The formation of the style of calligraphy and painting era is closely related to the political economy, living habits and material conditions at that time, that is to say, it is inseparable from its background. Such as writing, there have been many changes since ancient times. Before the Song Dynasty, people wrote and sat on the floor, holding simplified Chinese books in one hand and waving them in the other. Later, they used high tables, and the posture of their hands and arms and the method of writing changed. Later, due to the prevalence of the imperial examination system and the examination regulations in different periods, different requirements were put forward for calligraphy.
Although writing in lower case was stipulated in Ming Dynasty, calligraphy and painting were not restricted. Due to the limited range of writing activities, the distance between the finger holding tube and the pen is getting closer and closer, and the arm is also attached to the console table. After Kangxi, the examination papers in Qing dynasty were more strict, requiring neat lines, symmetrical characters, horizontal and vertical, bright and round, so even the wrists were close to the desktop, forming the so-called pavilion style.
Although this phenomenon belongs to the category of official career in the imperial examination, it is a scholar in the wild and a monk and Taoist priest. Due to the influence of various relationships, the atmosphere of that period is often reflected invisibly.
Introduction to Fu Shan:
Fu Shan (1607- 1684) was a thinker and calligrapher in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The first name is Chen Ding, the word green bamboo, and the word green owner has been changed. There are also aliases such as Zhenshan, Zhuo Weng and Shen Shi, Han nationality, from Taiyuan, Shanxi. Ming Zhu Sheng. Ming became a monk, lived in seclusion in the earth room and adopted his mother. Kangxi raved about Hongbo and resigned many times. When he arrived in Beijing, he claimed to be an old problem and came back without trying. Gu is convinced of his ambition. He knows everything about learning, besides classics and history, he is also familiar with the pre-Qin philosophers and is good at calligraphy and painting medicine. He is the author of "Frosty Red Little Students Collection" and so on.
In some martial arts novels, Fu Shan is described as a martial arts expert. He is a famous scholar who knows everything about philosophy, medicine, Confucianism, Buddhism, poetry, calligraphy, painting, epigraphy, martial arts and textual research. He was regarded as a model figure in safeguarding national unity in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. Together with Gu, Huang Zongxi, Wang Fuzhi, Li Qing and Yan Yuan, Liang Qichao called them "six great masters in the early Qing Dynasty". He wrote "Gynecology in Fu Qingzhu" and "Andrology in Fu Qingzhu", which were handed down from generation to generation and were known as "medical sages" at that time.