In the second year of Jianlong in the Northern Song Dynasty (96 1), Li Yu succeeded to the throne, respected the orthodoxy of the Song Dynasty, and paid tribute at the age of 20 to protect peace. In October of the fourth year of Kaibao (97 1), Song Taizu destroyed the Southern Han Dynasty, and Li Yu was renamed as "Jiangnan Master" except surnamed tang. The following year, the ritual system was derogatory, and the kiss in the Imperial Palace in Jinling was cancelled to show respect for Song Ting.
In the eighth year of Kaibao (975), Li Yubing was defeated by the Song Dynasty, captured to Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan Province), made a general, and ordered him to disobey orders. On July 7th, the third year of Taiping and Xingguo (978), Li Yu died in Bianjing, and was posthumously awarded a surname and a prince of Wu. The world called it Li Houzhu, Queen of the Southern Tang Dynasty.
Li Yu is proficient in calligraphy, painting, melody and poetry, especially in ci. Li Yu's ci has inherited the tradition of Huajian poets such as Wen and Wei Zhuang since the late Tang Dynasty, and has been influenced by Li Jing and Feng Yansi. Its language is bright, vivid, sincere and distinctive. After the national subjugation, his ci was characterized by a wide range of themes and profound meanings, and it was unique among the five pronouns in the late Tang Dynasty, which had a far-reaching influence on the later ci circles.
Wang Guowei commented on Li Yu like this:
(1) Wen Feiqing's words are obvious; Wei Duanji's words, bone show also; Li Shiguang's writing is also beautiful.
(2) the word for Li Houzhu and vision, with deep feelings, later became a musician's word, become a scholar-bureaucrat's word.
(3) Poets are childlike. Therefore, being born in the palace and growing up in the hands of women is the weakness of the late master as a gentleman, which is also the strength of the poet.
④ Subjective poets don't need to read more books. The shallower they read, the more true they are, and so does Li Houzhu.
⑤ Nietzsche refers to all words. I love writing with blood. The words of the late master are really called writing with blood. The word "Yanshan Pavilion" written by Song Daojun is similar. However, the Taoist monarch is only the meaning of his own life experience, while the deceased Lord has the meaning that Sakyamuni and Christ bear the sins of mankind, with different sizes.
6. The words of the Tang and Five Dynasties have sentences without articles; Famous poets in the Southern Song Dynasty wrote articles without sentences. There is a saying that only Li Houzhu's works and Yongshu, Shaoyou, Meicheng and Jiaxuan are just a few people.
Extended data
Literary achievements
Li Yu is versatile, good at painting, good at poetry and lyrics, and has a good understanding of rhythm, especially the achievements of lyrics. There are more than 30 poems written by Li Yu, which can be divided into two periods:
The former words mainly reflect the court life and the love between men and women, and the style is beautiful and soft. Although he didn't break away from the habits of Huajian School, he has more artistic generalization power than Huajian Ci writers in the description of characters and scenes, and some words also reveal heavy sadness (such as "Qing Ping Le Bie Lai Chun Ban").
The late ci reflects the pain of national subjugation, which is sad and desolate, with far-reaching artistic conception and great artistic appeal.
Li Yu's position in the history of Ci is more determined by his artistic achievements. Li Yu made four contributions to the development of Ci:
(1) expands the expression field of words. Li Yu's previous poems were mostly erotic, and even if he expressed his lofty sentiments and ambitions, they were mostly metaphorical and obscure. However, most of Li Yu's works are direct lyrical, expressing the feelings of his motherland, expressing his true feelings and sincere words, which makes poetry get rid of the traditional style of singing to flowers for a long time and become a new poetic style in which poets can express their feelings in many ways, which has an artistic influence on later generations' bold poems.
(2) Beautiful words and pure feelings, because pure feelings lack rational restraint. After the subjugation of the Southern Tang Dynasty, Li Yu was captured in the Song Dynasty. "It was a day in Lacrimosa.". Li Yu realized the inconstant sadness of life, and truly wrote the desolation and regret of national subjugation and extinction with blood and tears; He summed up his bitter experience, gained a broad form and significance, and triggered the experience and examination of the tragedy of the universe, so his love was deeper and wider than other poets in the Southern Tang Dynasty.
③ The language is natural, concise, expressive and versatile. Li Yu is good at describing his life feelings by sketching, visualizing abstract feelings by appropriate metaphors, and often reflecting a certain realm with universal significance in real life through concrete and sensible personality images, which is not extravagant, but touching; Not vague, but meaningful; Form a fresh and beautiful artistic feature.
(4) originality in style. Huajian Ci and Southern Tang Ci are generally good at euphemism and concentration, while Li Yu is good at sparseness, such as Hao Dang by Yulouchun, Wu Ye Tune by Langtaosha, Xiong Qi and Androgyny with bitterness, and Handsome by The Mermaid.
Calligraphy and painting art
Li Yu is not only good at poetry, but also accomplished in painting and calligraphy. Li Yu once researched the origin of the dialing method, and summarized it into eight skills: promise, hook, expose, resist, refuse, guide and send. Li Yu is good at running script, with vigorous lines, like cold pine and frost bamboo, and is praised as "Jin Cuodao" by the world.
He also likes to write big characters, with silks as his pen, which is known as "clamping books". Li Yu once took out the calligraphy works hidden in the secret room of the Southern Tang Dynasty, and ordered Xu Xuan to carve them into "Sheng Yuan Tie", which was carefully rated as "the ancestor of Fa Tie". ?
In the painting, Li Yu's bamboo is hooked one by one, and it is very small from root to tip, which is very distinctive and is called "iron hook lock". ? [84]? The forest stone birds he painted have a high artistic conception and are far superior to others.
Baidu encyclopedia-Li Yu