Latin scientific name red bean. et Wils。
Chinese name red bean tree
Latin surname of Leguminosae
Chinese name legume
Protection level 3
Distributed in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hubei, Guizhou (Chishui), Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu (Wenxian).
The situation is getting more and more dangerous. Red bean tree, also known as red sandalwood, is distributed in the middle subtropical zone and northern China. Because of its high economic value, this tree species is often cut down and used by purchasing departments and people in producing areas, resulting in narrower distribution range and fewer and fewer adult trees. At present, only a few big trees remain near temples and villages.
Altitude lower limit (m) 200
Height limit (m) 900, maximum 1350.
Morphological characteristics are semi-evergreen trees, more than 20 meters high, DBH 1 meter; Young tree bark is grayish green, with grayish white lenticels, and old bark is dark grayish brown; Branchlets are green and colorless. Odd pinnate compound leaves, length10-15cm; 5-7 leaflets, 9 sparse leaflets, nearly leathery, elliptic-ovoid, oblong or rectangular, sparsely obovate, 5-12cm long, 2.5-5.5cm wide, pointed at the top, broad wedge-shaped or obtuse at the base, hairless, and yellowish green at the lower part. Panicle terminal or axillary, inflorescence axis hairy; Flowers bisexual, 5 out; Calyx campanulate, densely yellowish brown pubescent; Corolla white or reddish, slightly fragrant; Ovary glabrous. The pod is flat, leathery or woody, nearly round, 4-6.5 cm long and 2.5-4 cm wide, with a beak at the top and no mesocarp, and contains seeds1-2; The seed is bright red, bright, nearly round, long 1.3-2 cm, and the hilum is about 9 mm long.
Features are mostly distributed in hills, low mountains, rivers and villages. The climate in the distribution area is warm and humid, with abundant rainfall, cool and rainy summer and high air humidity. According to the meteorological data of Longquan distribution area in Zhejiang Province, the annual average temperature is 65438 05.3℃, the July average temperature is 25℃, the1October average temperature is 65438 4℃, the extreme minimum temperature is -8.4℃, and the extreme maximum temperature is 35.6℃. The annual precipitation is about 1900 mm, and the average relative humidity is 80%. The soil is mainly red soil with a pH of 4.5-5.6. In the natural community structure, it is located in the upper part of the tree crown and is often mixed with Cinnamomum camphora and Phoebe bournei. Liquidambar formosana, Ilex purpurea and Cyclobalanopsis glauca. Red bean trees like humidity and shade tolerance when they are young, and like light after middle age. Cold tolerance is a species distributed in the northernmost latitude of this genus. It requires moderate soil fertility, but high water content. In valleys, foothills, Shuikou and other places with fertile soil and good water conditions, it grows fast and has good dry shape; On dry hillsides and hilltops, growth is not good. The taproot is obvious, the root system is developed, the life span is long, it has germination ability, and it can be planted and regenerated naturally. Leaf buds germinated in the middle and late March and began to spread in early April; Flowering in April-May, pod ripening in September-65438+1October. This variety bears fruit late, once every other year.
Red bean tree with conservation value is endemic to China, and it is a precious tree species with high economic value. Wood is hard, shiny, smooth in section and unique in pattern, which can be used for high-grade furniture, craft carving, special decoration and inlay. This is an excellent garden tree with a cool crown.
Protection measures: In areas where the distribution of this species is relatively concentrated (such as Huangshantou and Linggen in Longquan, Zhejiang Province), red bean trees should be protected, artificial logging should be strictly controlled, artificial propagation should be actively carried out, and afforestation bases should be established. Some forest farms in Zhejiang and the south have been planted in pieces.
The key point of cultivation is to reproduce with seeds. For seed collection, you should choose a strong mother tree that is more than 25-30 years old. When the pod is about to crack, we should collect it After drying in the shade, the seeds should be driven out, bagged or stored in sand. The seed coat is hard and impermeable. Treatment with hot water or concentrated sulfuric acid before sowing can bruise the seed coat, germinate early and improve the germination rate. 1 year-old seedlings are 40 cm high and can be planted before germination in spring. It is advisable to choose the lower part of hillside, ravine and river alluvial land with deep soil layer, fertile soil and good water conditions for afforestation. In the year of afforestation, prevent rats.
Ginkgo tree
Ginkgo tree-commonly known as Ginkgo tree, also known as Gongsun tree, is an ancient and magical tree species, unique to China. Li Shizhen said in the Ming Dynasty: "Originally born in the south of the Yangtze River, its leaves are like duck's feet, hence the name. In the early Song Dynasty, it paid tribute to Ginkgo biloba, which was white because it looked like a small apricot. Now it is called Ginkgo biloba. It has high economic value and ornamental value, and has the advantages of cleaning the air and beautifying the environment. It is one of the first choice tree species for urban landscaping. It not only has high economic value and ornamental value, but also has the advantages of purifying the air and beautifying the environment. It is one of the first choice tree species for urban landscaping. Ginkgo tree has a strange and spectacular shape and unlimited life. According to historical records, there is a "Ginkgo King" tree in Shandong Province, China, which is over 3000 years old. Its biggest feature is that it has no pests. It is dark green and pleasant when it leaves in spring, and golden and dazzling in late autumn, which is very spectacular. The medicinal value of leaves, fruits, roots and stems of Ginkgo biloba is recorded in the Compendium of Materia Medica. Wu Zhongqi, a famous calligrapher, gladly wrote an inscription for the "No.1 Ginkgo Garden in the World", and the National Forestry Department named this town "Demonstration Base of High-quality Ginkgo Production". The United States, France, South Korea and dozens of countries and regions in Southeast Asia have business cooperation projects, which are favored by merchants. According to the research of botanists, the distant ancestors of Ginkgo biloba appeared in Paleozoic and Upper Carboniferous. After many times of reproduction, the ginkgo family has been growing, and when the ginkgo still visible today appears, it is also the most prosperous period of the ginkgo family. At this time, there are not only Ginkgo plants all over the world, but also more than 20 genera, 150 species. However, due to the sudden drop of temperature on the earth and the invasion of glaciers, most ginkgo plants have been extinct one after another, and only their remains and fossils can be seen at present. Only ginkgo biloba, with its strong vitality, has survived and multiplied to this day. Therefore, ginkgo biloba seen today is called "heritage ginkgo biloba" or "living fossil ginkgo biloba" and "modern ginkgo biloba". The so-called "modern ginkgo" is relative to the extinct ginkgo. Modern ginkgo biloba is not the current ginkgo biloba, so the concept of time should be different. Great climate change and land-sea changes are the severe tests of Ginkgo biloba again and again. Ginkgo biloba has not been extinct, but has grown more vigorously, which shows how strong its adaptability and adaptability are. Ginkgo biloba has become a unique tree species in China, and it has been widely recognized all over the world. At present, Ginkgo biloba exists in various countries and regions, and its introduction and cultivation time will never exceed that of China before the Tang Dynasty, which is certain. Ginkgo biloba, as a unique economic tree species with high efficiency and multifunction, integrates medicinal, edible, drinking, timber, greening, ornamental and beautifying values, and has extremely high economic, ecological, landscape and social benefits. Geographical records.