Su Shi (1037-1101): Writer, calligrapher and painter of the Northern Song Dynasty. His courtesy name was Zizhan, his nickname was Dongpo Jushi, and he was a native of Meishan, Meizhou (now part of Sichuan). Su Xunzi. Jiayou Jinshi. During the reign of Emperor Shenzong, he served as Wai Lang, a member of the ancestral hall. Because he opposed Wang Anshi's new law, he sought a foreign position and served as general magistrate of Hangzhou, where he knew Mizhou, Xuzhou and Huzhou. Later, he was demoted to Huangzhou for writing poems that "slandered the imperial court". Zhezong was a bachelor of the Hanlin Academy at that time. He had traveled to Hangzhou, Yingzhou, etc., and was appointed Minister of the Ministry of Rites. Later he was demoted to Huizhou and Danzhou. He died of illness in Changzhou the second year after returning to the north. In the Southern Song Dynasty, he was posthumously named Wenzhong. Together with his father and younger brother, they are collectively known as "Sansu". Politically, it belongs to the old party, but it also has demands for reforming bad governance. His writing is unbridled, clear and fluent, and he is one of the "Eight Great Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties". His poems are fresh and bold, good at using exaggerated metaphors, and have a unique style in artistic expression. A few poems can also reflect the sufferings of the people and accuse the rulers of their extravagance and arrogance. Ci Kai is bold and unrestrained, which has a great influence on future generations. "Nian Nujiao·Chibi Nostalgia" and "Shui Diao Ge Tou·Bingchen Mid-Autumn Festival" are widely recited. He is good at running script and regular script, adopting the styles of Li Yong, Xu Hao, Yan Zhenqing and Yang Ning, and is able to create his own ideas. The writing style is plump and full of ups and downs, giving it an innocent and lively feel. Together with Cai Xiang, Huang Tingjian and Mi Fu, they are known as the "Four Families of the Song Dynasty". He is good at painting bamboo and is a scholar of literature. He also likes to paint dead wood and strange rocks. When discussing painting, he advocated "spiritual resemblance" and believed that "when discussing painting, we should see it as a neighbor of children"; he spoke highly of the artistic attainments of "paintings in poems, poems in paintings". Poems include "Seven Collections of Dongpo" and so on. The extant writings include "Essays and Posts in Appreciation to Civil Teachers", "Ji Dao Wen in Honor of Huang", "Qian Chibi Fu", "Poems and Posts on Cold Food in Huangzhou", etc. His paintings include "Pictures of Dead Trees and Strange Rocks", "Pictures of Bamboos and Stones", etc. (Cihai 1989 edition)
Liu Yong (? - about 1053), a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty. The original name was Sanbian, with the courtesy name Jingzhuang. Later, his name was changed to Yong, with the courtesy name Qiqing. He was the seventh in the family and a native of Chong'an (now Fujian). Jingyou Jinshi. A foreigner in the official field. It is known as Liu Qi and Liu Tuntian in the world. He is a dissolute man and will be in trouble all his life. His poems mostly describe the city scenery and the life of singing girls, and are especially good at expressing the feelings of traveling and traveling. He is unique in creating slow words. With its narration and characterization, blending of scenes, popular language, and melodious music, it was widely circulated at that time and had a certain influence on the development of Song Ci poetry. "Yulin Ling", "Eight Sounds of Ganzhou", "Looking at the Sea Tide", etc. are quite famous. However, there are sometimes decadent thoughts and vulgar taste in the works. There are only a few poems left. "Song of Boiled Sea" describes the poor life of the salt people, which is very painful. There is "Collection of Movements". (Cihai 1989 edition)
Li Shangyin (about 813-about 858), a poet of the Tang Dynasty, was born in Hanoi, Huaizhou (now Biyang, Henan Province). Kaicheng Jinshi, once served as county captain, secretary Lang and Dongchuan Jiedushi judge. Due to the influence of the Niu-Li party struggle, he was ostracized and lived in poverty for the rest of his life. His poems exposed and criticized the separatism of feudal vassals, the eunuchs' monopoly on power and the corruption of the upper-class ruling group at that time. "A Hundred Rhymes in the Western Suburbs", "Two Poems with Feelings", and "Chong Yougan" are all famous. Many of his epic poems refer to ancient times to criticize current affairs, among which "Jia Sheng", "Sui Gong", "Fuping Shaohou" and so on are more prominent. The untitled poem also has a meaning, but different interpretations of its actual meaning vary. He is good at rhythm, rich in literary talent, precise in conception, emotional and melodious, and has a unique style. However, there are too many useful codes and the meaning is obscure. He also worked four or six articles. There is "Collected Poems of Li Yishan", which has been scattered. Later generations compiled "Collected Works of Fan Nan" and "Supplement to the Collected Works of Fan Nan".
Han Yu (768～824), a writer and philosopher in the Tang Dynasty. The word retreats. A native of Heyang (now Meng County), Henan, his ancestral home is Changli, known as Han Changli in the world. In his later years, he served as the Minister of the Ministry of Personnel, also known as the Ministry of Personnel. His posthumous title is "Wen", also known as Han Wengong. He is a descendant of the nobles of the Northern Wei Dynasty. His father, Zhongqing, was a minor bureaucrat. Han Yu lost his father when he was 3 years old. Raised by the Brotherhood. Later, he was demoted to Guangdong with Han Hui. After his brother's death, he returned north to Heyang with his sister-in-law Zheng. Later he moved to Xuancheng. He studied at the age of 7 and was able to write at the age of 13. He learned from the disciples of Duguji and Liang Su, and studied ancient precepts. At the age of 20, he went to Chang'an to take the Jinshi examination, but failed in three tests. At the age of 25, he was promoted to Jinshi. After three attempts at erudition and poetry, he was not selected, so he went to Dong Jin in Bianzhou and Zhang Jianfeng in Xuzhou to serve in the shogunate. Later he went to the capital and became a doctor of four disciplines. At the age of 36, he was appointed as the Supervisory Censor. He was demoted to the Yangshan Order because he wrote a letter to discuss the situation of drought and hunger, requesting reduction of corvee taxes and criticizing the government. Shunzong ascended the throne and used Wang Shuwen's group to carry out political reforms, but he held an opposition position. Xianzong ascended the throne, was pardoned and returned to the north, where he was awarded the title of Doctor of the State. The order of Henan was changed, and he was moved to the post of Fang Yuanwai Lang, and he was promoted to the crown prince's right concubine. Because of successive confrontations with eunuchs and powerful officials, he has been unsuccessful in becoming an official. At the age of 50, he conquered Wu Yuanji's rebellion in Huaixi from Pei Du, and served as Army Sima. He implemented the idea of ??strengthening the centralization of power and opposing the separatist rule of feudal towns. After Huaixi was pacified, he was promoted to Minister of Justice.
He rejected Buddhism throughout his life. In the 14th year of Yuanhe (819), Xianzong welcomed the Buddha's bones into his palace. He worked hard and remonstrated, regardless of his own safety. For this reason, he was demoted as the governor of Chaozhou. Moved to Yuanzhou. Soon after he returned to the court, he had various official positions such as Guozi Jijiu, Minister of the Ministry of War, Minister of the Ministry of Personnel, and Jing Zhaoyin. When he was the minister of the Ministry of War, the royal court of Zhenzhou rebelled. He went to Xuanfu and returned successfully. This last stage is more politically fruitful. Han Yu made great achievements in politics and literature throughout his life, and his main achievement was literature. He opposed parallel prose since the Wei and Jin Dynasties and advocated ancient prose, and carried out a long and fierce struggle. Due to the advocacy of him, Liu Zongyuan and others, the ancient prose movement of the Tang Dynasty was finally formed, opening up the development path of ancient prose since the Tang and Song Dynasties. His poems have original achievements and have an important influence on the development of Song poetry. Han Yu's collection was compiled by his disciple Li Han, and the outer collection was compiled by Song Dynasty people. Among the existing ancient versions of Korean collections, the "Collected Works of Mr. Changli of Five Hundred Family Sounds" and "Waiji" compiled by Wei Huaizhong in the Qingyuan Dynasty of the Southern Song Dynasty are the best. They preserve many old annotations by Song people that have been lost and are now available in photocopies. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Liao Ying's Zhongshi Tang version of Mr. Changli's Collection, Waiji, and Suiwen were most popular after they were reprinted by Xu's Dongya Hall in the Ming Dynasty. Become. There is a photocopy of Liao's original engraving. There are two single-line annotated editions of poetry collections in the Qing Dynasty: Gu Sili's "Annotations to Mr. Changli's Poems" and Fang Shiju's "Chronological Annotations to Han Changli's Poems". Qian Zhonglian's "Anthology of Han Changli's Poems" is a separate annotated version of the poems of Han Changli. In the Song Dynasty, those who made collations or supplementary annotations for the Han Collection without including the main text included Fang Songqing's Juzheng of the Han Collection and Zhu Xi's Research on the Variations of the Han Collection. In the Qing Dynasty, there were Chen Jingyun's Commentary of the Han Collection, Wang Yuanqi's Reading of Han Jiyi, and Shen Qin's Han's "Supplementary Notes to Han Ji", Fang Cheng□'s "Han Ji Jianzheng", and recent scholars include Xu Zhen's "Han Ji Annotation". Han Yu's life and deeds can be found in Huangfu's "Mr. Han's Epitaph in Changli", "Han Wengong's Shinto Stele" and Li Ao's "Han Gong's Journey", which are the most original materials. There are two original biographies of the New and Old "Book of Tang", and Zhu Xi also has detailed annotations on the original biography of the "New Book of Tang". There are several types of chronology and chronology, among which "Hanzi Chronicle" by Hongxingzu of Song Dynasty is the most detailed. Fang Songqing's "Additional Examination of the Chronicle" is engraved after each item of the Hongpu. Research works, including relevant entries or articles in Wang Mingsheng's "Moth Collection", Zheng Zhen's "Chao Jing Chao Collected Works", and Yu □'s "Yu Lou Miscellaneous Collection", are of academic value. The relevant parts of Zhao Yi's "Oubei Poetry", Fang Dongshu's "Zhao Mei Zhan Yan", and Lin Shu's "Han Liu Wen Research Method" are representative works of poetry criticism. Among the single papers, "On Han Yu" by the contemporary Chen Yinke is the most famous.