Only by mastering the writing rules of Chinese characters can we draw inferences from others and avoid "thinking and writing", thus improving the writing speed. The writing rules of Chinese characters are more suitable for primary school students in the following two aspects:
1. The writing rules of strokes. There are 8 basic strokes in Chinese character writing, such as dot, horizontal, vertical, skimming, pressing, hooking, folding and lifting. Every Chinese character is composed of basic strokes, so writing strokes well is the basis of writing Chinese characters well. In the process of stroke teaching, students should understand the shape of strokes, understand the strokes, strokes and strokes, as well as the importance, urgency and essentials of strokes, so as to master the standard writing of each basic stroke. The writing rules of strokes include the rules of stroke movement and changes:
(1) the rules of stroke movement. The strokes of regular script have different shapes, but there are three basic steps to write each stroke, namely, writing (heavy or light)-writing (light, straight or curved lines)-closing (or stopping or gently raising the tip). Writing any stroke can't be separated from these three basic steps, but the force parts are different.
(2) the law of change. The strokes of Chinese characters are rich in variety, such as apostrophe, which is written as oblique apostrophe in the word "person", vertical apostrophe in the word "month" and short apostrophe in the word "thousand". These strokes have some changes in different Chinese characters, such as short strokes, and when the prefix appears, the strokes are flat, such as "reverse, grain, back" and so on; However, when it appears in the upper left part of the word, the stroke shape is inclined, such as "life, loss, Zhu" and so on. In the teaching process, teachers should guide students to observe, compare and analyze, and try to figure out the changing law of strokes.
2. Treatment rules of structures. There are many Chinese characters and different glyphs, but there are some rules. The following are the processing rules of three block letters:
(1) Horizontal and vertical. In Chinese characters, horizontal painting and vertical painting account for the largest proportion, which requires correct and stable writing. The concrete manifestation of positive and stable is to be horizontal and vertical. The "horizontal" mentioned here is not an absolute level, but a visual stability. When writing, it is slightly inclined to the left and the right. There are two basic requirements for verticality: there is only a single vertical painting, which requires being straight and straight; There are two symmetrical vertical paintings, which are short and vertical, can show the trend of upper opening and lower closing, are long and vertical, and can be basically parallel.
(2) the spacing is even. In Chinese characters, there are many strokes that are arranged continuously and equally. The distance between one painting and another should be kept even, and it should not be big and small, tight and loose. For example, the word "Cao" has seven horizontal paintings, and the gap between horizontal paintings should be even.
(3) there is a difference between primary and secondary. This rule has two meanings: one is to highlight the main pen. In a word, one stroke is often the main one. Generally speaking, the position of the main pen is often the top cover, horizontal waist, bottom support and vertical center line of the word. Highlighting this stroke, the words appear smooth and full of spirits. For example, the word "fish", the last horizontal line is the main pen, so it is necessary to write a little longer when writing. The second is to highlight the main body. A word is composed of two or more parts, one of which is in the leading position, and the other parts are contracted and accommodated, so as to highlight the key points and stabilize the font. For example, the word "eye", "gen" is the main body of the whole word, and the word "eye" will be written tightly.
2. Develop good writing habits
1. Write correctly. Whether you write correctly or not directly affects the flexibility of writing and the speed of writing. In previous teaching, many teachers' understanding of writing posture only stayed on the "three ones", that is, the chest is one punch away from the table, the eyes are one foot away from the book, and the hands are one inch away from the pen tip. The most critical writing style is often not mentioned. The correct way to hold a pen should be: hold a pen with your right hand, and hold the left and right sides of the pen tube with your thumb and forefinger relative to each other about one inch away from the pen tip. The thumb cannot press on the forefinger, and the joint between the thumb and forefinger naturally bends; The first section of the middle finger is padded at the lower end of the pen holder; The ring finger and the little finger are naturally bent to the palm of your hand in turn and placed under the middle finger; The back end of the pen leans against the tiger's mouth near the root of the index finger, making a 5-degree angle with the paper. The five fingers are natural and powerful, and the palm should be empty.
2. Think before you write. Many primary school students are used to writing while watching, that is, writing one stroke at a time or writing one part at a time, which not only affects the beauty of words, but also greatly reduces the speed of writing. Of course, children who are new to school can't "write while watching", but when students have a certain writing foundation, they must be helped to form the habit of "thinking before writing". "Thinking" mainly refers to carefully observing the changes of strokes and the treatment of structure, analyzing the rules of stroke order, and achieving "intentional writing first" and "observing carefully and writing in one go".
3. Keep a good mood. Keeping a good mood when writing can effectively improve the speed of writing. When writing, you should hold your chest and abdomen, smile, be happy, breathe smoothly and be highly focused. At the same time, quiet environment is also very important. Nowadays, some teachers play some light music while students are writing. The author thinks that it is easy to distract students, which is not conducive to the quality of writing, but also affects the speed of writing. When students are writing, teachers should not speak loudly at will to interfere with students' writing.
4. Keep practicing. To improve writing speed, proficiency is the foundation. First of all, practice often. This requires that in the process of classroom teaching, teachers must leave time for students to practice writing, especially in junior Chinese classes, and strive to leave enough time for students to practice writing in each class, and put forward appropriate speed requirements. The second is skillful practice. Attention should be paid to guiding students to sum up the differences and connections between words, to know and master the similarities of the same kind of words, to guide a word, to practice under the guidance of rules, to experience the rules in practice, and to use the rules to better guide practice, to consolidate and improve writing skills, so as to improve students' writing speed. This article was published in the 1th issue of Chinese Teachers in Primary Schools in 25)
(1: Choosing the right copybook
Copying copybooks is the only way to learn calligraphy, and it is also an effective and good way. There are two kinds of copybooks copied, one is a brush copybook and the other is a pen copybook. When learning pen calligraphy, you should copy the pen copybook, and the effect of copying the brush copybook is also very good. Because most brush copybooks have high artistry, in addition to their precise stippling, clear thickness and clear context, they also have the advantages of beautiful structure and perfect composition, which is beneficial to beginners' learning. In addition, the brush copybook is rich in varieties and styles, and it is also easy to choose and use. It's just that the lines of the brush copybook are thick, while the pen handwriting is sharp, so when copying, you should remove its flesh and blood and take its bones and muscles.
2. Copying copybooks
(1) Selecting copybooks. Choose a copy of your favorite copybook with neat stippling and well-proportioned structure to copy. If it is a brush copybook, you should choose a copybook with a smaller font, which can save the time of shrinking.
(2) Copy first, then copy, and copy together. When learning Chinese characters, copy first, then copy, and copy together. The so-called copying is to put the copybook under a relatively transparent calligraphy paper and draw red with a pen according to the words on the copybook. It is required that the handwriting of the pen should not go beyond the brush strokes, but should be written in the middle of the stippling on the copybook. In this way, over time, it is easy to learn the structure of the words on the copybook. The so-called pro is to put the copybook next to the calligraphy paper; Draw a gourd according to the words on the post. It is required that stippling be written in a vivid way, with changes in light and heavy rhythm and thickness. In this way, over time, it is easy to learn the meaning of the words on the copybook. Because copying is more difficult than copying, it is necessary to copy before copying. Because copying and copying are two complementary means of learning Chinese characters, it is necessary to combine copying and copying step by step.
(3) Read and paste carefully. Furthermore, read the post carefully before copying. How to write the words on the post by stippling, how to arrange the structure and how to arrange the rules, we should carefully ponder and find out the rules, so that it is easy to write with interest, and it is easy to write well. When copying, don't be greedy for more and be quick. Stick to it for an hour or two every day and copy a few words repeatedly, so that you will get real gains. For words that are difficult to write, it is even more necessary to learn from the difficulties, copy more and compare more.
(4) besides copying, you should also know how to recite, memorize and use. Reciting means writing without reading the post, so that you can write the words on the post without reading the post, and strive to be beautiful; The core is to check the words written on the back with the words on the post. See if there are any mistakes, and be good at finding your own shortcomings, so as to correct them; Use is practice, applying what you have learned to real life, and consolidating and improving what you have learned in practice.
(5) learn from others. After copying a copybook, you should learn from others and present some other copybooks.