Self-names, personal names and nicknames are all numbers. This article only talks about self-name.
Self-signature is another appellation symbol besides name and text, so it is also called alias. It came into being during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and was monopolized by the upper-class literati, which ordinary people could not own. "Zhuangzi" contains: "Huang Di became the son of heaven for nineteen years, and ordered the world to run. Wen Guangcheng lives in an empty place, so he went to see it. " "Guangchengzi" is another name for Laozi, and Laozi also has a self-styled "Kongtong Zi" named after his residence.
During the Warring States period, there were not many people with their own names, but there were some celebrities, such as Fan Li, a doctor from Yue State. After helping Gou Jian, the King of Yue, defeat the State of Wu, he retired from the torrent and retired to be a private businessman, so he called himself "Yi Zi Yi Pi" and changed his name to.
By the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, more people had their own names. The most famous are Mr. Wu Liu, Bao Puzi and Huayang, who live in seclusion. Mr. Wuliu is the real name of Tao Yuanming, an idyllic poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Originally Peng, he felt that the officialdom was dark and filthy, and he didn't want to kneel for Wudoumi, so he resigned and returned to his hometown. Because there are five willows beside his house, he calls himself Mr. Five willows.
Huayang seclusion is the self-styled name of Tao Hongjing, a famous Taoist and scientist. He was born in the Southern Dynasties. According to legend, he was knowledgeable during the Song and Qi Dynasties, and was familiar with astronomy, calendar, geography and medicine. He was good at practicing Dan casting sword, piano, chess and calligraphy. Before becoming a weak champion, he was hired as a servant of the king by Emperor Gao Di of Qi. After resigning from his post, he lived in seclusion in Maoshan, Jiangsu Province for forty years and lived in seclusion from Huayang. Although Tao Hongjing lived in seclusion in the mountains, the emperor still sent people to the mountains to consult every major event in the DPRK, and his opinions were adopted, so outsiders called him "the prime minister in the mountains".
Bao Puzi was Ge Hong's own name in the Western Jin Dynasty.
After the Tang and Song Dynasties, more and more literati took the number, and the level of the number takers also spread to the lower intellectuals, resulting in the phenomenon of one person taking more numbers. Famous people like celebrities have their own names: Li Bai, Qinglian Jushi, Du Fu, Shaoling Yelao, Bai Juyi, Xiangshan Jushi, Li Shangyin and Yuxi Sheng. Du Fu is the only one, and there are several names after him, such as Shaoling Yelao, Ling Du Buyi, Ling Du and Du Shaoling.
By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the self-numbering has become a common practice, from the palace nobles to the ordinary people, and even thieves and robbers, almost everyone has a number. Since Song Gaozong was named "Damage Zhai", the number of emperors has increased day by day. The Ming Wuzong was named Jintang Old Man, and the Ming Shizong was named Tianchi Fishing and Yaozhai. For example, in the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Qianlong was called the old man Shiquan, Emperor Gu Xi called Tian Zi, and Emperor Xianfeng called himself a Taoist.
The record that thieves have their own names comes from the collection of scoops by Ling in Qing Dynasty. The book says: When a county magistrate in Jiangxi interrogated the thief, he suddenly heard the thief shout "Don't be silly". The magistrate was puzzled and asked around. Someone replied, "Keeping Fool" is the thief's own name.
Among many appellation symbols, numbers are the most bizarre and interesting. The reason is that posthumous title is popular among intellectuals, and the scholar is the most free-willed, unique in personality and rich in knowledge. Second, self-naming is the name of self-invitation, and it is not bound and regulated by others, so there are many ways to take it, and the names are also strange. Let's make a simple classification.
One is to add a suffix to a place name, which is the most common. For example, Dai, a poet in the Yuan Dynasty, came from Jiuling Mountain, Wu Cheng'en, an author in The Journey to the West, came from Sheyang Mountain, and Huang Tingjian, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, came from a Taoist in the valley.
Those with room names and fasting names are the second category. Ancient intellectuals were keen to name their study, such as 15-year-old Zhi Yanzhai, 20-year-old Pan Gong, 30-year-old General Zhai, and Dan Jiege. , are all room names. There are two situations in which the room name evolves into its own number. One is to change it directly into numbers. For example, Yan Yuan, an educator in the late Ming Dynasty, named his study "Xi Zhai" and renamed it Xi Zhai. Yang Wanli, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, has both the name of study and his own name "Cheng Zhai". The other is the name of the room plus the name of the layman and the owner. For example, when Xin Qiji lived in Shangrao, Jiangxi, he built a new house with a lake, one of which was named "Jiaxuan" because it was named Jiaxuan layman; Bai Juyi lived in seclusion in Luoyang in his later years, built Xiangshan Temple, and named himself Xiangshan layman.
The third way to get the number comes from your hobbies and admiration. I like the stone-worshipping hall of Jinshi, the Menglan Hall of orchids, and the self-proclaimed Ailian laity who likes lotus flowers. Is it true that they love Zhu Tang, Meng Yan Tang and Jian Ge?
The fourth way to get the number is to mark the memorial. There are objects, people and important moments in the memorial hall. For example, if the collection reaches 5,000 or 8,000 volumes, it will be a room with 5,000 volumes and a building with 8,000 volumes. Those who have collected a considerable number of famous inkstone paintings call themselves Baiyanzhai. Wang Quchang, a contemporary calligrapher, was born on May 6th, 1900, the day after the Dragon Boat Festival, so he was named Mr. Liu Duan. When Qianlong lived to be seventy years old, he thought that people were rare since ancient times, so he was named "Mr. Gu Xi".
The fifth kind of self-naming comes from one's own ideals, expectations or temperament. Or express their attitude towards life, or express their positive and enterprising ideals, or show a retired and indifferent attitude, or show an undisciplined temperament. For example, Ms. Qiu Jin wrote men's wear and practiced fencing, and she named herself "Jianhu Woman"; Zou Rong, the author of Revolutionary Army, is a pawn in the revolutionary army. Mr. Wuliu, mountain man, scattered man, farmer, fisherman, etc. , have been emotional "number".
I'm afraid there are more than five kinds of self-numbering, so I won't break it down here. Next, I will tell you some interesting stories related to self-numbering.
If the average person has one or two disabilities, most of them are kept secret. It's best not to let others know. Unfortunately, they are forbidden to mention it in person or behind their backs. However, some people treat their "defects" very openly, and many people do not hesitate to show them in their own names. For example, Qian Surun was lame in the Ming Dynasty, Chen Shaolin was blind in the Qing Dynasty, and Sun Ligang was too thin, all of which were "exposed". In contemporary times, Zhou Lianxia, a famous female painter known as "golden couple", was badly damaged in ten years' turmoil and could not look directly at things, so she was engraved with the seal of "be clear at a glance" and took it as the number.
Ouyang Xiu, a great writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, has two famous titles, one is a layman on June 1st and the other is an alcoholic. When Euclid was not confused, he was demoted as the magistrate of Chuzhou, and his career was frustrated. He often used wine to drown his sorrows. Unfortunately, the amount of alcohol was insufficient, so I drank less and got drunk. Generally speaking, most people who drink well don't want to get drunk, but Euclid didn't. Seeing that he can drink the most, he simply nicknamed himself "Drunken Man" and said, "Drunken Man's intention is not wine, but also between mountains and rivers."
Everyone has a love of beauty. People tend to flock to beautiful things and avoid ugly things. However, in the ranks of self-names, some names are neither pleasant nor auspicious, and even obviously have a hard time with themselves. Such as the living dead of Jiangbenshi in Ming Dynasty; Qu Dajun, a writer in the early Qing Dynasty, hanged himself and Deng Sanmu, a modern stone calligrapher, hanged himself.
Exquisitely, this shocking self-name has an unusual origin. For example, Zheng Sixiao, a writer in the Southern Song Dynasty, was originally named as XXX. After the Yuan soldiers went south to destroy the Song Dynasty, they were renamed Xiao Si. People who think of Xiao actually think of Zhao and Song. After the name change, Xiao Si lived in seclusion in the world of martial arts, calling himself "the savage of the three foreign countries". Every time he sat down, he would face south and often watched Ye Nan cry. He painted the sea billows, but he didn't paint the soil around them. When people asked him why, they said, all the land has been occupied, Zhihu? He has never been married, wandering around the world, and has no room to live. When he was seriously ill, he knew that he was going to die, so he asked his friend to erect a monument on his behalf and write his name: "Zheng Sixiao, an unfaithful and unjust man in Song Dynasty".
Deng Sanmu took some strange names in his life. He once named his living room "toilet room", and in his seal, there were signs such as "long-lost man", "one-legged man" and "dung Weng". The name "one foot" is easy to understand. Because his left foot was amputated due to illness in his later years, he only had "one foot" and regarded it as "what can be reproduced" Why did you name yourself "Dung Weng"? It turns out that Miki is just his name. His original name is iron, and his word is pure iron. In his youth, he took calligraphy and seal cutting as the pride of Shanghai's literary and art circles and became famous in China. Many unknown people actually got up to imitate you. At one time, everyone was proud of signing the "iron". Deng Sanmu couldn't bear it, so he tried his best to come up with the infamous nickname "Dung Weng" behind his seal script. This move really worked, and no one has created it under the guise of "dung Weng" since Sanmu.
Zheng Banqiao, the head of the Eight Eccentrics in Yangzhou, is very accomplished in poetry, calligraphy and painting, but he worships Xu Wenchang very much. He was a famous writer, painter, painter and calligrapher in Ming Dynasty, with the word Wei and an Ivy Taoist. He is a proud and proud man and likes to play with rich and powerful gentlemen. Banqiao admired him deeply, calling himself a "running dog under the ivy", which shows his yearning.
Because there is no restriction on self-numbering, many scholars are addicted to self-numbering. For example, there are more than 50 self-numbers on Zheng Banqiao's seal, and even more if you add the self-numbers on a whim. For example, Banqiao, the boss bridge 20 years ago, the Taoist priest of Banqiao, and the book of chickens and dogs are just a boat, and they can't wait to fill the hunger debts of the world. Kangxi scholar Yongzheng raised people to be scholars.
There are no rules on the number of words, such as "ten lang", "one scoop" and "three stalls"; There are three or four words, and those who are breathless. Please see:
Zeng Guofan named himself "the room of self-cultivation and self-cultivation".
Hong Zhicun's self-titled "The Mystery of Wan Li in Up and Down Three Thousand Years";
In the Qing Dynasty, the explanation of this achievement was named "Wan Li, a wandering monk, grew up in Shuifushan, was in charge of the world's famous mountains and rivers, rewarded cranes, and never woke up in his hometown". Whether this number is the oldest has not been decided, and readers need to do some textual research.
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