperial examination are well-read and well-informed, and ranking second is enough to shine.
The researcher of Jiangyin literature and history told the reporter that Chen, a native of Jiangyin, took the "34th second place" that year, which was equivalent to the 37th place in palace examination. More than 100 years ago, the calligraphy of Xie Chen and Tang Juanxiu left a deep impression on reporters. "This is called pavilion, which is a common font for imperial examinations and writing official documents in the Qing Dynasty." Calligraphy skills have a great influence on candidates' grades, even more important than learning to some extent.
What happened to Guangxu?
What tourists are most concerned about is the court exam of 1886. What questions did Emperor Guangxu give? With the help of people of insight, Jiangyin Archives found relevant records in foreign libraries. It is understood that the opening of the exam question is like this: Fengtian carries freight, and the emperor said: "It has been twelve years since the birth of Britain to the foundation of the work. Relying on the diligent education of Empress Dowager Cixi ... I am here to formulate policies and listen to the joint speech. " In the preface, the theme of the strategy is "the emperor is clean and honest, with ambition as the priority", "the method of using troops is more important than adapting to local conditions, and it is especially important to learn from each other's strengths", which extends to dozens of issues, including the views on a book, who invented a warship, how to win a battle, the advantages and disadvantages of certain money methods and so on.
Finally, there is a summary, "Fu is a political tree, and he also talked about the preparation of soldiers, the foundation of the founding of the country, and Fan Jinzhe's financial management." Do more examples, don't blame, don't merge, I'll see for myself. "There are no questions listed in the examination paper of Chenmiao, and future generations only speculate on" worshiping, repairing military and political affairs, collecting editions and recording, and fixing money "according to the answers.
How should I answer the answer sheet in the palace exam?
The answer card of Chen Imperial Examination in the 12th year of Guangxu displayed in Jiangyin Archives is consistent with the policy topic in form, which is divided into three parts: opening, answering and summarizing. Taking "Emperor's sincerity is the first thing to learn" as an example, Chen believes that "if you want to be concise without exploring the essence of its meaning, you will get nothing even if you take the legacy from the discussion."
Later, Tang listed some famous imperial classics mentioned in The Emperor's Strategy, such as Zhenguan Dignitary, Taiping Yulan and Emperor Xue. , and pointed out that both have their own essentials, but different opinions can be divided into advantages and disadvantages. It can be seen from the answer sheet that Chen has not only read all the books mentioned by the emperor, but also has his own thinking and judgment.
The topic that readers may be concerned about is how to conduct the palace examination. According to the researchers of Jiangyin Archives, the palace examination form of the ancient imperial examination was very simple: the emperor made a policy question and the examinee answered it, which was also called "Golden Temple Countermeasure". On the day before the exam, the minister drew up a number of strategic questions, from which the emperor selected a few, copied them down and printed them into a book. After strict confidentiality, it will be distributed to candidates the next day.
Xiang restaurant
Chen became a diplomat.
The exam that took place in the Baohe Hall of the Forbidden City more than 100 years ago undoubtedly rewrote the fate of more than 200 Jinshi, including Chen. A year later, Chen entered the examination room again.
12 among overseas travel officials.
Jiangyin literature and history researchers said that on June 1887 and 12, a unique examination was held in the Wentong Hall of the International Affairs Office of the Premier of Beijing. "For the first time in China's modern history, the examination for selecting overseas tourism officials began. Different from the traditional imperial examination subjects, this time I didn't take the four books and five classics, nor did I take the eight-part poem. I only made suggestions on history, geography, diplomacy and westernization. " In the competition of dozens of officials with similar ages and official positions, Chen stood out and became one of 12 overseas travel officials. In the following two years, his figure appeared in Britain, France, Algeria and other lands thousands of miles away from the Qing Dynasty.
The scale of study abroad, the distance visited by officials and the number of countries visited are unprecedented. Wherever Chen went, he conducted a lot of investigations, friendly diplomacy and cultural exchanges. After returning to China, he left many meaningful summary and memory materials, including Chen's You Bian. Regrettably, this feat of traveling abroad has become the last trace left by Chen in the official history of the late Qing court.
The first batch of diplomats were two Jiangyin people.
In the interview, the reporter learned through consulting historical materials that Miao Yousun, a native of Jiangyin, took the first examination for selecting overseas travel officials in China's modern history in the 12th year of Guangxu and became the first batch of diplomats.
Miao Yousun (185 1 year-1894), whose real name is You Cen. A native of Jiangyin County, Changzhou Prefecture, Jiangsu Province, he was a political figure, poet, historical geographer and painter in Qing Dynasty. In the eighth year of Guangxu, Renwu Shuntian served as a juror. In the twelfth year of Guangxu, he was born as the 29th scholar in the second subject, with a master's degree in education. Miao Yousun was not satisfied with this position, and was later admitted to the Prime Minister's yamen as a foreign tourist and sent to Russia. September 13, 1887, arrived in Genoa, Italy by boat via Hong Kong and Singapore, and then transferred to the train for St. Petersburg via Berlin, Germany, and arrived on October 23.
Travel around Russia for two years. 1889 returned to China by land via Chaktu. Travelling back and forth for more than 100,000 miles, through land and water, it lasted for winter and summer, crossed obstacles, and overcame the heat and cold. "Seeing the dangers of mountains and rivers, political gains and losses, lack of money, thick troops, regrettable accumulation, few registered permanent residence, and beautiful customs" recorded in detail the expansion of Russian navy, army, military system, battery, railway, narrow road and territory, and explored and excavated it by way of one-day tour. After returning home, he returned to the accounting department. 189 1 year, praised by the prime minister's yamen as "it is helpful to visit the current affairs in detail". In June, he replaced his alternate foreign minister to "make up for any shortcomings" and was awarded four titles. Later, he was appreciated by Zai Feng, the prince of alcohol, and was transferred to Zhang Jing, the government of various countries, as prime minister, and took over the management of Zhang Jing, the Russian stock affairs, and was also in charge of French stock affairs.
Chain connection
Two unexpected discoveries
The reporter learned in the interview that there were two unexpected discoveries about the source of Chen's test paper and Miao Yousun's family background. Researchers from Jiangyin Archives Bureau said that Chen's temple test paper was bought as a gift by a family friend of Chen in Liulichang, Beijing in the 1920s. It may be that after the collapse of the Qing Dynasty, they drifted to the folk with the scattered imperial secretary. Chen Guren regards this paper as a treasure. The staff of Jiangyin Archives took a whole examination paper of Chenzantang Temple with a camera in the home of Chen's descendants many years ago, and printed and mounted it for display in the museum.
Another accident, when the reporter interviewed Miao Zurong, a member of Miao Yousun's clan, showed the genealogy of Miao Bian, the father of China Modern Library, the founder of China Modern Library and the pioneer of modern education in China. It truly describes the source of ancestral wealth. The general idea is that our ancestors were poor and inadvertently dug a cave with gold and silver treasures in the wasteland. Since then, they have become rich from generation to generation. The Miao family spent a lot of money to give their families a good education, and at the same time they continued to help the poor villagers around them. The reporter consulted Wu Canliang, a cultural scholar and retired cultural stationmaster in Shanghai. He said that the story of the source of the Miao family's money has been circulating in his grandparents' generation. It was not until the recent publication of Miao genealogy that it was proved that the rumors were not groundless. He said that Miao ancestors found underground treasures at random when they were in the abandoned pit. These treasures were probably left by the officers and men who fought in Jiangyin that year, and they were not transferred before they were evacuated from Jiangyin.
Wu Canliang said that it is commendable that the Miao family attaches great importance to education after they have money, and many of their descendants became famous and became officials by reading. Moreover, as an honest official, he is very clean. He smiled and said, "Let them be reasonable after learning. The family wealth is rich, and future generations will not care about coveting a little ill-gotten wealth. "