Wu Yun (469 ~ 520) was a writer in the Southern Liang Dynasty. Uncle Zi. Xing Wu passed away (now Anji County, Zhejiang Province). Born in poverty, he was very talented and appreciated by Shen Yue. Metaphors are often used in his poems to express feelings of incompetence, anger and injustice, or to praise the heroism of soldiers who have contributed to the country, which has certain social content. Calligraphy has its own system, called "Wu Junti", which creates a generation of poetic style. In literature, he advocated "parallel prose". He is studious and talented, and his poems are highly praised by Shen Yue. At the beginning of Liang Wudi Tianjian, it was written by the monarch. Tian Jian six years (507), Jian 'an Wang Xiaowei was cited as the archives. Later, he was appointed as an invitation of the court. Liang Wudi was dismissed for writing Qi Chunqiu privately. Soon after, he was ordered to write a general history and died before writing it.
The Biography of Wu Jun in Liang Shu described him as "quaint in style", which was quite influential at that time and was called "Wu Jun Style". There are more than 140 poems today, most of which are friends' answers and farewell works. Harmonious phonology and beautiful style belong to the typical Qi-Liang style; But the language is clear and fluent, the allusions are appropriate, and it's okay to pile them up. Wu Jun is good at depicting the surrounding scenery to render parting. Such as "Send Liu Zhuting Collection" and "Evening Fish Pavilion Play, Curtain Rain □ Fun". White clouds come and go, and the breeze is negative. Wandering around cattle and sheep, it is dark and ugly ",and the scene of Shan Ye in the hazy twilight highlights the sad atmosphere of parting. Another example is "light clouds travel far, drizzle bathes the mountain clothes", "Liaochuan is dark during the day, and the yellow dust is long and shocking", and the scenery is very detailed. Wu Yun paid great attention to learning from Yuefu folk songs, and wrote many ancient Yuefu poems, such as it is hard to go, No One Walks in the Huli and Joining the Army. Although the rhetoric is gorgeous, it is full of vigor and freshness, and there are many thoughts of Bao Zhao. Some of his five-character poems, such as "You follow the green waves, I follow the breeze" and "Fold the lotus to cover it and feather it into silk", are also full of folk songs. Wu Jun was born in a poor family, and he was neither arrogant nor impetuous all his life. In some of his works, he often shows the ambition and backbone of a poor man. For example, in "To Wang Guiyang", "Pine trees grow several inches long and are defeated by grass. You can't know the frost until you see the heart of the cage cloud. Using pine trees to express the grievances of talented people is very similar to Zuo Si's Pine at the Bottom of a Depressed Valley and Tao Yuanming's Pine in the East Garden. Another example is "Plum Blossom Falls" and "Farewell to a New Forest", which also implicitly express the desire to make a difference. In addition, such as "Four Commanders in the Border Town", it praised the heroic spirit of the soldier "Gao Qi entered Korea and Africa and wrote with a whip"; Forever in my heart describes the homesickness of people's families, which has realistic content and is rare in poetry at that time.
The Book with Zhu is a landscape prose.
[Edit this paragraph] Original text
The wind and smoke are clean, and the Tianshan Mountains are colorful. Floating from the stream, anything. From Fuyang to Tonglu, it is unparalleled in the world.
The water is blue, and thousands of feet bottoms out. You can swim with the fine stones and look directly at them. If fierce wave rushes, how fast the arrow will go.
On the high mountain near the coast (the current new textbook uses "Zhang"), the cold tree was born, and the negative potential competed for the high-fingered peak. Spring rock, crisp; Good birds sing, they rhyme. Cicadas are endless, and apes are endless. People flying in the sky, watching the peaks rest; He who is in charge of the affairs of the world looks at the valley and forgets to betray. The horizontal branches are covered, and the day is still faint; The thin strips set each other off, and sometimes the sun shines.
Zhu is a work of Song Dynasty, named Yushan and life is unknown, which is selected from Literary and Art Newspaper. This is a fragment of a letter written by Wu Jun to Zhu.
Music reading:/czyw/jszx/tbjxzy/kjzy/bx/200801/w020080109516374246569.mp3
[Edit this paragraph] Text comments
1 From Collection of Literature and Art (Zhonghua Book Company, 1982 Edition), Volume 7. Wu Jun (469-520), uncle. Xing Wu passed away (now Anji County, Zhejiang Province). Liang writers and historians in the Southern Dynasties.
2. All: All
3. Net: Exhausted
4.*** Color: Same color.
5. Floating from the stream, drifting (by boat). Follow, follow, follow.
6. To: To
7. Xu: Probably, it means approximate quantity.
8. Unique: Unique
9. Light blue: white with blue.
10. Fast flowing water.
1 1. look straight: keep looking, there is no obstacle. Like a clear and transparent river.
12. Extraordinary arrows: more than arrows, faster than arrows. What: better than.
13. If: It seems so.
14. Ben: This refers to a galloping horse.
15. cold tree: let people see a cold tree, which means the tree is green.
16. contending with negative potential: (mountain) contending with mountain potential. Negative: by virtue. Competition: competition
17. Feng Xuan: Gao Yuan. Used here as a verb, it is much higher than height.
18. Point directly above. Refers to: upward.
19. Qianfeng: It means to form countless peaks.
20. Impulse: Impulse
2 1. Make a crisp sound. Lingling, onomatopoeia, describes the clarity of underwater sound.
22. Xiangming: Harmony without difference.
23.(yρng) Rhyme: It means that the sound is harmonious and beautiful. Melody, birdsong. Rhyming, harmonious voice.
24. Kilograms: Long-term continuous calls. Thousands means a lot. Turn, preach "wow", birds crow.
25. Endless: it means "endless". As opposed to "not poor" in the previous sentence.
26. Kites fly to the sky: It means eagles fly to the sky. Here, this sentence is used to describe those who strive for fame and fortune. According to ancient records, a kite is a bird similar to an owl. Some people say it is a fierce bird, similar in shape to an eagle. Crime, to.
27. Look at the peak and relax: Seeing the peak here will calm down the pursuit of fame and fortune. Rest: Calm down.
28. Handler: A person who handles government affairs. Economy, planning and management.
29. Forget the valley: When you see (these beautiful) valleys, you will linger. Reverse: Pass it back. Peep: Look.
30. Cross-sectional shadow: Trees with cross slopes have shadows on them. Ke, the branches of trees. Cover: cover
3 1. It is still yellow during the day: even during the day, it is as black as dusk. Daytime: Daytime. Jude: I still like it
32. Meet each other: sparse branches cover each other. Cross: mutual.
33. See you: See you with "now".
34. Day: Sun, sunshine.
[Edit this paragraph] Translation
The wind and smoke are gone, and the sky and the distant mountains are the same color. I go with the flow in a small boat, sometimes east and sometimes west. From Fuyang county to Tonglu county, it is about 100 miles away, and the unique landscape is unique in the world.
The river is turquoise and the deep water is crystal clear. Fish and fine stones can be seen clearly without obstacles. The swift water is faster than an arrow, and the surging waves are as fierce as galloping horses.
The mountains on both sides of the river are covered with lush tall trees. Depending on the mountain situation, they are racing upward, as if they are racing to the heights and extending to the distance. (They) compete with each other and point to (the sky), forming hundreds of peaks. The spring rushed to the stone and made a crisp sound; Beautiful birds sing in harmony with each other and sing harmonious and beautiful voices. Cicada sings for a long time (in the tree), and ape sings all the time (in the mountain). Those who struggle for fame and fortune will calm their hearts when they see (these magnificent) peaks; People who deal with government affairs will linger when they see (these beautiful) valleys Oblique branches cover it, even during the day, it is as dark as dusk, and dense branches cover each other, and sometimes the sun can be seen.
[Edit this paragraph] Appreciate
"The beauty of mountains and rivers has existed since ancient times." There are so many beautiful mountains and rivers that have attracted countless poets and poets to write poems and compose music, leaving many well-known landscape masterpieces for today. Among them, Wu Yun, a famous parallel prose writer in the Southern Dynasties, vividly described the beautiful scenery along the Fuchun River with only 144 words, and was regarded as a masterpiece of parallel prose. Reciting this article, but the beauty of scenery, emotion, words and chapters, such a short space, gives people a sense of beauty and is amazing. The full text not only reflects the beauty of mountains and rivers with human feelings, but also expresses contempt for secular officialdom and those who pursue fame and fortune, implicitly revealing the noble and intelligent interest of loving beauty and nature and retiring from the world.
First, the artistic conception is beautiful
At the beginning of the article, with simple brushstrokes, the background of Fuchun River landscape is outlined: sunny, clear sky, Wan Li, fresh air and green mountains, and the overall impression of Fuyang to Tonglu water upstream is summarized: "Strange mountains and different waters, chinese odyssey".
The second paragraph is "different water". First, grasp its "light green" characteristics and write its crystal-clear static beauty: this water seems to be transparent, which can be seen at a glance, even the fish swimming around and the fine stones at the bottom can be seen at a glance. Then, through exaggerated metaphor, the dynamic beauty of its fast-flowing fierce wave is outlined: this water is sometimes fast-flowing, and it is breathtaking. In this way, there is movement in silence, and the combination of movement and static shows the beautiful and spectacular beauty of Fuchun River, highlighting the word "different".
The third paragraph says "Wonder Mountain". First of all, from the point of view of form, the strangeness of writing the mountain itself lies in "competing against the potential" and "competing for height" Yamamoto is still the same, but in the author's pen, it seems to have endless vitality to make progress. They seem to have left the earth and headed straight for the sky. If they want to go up, they will become "thousands of peaks and valleys" with overlapping mountains. Secondly, from the perspective of sound, write the wonder of empty mountains and the sound of nature. In the empty valley and deep mountains, springs tinkle, birds sing cicadas and apes cry. These cheerful voices converge into an ode to life, turning this silent valley into a lively, harmonious, happy and peaceful world. There are these lives in the mountains, and these lives give this mountain unlimited vitality. Thirdly, from the perspective of color, write the wonders of the sun in the mountains. Although it is sunny outside the mountain, it is a different scene inside. The author's brushwork changed from dynamic to static, and wrote a gloomy picture of the valley with dense branches and leaves and shaded by thick shade, and only "sometimes seeing the sun" during the day. In this passage, the color of the mountain voice is closely related to the word "strange".
Grasping the characteristics of this mountain and water, the author skillfully combines motion and stillness, sound and color, light and shadow, and paints a vibrant landscape for readers, so that readers can fully appreciate the "beauty of mountains and rivers" on both sides of Fuchun River.
Second, the beauty of interest
This paper is mainly about scenery writing, and there are few languages to write lyric records directly. But excellent articles have always paid attention to the coexistence of scenes. From the author's description of the scenery and a few words about impressions, we can appreciate the author's elegant taste and noble feelings. We can feel a kind of freedom, freedom and freedom from the first sentence "go with the flow, anything will do"; From the description of the scenery, I realized the author's love for nature and freedom and praise for vitality. What is even more admirable is that when describing the mountain scenery, the author inserted two words of testimony: "Those who fly kites against the sky look at the peak and rest their hearts;" He who is in charge of the affairs of the world looks at the valley and forgets to betray. "These feelings not only set off the breathtaking charm of dangerous peaks and valleys from the side, but also conveyed the author's contempt for fame and fortune and his boredom with official career.
After careful consideration, the author's interest is not only different from active entry into the WTO, but also different from passive seclusion. It is a kind of admiration for relaxation and nature, a yearning for freedom and harmony, and a tribute to a happy life. It is less serious than the former, more natural and unrestrained, less pessimistic and more cheerful than the latter, so its mentality is more common, more acceptable and cordial.
Third, the language is beautiful.
Parallel prose is a formal style. The author Wu Yun is a famous parallel prose writer in the Southern Dynasties. His masterpiece A Letter with Zhu naturally keeps the characteristics of parallel prose. The article basically follows the requirements of parallel prose, mainly using four sentences and six sentences, and using a lot of antithetical sentences in the second half of the article, such as "Spring Rock makes a cold sound; Good birds sing in unison. ""cicadas are endless, apes are endless. " In this way, the expression effect of neat sentence patterns, harmonious phonology, ideological contrast and interest in each other is achieved, and it is catchy to read and has a strong sense of rhythm.
However, this paper is different from the general parallel prose at that time, which broke the shackles of parallel prose form to a certain extent and embodied valuable breakthroughs and innovations. First, in the four sentences and six sentences, "those who fly kites against the sky, look at the peak and rest;" The sentence pattern of alternating five-character and four-character avoids the disadvantages of rigid parallel prose and makes the language lively and free; Secondly, there is almost no duality in the first half of the article, which is no different from general prose (especially the first section). The second half is basically neat antithetical sentences with flexible and rhythmic language. Third, the article didn't pile up allusions like ordinary parallel prose, and even deliberately used cold words to write landscapes, trying to be accurate and vivid, so that the language of the article appeared fresh, natural, vivid and smooth, and stood out among the mainstream parallel prose at that time.
Fourth, the structure is beautiful.
Although Zhu Yu's books are short in length, they are also well organized.
The first paragraph of the article leads the whole article with the word "strange mountain and strange water, chinese odyssey", while the second and third paragraphs are divided into two aspects: "strange water" and "strange mountain", which are described around the word "unparalleled", with clear structural outline and distinct context.
The order of scenery description is "water" first and then "mountain", from near to far, spread out layer by layer, which is in line with the viewing habit of "drifting from the stream" and is well organized.
In the focus of landscape description, the full text details "mountain" and slightly writes "water"; Write the part of "water", the details are static, and the dynamics are slightly written; Write the "mountain" part, write the dynamic part in detail, and write the static part slightly. This not only highlights the main features of the scenery, but also appears meticulous and decent.
Reading this book with Zhu is like reading a good poem, because it is not only poetic with meaningful words and harmonious syllables, but also full of fresh and elegant poetry; Reading "The Book with Zhu" is like enjoying a landscape, because it has a unique landscape and is more clear and free. In a word, this article has beautiful scenery and beautiful words, which can give us beautiful enjoyment and spiritual pleasure.