A famous writer, calligrapher and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties and one of Song Sijia.
His poems are unique, fresh and vigorous, and are called "Su Huang" with Huang Tingjian.
His words are bold, broad-minded and vain, and he is also called "Su Xin" with Xin Qiji.
His prose is free and logical, and he is also called "Ou Su" with Ouyang Xiu.
Su Shi is an undisputed literary leader and master in the Northern Song Dynasty, and the first monument on the development road of Song Ci.
Those who say poems must say Li Bai, and those who say words must say Su Shi.
However, people compare him to history, not only because he has a dazzling literary aura on his head, but also because he has unparalleled personality charm and feelings of home and country of the literati at that time.
Su Shi has many poems lamenting the hardships of life, such as:
Ten years of life and death are two boundless, disapproving and unforgettable. (Jiang Chengzi);
Who pity ji zi to cover mink and fur? I hope I will never forget it. (Huanxisha);
Breaking your eyes is charming, it should be sound and dust. The nearest flower.
We always see such descriptions in textbooks, such as Su Shi's open-mindedness, Su Shi's tolerance, and Su Shi's profound philosophy of life ..... It's as if he was a real immortal, and he came to the world on cloud nine and experienced human suffering. Far away, he passed away by boat, like a great philosopher, singing the stars, like a dream. This is "the boat has passed away since then, and Jiang Hai will stay for the rest of his life".
However, we should not only see a superior Su Shi, but also know the way Su Shi rolled in the world of mortals. He is an ordinary person, an ordinary person who is good to the public.
After all, everyone is born an elf, but no one is born a philosopher.
Su Shi first became famous in Beijing when he was twenty-one. At the age of coronation, I haven't graduated from college. Zhang Ailing said that "becoming famous early" is actually a summary of the experiences of countless prodigies for thousands of years.
At that time, Su Shi was still a teenager, dreaming the same dream as other literati: to cultivate one's morality and govern the country. Su Shi's earliest goal in life was the motto of ancient Confucianism, "Be virtuous, make contributions and make a statement". Therefore, we must first understand that Su Shi's first identity is a Confucian scholar, and he is most influenced by Confucianism, even though he has a deep study of Buddhism.
What is the ultimate goal of Confucian scholars in life? Zhang Yan of the Southern Song Dynasty told us-
"Make a heart for heaven and earth, make a life for the people, inherit the past and the future, and be peaceful for the world."
At an early age, Su Shi's family intentionally cultivated his personality charm and life ideal. When Su Shi was young, his mother often warned him: "When you study, don't follow the example of Cao and his wife. You only know how to make yourself famous with books. " Every time I talk about the noble character of the ancients, I always say, "If you can really die for honor, I won't feel sad."
How important is a good family education? Su Shi is a typical example. As a result, the fledgling Su Shi has his own charm aura: an orthodox Confucian scholar who always cares about the world.
This kind of aura is a prominent feature of Su Shi's life.
This aura, in short, is: for the people, for the king.
Su Shi loves the people. Since Song Renzong Jiayou became an official for six years, his concern for the people has been out of control. Ren Fengxiang signed a reform official uniform; Sentenced Hangzhou to "facilitate the people by law", dredged the six wells and built the West Lake embankment; Knowing Mizhou, Shu people are trapped and accused of thieves. As an official for decades, Su Shi has traveled all over the world, covering Hangzhou, Mizhou, Xuzhou, Huzhou, Yingzhou, Yangzhou and other places. Years of career as a local official enabled Su Shi to observe people's feelings, understand people's hearts and win them.
Su Shi's love for the people is naked, not only in political achievements, but also in personal feelings.
When I was in Qiantang, most people in Qiantang broke the law by selling raw salt privately because of their poor life. Su Shi wrote in the book "Shanghai Han Prime Minister's Handwriting on Disasters and Injuries": "Anyone who breaks salt does not shed tears ... The people of Zhejiang and Zhejiang have committed it with salt for thousands of years, and it cannot be banned." He knows that blocking is better than dredging. Only by making people's lives in Zhejiang better can people stop selling illegal salt.
When he knew Mizhou, he often felt guilty because he could not change the status quo of people's hunger and cold. In "Seeing Lin Jing Soon", he wrote: "Autumn crops are not full of eyes, and wheat seeds are also scarce. I will always be ashamed of this nation. Thorns grow on my skin. Life is 5,000 volumes, and there is no word to save hunger. " He deeply felt that he was knowledgeable and capable of writing about thousands of books, but he could not solve the survival problem of the people under his rule, and he was ashamed to be an official himself.
When I learned about Xuzhou, it happened that the Yellow River burst its banks and Xuzhou was flooded. Rich people in the city rushed to take refuge in the city. Su Shi said that if all the rich people run away, people's hearts will be unstable. Who can hold the city? I'm here, and I won't let the flood drown the city. "I am here, water can't beat the city." So he personally led the local army to build dikes to fight floods and saved Xuzhou City.
People can remember their parents who dedicated themselves to the people. "History of Song Dynasty" said: "Shi came to Hangzhou again in 20 years, because he had virtue for the people, a portrait at home and a good diet. He also set up an ancestral hall to repay. " Li Sheng Temple is undoubtedly the highest achievement award awarded to Su Shi by Hangzhou people.
In today's words, Su Shi won the essence of the mass line. Everything is for the masses, everything depends on the masses, from the masses to the masses, and Su Shi did it, and he did it well. Therefore, when talking about Su Shi, we can't separate him from the masses.
Su Shi also loves the emperor. He worships the emperor, but not everything is based on divine will. He dares to say that he dares to offend God.
In the second year of Xining, Song Shenzong ordered more than 4,000 Zhejiang lanterns at a low price. Su Shi immediately went to the "Suggestions for Buying Zhejiang Lamps", "Playing with eyes and ears unhurriedly, grasping the information that the mouth and body must use. Lantern sellers ... look forward to these ten days. Your Majesty is the parent of the people and can only buy at a high price, so you can reduce the price and pay at a low price. " He criticized Zongshen as a buyer, but depressed the price and squeezed the people. Finally, Zongshen "came at your call" and listened to Su Shi's opinion.
In the second year of Xining, Wang Anshi's vigorous political reform began. In order to change the situation of weak national strength and poor people, Wang Anshi, with the support of Zong Shen, carried out in-depth reforms in all directions and in a wide range of fields. However, the top-level design did not take into account the actual situation of the people. The implementation of many schemes, such as young crops law, exemption law and water conservancy law, was actually opposed by Ouyang Xiu, Sima Guang, Su Shi and others.
At that time, Zongshen was very determined. For the smooth implementation of the political reform, many officials who opposed it were banished from Beijing, even Ouyang Xiu, a veteran of the Four Dynasties, was no exception. Su Shi is also determined to follow in the footsteps of Ouyang Xiu and stick to his own ideas. He wrote The Book of Jade Emperor and openly opposed the political reform. "Today, those who discuss it don't abide by it, but they see that in the past few years, officials have followed it without doing anything. They want to correct it with harsh observation, unite it with wisdom, and attract brave and keen newcomers to achieve all quick results. Did not enjoy its benefits, pouring the wind has become. "
What Su Shi opposes is not poor change, but the way and speed of change. "But your majesty takes simplicity as the method and purity as the heart, which makes the traitors unreasonable, and the people's morality is thick, and I want to be vulgar. This is also called. " At the same time, he also opposed the hasty promotion of Wang Anshi. "Since ancient times, people have to try all kinds of difficulties. If they have outstanding tools, they will have their own achievements. " God's great responsibility will make him work hard, work hard and bear the burden of humiliation before he can chisel out the jade. Although Wang Anshi is talented, he lacks experience and understanding and can't control the reform carriage well.
As soon as the book of the Emperor Shenzong came out, the result was obvious. Su Shi was forced to leave Beijing and was exiled to Hangzhou. Of course, this is the luck of the people of Hangzhou.
Looking at the above, we can see that Su Shi's determination to "be king for the people" has always been implemented. He cares about his country and the world, regardless of region, occasion and status. How about a piece of cloth? "If you are rich, you will help the world, and if you are poor, you will be immune." He believes that he hasn't reached the poor place yet.
Fan Zhongyan, Su Shi's predecessor, said: "If you live in the temple, you will worry about the people, and if you are far away, you will worry about the monarch." Later generations gu said, "those who protect the world are humble and responsible." . This group of lovely Confucian scholars, including Su Shi, broke away from the narrow self-protection thought of "not being in office and not seeking their own politics" and set an example for the world.
During the Yuanfeng period, Wutai poetry case broke out. After imprisonment 103, Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou. At that time, Su Shi was appointed as the assistant ambassador of Yong Lian. He had no real power and was under surveillance. It stands to reason that it is no longer his duty to pay attention to people's livelihood politics. However, on the way to Huangzhou, he kept writing and making suggestions regardless of the suspicion of meddling. In Ezhou, Su Shi couldn't help but write to everyone in Ezhou, hoping that he could pay attention to and solve this incident, and at the same time organize a "parenting meeting" in the local area to give relief to families unable to raise babies.
In addition, when Su Shi was relegated to Huizhou, his cousin Cheng was traveling in Guangzhou. Su Shi wrote a letter to his cousin with a gesture of "crossing the line" and put forward his own suggestions on the development and construction of Guangzhou. Su Shi is really worried about the life of Guangzhou people by repairing bridges, reorganizing the army, adjusting rice prices and solving the money shortage. Shu and Cheng said, "If you have offended the people who live here, how dare you enter the court affairs? However, if this matter is neglected by the vulgar officials, the teaching will regret it. " He knew that his behavior was illegal invasion, but his inner concern for his home country made him unable to remain indifferent.
The so-called "beyond the truth" is not a show for the sake of fame. Although Su Shi made suggestions in his letter, he exhorted Cheng in his letter: "I hope my brother will pay attention, but this is still a secret. Don't let anyone know that it's from my brother, forever, forever! "
During his stay in Huizhou, Su Shi said to Cheng, "All official duties in Huizhou should be notified.". Others think that he interferes in government affairs and makes enemies easily, but Su Shi doesn't care. Fei Zhou of the Southern Song Dynasty was deeply impressed by this: "If you live in Shanger, you will be able to live and die. "Living a fashionable life in exile, you are still so concerned about family and state affairs, let alone being an official?
What makes Su Shi forget the people of his native country despite difficulties and hardships? I think it may be the initial intention of Confucianism, which he cultivated as a social ideal since childhood. Su Shi once told Wen Yanbo that he was "repeating what happened in the world" because "the past never forgets the heart of the future". The ideal at the age of twenty can still remain in my heart at the age of forty, clear and profound.
? Don't forget your innovative spirit, that's all. Su Shi's initial intention is to do good for the country, society and people, which runs through his life. So, what are the personal ups and downs, positive or depressed? He doesn't care much about it himself.
Just kidding, if Su Shi is released now, he will be a good cadre of the party who puts the public first and the people first, and he should be rated as an advanced model.
This is also the case. Su Shi served as an official and devoted himself to the people. After his death, people will not forget him. Su Zhe's "After Luancheng Collection" records that after Su Shi's death, "Wu Yue people cried in the city; Its king hangs at home; There are obituaries in all directions, and no one is smart or stupid. There are hundreds of scholars in imperial academy who lead monks to Huilin Buddhist Temple. "
Throughout the dynasties, there were many people who kept pace with Su Shi in literary talent and literary reputation, but only Su Shi was respected by everyone after his death. Why? The answer is ready. As for the splendid articles, they are beautiful and elegant, but they are too far away from the people. People respect and stay away from those who cultivate elegance.
This also brings a regret. Although Su Shi was deeply loved by the people, he was not taken seriously all his life. Is Su Shi an incompetent official? Not exactly. After knowing Su Shi and Su Zhe, Renzong Zhao Zhen once said, "I am now the Prime Minister of Taiping for my descendants." It can be seen that Su Shi has the talent of prime minister. If it is not because of talent, it must be because of officialdom.
Officialdom, higher than the mountain and deeper than the sea, can't go up or down, let alone dive or float. How many talented people in ancient and modern times have fallen into officialdom struggles without displaying their talents?
Su Shi's integrity is too high, which is fatal to being an official. Song Xiaozong and Zhao Shen once commented on Su Shi: "Advice when most needed is least heeded, courtiers are second to none." High integrity means being straight, not tactful, only judging good or bad, not flexible, only being reasonable and not being a man. Wang Anshi lacked skills, and Su Shi scolded Wang Anshi, making the new party hostile. When Sima Guang was short, Su Shi scolded Sima Guang, which provoked the old party to regard him as an enemy. At the same time, it angered the old and new parties. Su Can stood in court? Only put it outside. As a result, Su Shi spent most of his life wandering around.
This is unfortunate for the official career, but the long-term "wandering career" made Su Shi go higher and higher on the road of literature and eventually became a master. Without half a wandering life, Su Shi in his later years may not have written Rain or Rain or Miserable Life. "The country is unfortunate and the poet is lucky", which makes people wonder whether to criticize or rejoice.
I should be happy for Su Shi. His life is well-informed and colorful.
Maybe I can make an evaluation of Su Shi:
Only eight fights, surpassing the same generation of literati; Mindful of the country, there is a legacy of ancient sages and sages.
The ancient sage is one of the highest images respected by Confucianism. Just like at the beginning of my article, Su Shi was first given the image of a typical Confucian scholar.
Of course, many people think this is not appropriate. Su Shi is deeply influenced by Taoism and Buddhism. Su Shi's first teacher was Taoist Zhang, and Zhang Daoshi's influence on Su Shi was absolute and profound, even affecting Su Shi's dressing and eating. In addition, Su Shi had many contacts with monks and friends throughout his life, and visited temples all over the country, so his understanding of Zen was even different from that of ordinary people.
In fact, since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the trend of the integration of the three religions has never stopped. Scholars in Tang, Song and later dynasties did not have a completely pure image of Confucian scholars. For example, Li Bai likes Taoism and Wang Wei likes Buddhism.
So I only wrote the title of the article as "Confucianism in Su Shi's Life". Does his life have Taoist characteristics? Yes Is there a Buddhist trait in his life? Yes
What are the characteristics of Confucianism? I don't understand it at all myself. However, the feelings of home and country are undoubtedly Confucian. So this article only talks about this aspect of Su Shi.
The end of the article is more cumbersome. I write so much because I also want to know about Su Shi. He looks average and fat, but he is so charming.
I also want to swim on the Yangtze River by boat on a clear night. The ship walked slowly, and the rock walls on both sides were as black as ink. Coupled with the cold moonlight, the ship was taken care of in black and white. When all is silent, I listen to the occasional whispers, bring a table of dining tables, and sing while drinking:
"It's a drop in the bucket to send ephemera into the ground. Mourn a moment in my life and admire the infinity of the Yangtze River. Fly with the flying fairy, hold the bright moon, and grow up. I know that it is impossible to get it suddenly, but I hate Taiwan. "
Beautiful, isn't it?
? Part of the information in this paper comes from online public materials, Baidu Encyclopedia, ancient poems and HowNet: on Su Shi's personality charm-Zhou Xianshen, on the development of Song Ci-Wang Zhaopeng.
I'm Zhang, welcome to communicate with me.