Parties like this were common in the society at that time and among these people at that time. It happened that this time, drunken Wang Xizhi wrote the famous preface to Lanting, which made this party shine in history. In this calligraphy work, the calligraphy achievement is greater than the writing achievement, even greater than all the poems in the whole collection of poems. Later generations called it the first running script.
To say that this Lan Xiang rally was originally a poetry rally, how could it be related to the mediation of political struggle?
Look at the results of the rally first.
During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, there were many aristocratic families, who advocated clear talk, romantic celebrities, metaphysics and Buddhism. At that time, every year on the third day of Ji Chun (usually on the third day of March), officials and people would swim by the water's edge, which was an ancient ceremony of blessing for disaster relief. This traditional folk custom is called "Xiu".
The Book of Rites of the Later Han Dynasty contains the word "praise" (praise is a blessing ceremony for ancient disaster relief), which says: "On the fourth day of the fourth lunar month, officials and people were all clean in the east water, saying that it was great to wash away dirt." Removing dirt is removing old diseases.
In the Moody period of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, on the third day of March in the ninth year of Yonghe (AD 353), Wang Xizhi, a general of literature and history and the right army of Huiji, invited 4/kloc-0 people, including Xie An and Sun Chuo, to "repair the tomb" in Yinshan Lanting (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). 4 1 people, including famous literati at that time and senior military and political officials, asked everyone to write poems at this rally.
In this way, I finally wrote 37 poems, including
Wang Xizhi, Xie An, Xie Wan, Sun Chuo, Xu, Wang, Wang Binzhi and Yuan all wrote two poems.
There are Tan, Wang, Hua Mao, Yan You,,, Xie Yi,, Sun Si, Cao Maozhi,,
Others, because they failed in poetry, were fined three cups each.
Finally, the 37 poems written were compiled into a collection of poems called Preface to Lanting Collection. Finally, Wang Xizhi was recommended to preface this collection of poems, so there was a more famous calligraphy work "Preface to Lanting" than the poems in the collection of poems. The Preface to the Orchid Pavilion narrates the beauty of the landscape around the Orchid Pavilion and the joy of the party, and expresses the author's feelings about the impermanence of life and death.
Wang Xizhi was slightly drunk when he wrote Preface to Lanting, but he had a profound knowledge of calligraphy. He used his best center to write a 28-line regular script with 324 words. People are sensitive, relaxed and fascinated when they read Wang Xizhi's running script, and some people are afraid and ashamed.
Before the ink was dry, friends unanimously praised Wang Xizhi, saying that it was an unprecedented masterpiece from the perspective of articles and calligraphy. Wang Xizhi doesn't value everyone's praise. He just thought it was a compliment from his friends.
Later, Wang Xizhi woke up and carefully read his Preface to Lanting, which was much more wonderful than his previous calligraphy.
Later, he rewrote the preface, but felt it was not as exquisite as the original. He rewrote it several times in succession, but he still lost the essence of the original. Preface to Lanting Collection has become a masterpiece through the ages.
Let's look at the people who attended the rally.
A total of 42 people participated in the Lanting gathering, including the main literati families in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and more than 20 military and political dignitaries. The Wangs,,, Jia, Yu,, and so on are all here.
The Wangs were the most present: Wang Xizhi, Wang, Wang Huanzhi, Wang,, (Wang Xizhi was present with six sons, and Wang Xianzhi was less than 65,438+00 years old), as well as Wang Binzhi (assistant of the powerful minister Yin Hao), Wang Yunzhi and Wang Fengzhi.
Xie Jia: Xie An, Xie Wan, Xie Yi, Xie Gui, Xie Teng;
Yoga Yu: Yu Yun, Yu You;
Jia Huan: Wei Huan (son of the powerful minister at that time)
Jia: Tan (Wang Xizhi's brother-in-law, there is a historical record that the original book of Preface to Lanting is in his tomb)
Sun Jia: Sun Chu, Sun Tong and Sun Si.
Xu, Yuan, Hua Mao,, Cao Maozhi,, Zhuo Fang, Yang Mo, Kong Chi, Gu Yu, Lao Yi, Hou Mian, Huayi, Ren Ning, Lu Xi, Lu Ben and Cao Li.
Among the 42 participants, 22 have military background and 3 hold important positions in the front line.
Political reasons for the rally
Back in 339 AD, Wang Dao, a great teacher and prime minister, died, and the glory of Wang Langya suddenly fell to Wang Xizhi, who was only 18 years old. At this time, Wang Xizhi has been recommended as the son-in-law of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, just like a rising political star in Ran Ran.
Standing in front of him is Huan Wen. Huan Wen's father, Huan Yi, played an important role in pacifying the Wang Dun Rebellion. At that time, although Huan Wen was only 27 years old, he was already a civil servant of Langya and a general of the auxiliary country. He also married Princess Nankang, Si Mashao's daughter, Jin Mingdi, Sima Yue's great-uncle and a veritable royal relative.
Huan Wen prefers politics to Wang Xizhi. After the death of Sima Yue in 344 AD, Sima Dan succeeded to the throne. Only one year later, Huan Wen was promoted to General Anxi and Jingzhou Secretariat. He was the commander-in-chief of Jing Siyong, who benefited a lot from the military affairs of six states in Liang Ning, and took care of a captain who was a barbarian, and actually mastered the military power in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.
The imperial power of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which was always dissatisfied with the aristocratic families, represented the Sima family. At this time, in order to fight against the traditional old aristocratic Xie Wang family, and at the same time curb the constant family power, a new force began to be cultivated, so Yin Hao was found.
Yin Hao was born in Changping County (now Xihua County, Henan Province). Yin Hao accepted the call of Sima Yu, king of Huiji, and worshipped General Jianwu and Yangzhou Secretariat. In order to compete with Wen.
The rise of Yin Hao intensified the internal contradictions in the imperial court. He Heng's family has conflicts of interest with Wang, Xie, Shi and Yu. In particular, the contradiction with constant temperature is even more incompatible.
So, at this time, Wang Xizhi, as the leader of the old aristocracy, began to ponder the mediation meeting of political forces. On the one hand, he wants to prove to the newly rising Yin Hao and Hengjia that my family power in Xie Wang is still there, so don't be too ostentatious. On the other hand, it is suggested that the two sides of the strait stop internal struggles and unite with the outside world. After all, the northern minorities were the main contradiction at that time.
In this way, in order to adjust the political contradictions, taking the members of the Poetry Society as an opportunity, Lanting gathered momentum. On the third day of March of that year, under the leadership of Wang Xizhi, many representatives of the old nobles at that time were brought together, including Wang Jia, Jia Jia and Yu Jia, and also invited Hengwei, the son of Constant Temperature, and Wang Binzhi, the assistant of Yin Hao representing the Wangs. Judging from the results, it should also be held successfully. Because after that, the Eastern Jin court was basically calm.
By the end of the year, in the winter of Yonghe nine years, under the mediation of Wang Xizhi, the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which had no internal contradictions for the time being, sent Yin Hao to lead a large-scale northern expedition with 70,000 troops. Intention to unify the north. Restore the glory of the early Western Jin Dynasty.
What Wang Xizhi didn't expect was that
It's a pity that people are not as good as heaven. Yin Hao's Northern Expedition ended in a crushing defeat.
When Yin Hao arrived in Xuchang, he met Zhang Yu's rebellion, and Xie Shang was defeated again, so he had to return to Shouyang. After that, he marched again and stationed in Shansang, which coincided with the rebellion of Yao Xiang (the striker when Yin Hao set out). Yin Hao timid, leaving the trench, retreat to Joe county. Yao Xiang seized all the equipment and materials, and the foot soldiers suffered numerous casualties, especially the traitors. Yin Hao sent Liu Qi and Wang Binzhi to attack Yao Xiang in Shansang, and both of them were killed by Yao Xiang. In this way, the northern expedition, in the internal rebellion, directly failed.
Yin Hao's failure, let constant temperature seized the handle, wrote a letter of blame, and finally Yin Hao brought it down. At this point, the Eastern Jin Hengjia gained the upper hand. Successfully defeated Xie Wang.
Finally, a few decades later, constant temperature Xuan directly usurped Jin and suggested Hengchu. Although Hengchu lasted only a few months, it further pushed the civil strife in the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the extreme and pushed the Eastern Jin Dynasty to history. Because after the Eastern Jin Dynasty destroyed the rebellious Hengchu, in less than twenty years, the Eastern Jin Dynasty was completely destroyed!