Wu Cheng'en (about 1500-1583), male, whose real name is Ruzhong, is from Sheyang Mountain. Han nationality, a native of Shanyang County in Huai 'an area, was an outstanding novelist in China in the Ming Dynasty. Ancestral home in Anhui, ancestral home in Tongcheng Gaodian, so it is called Gaodian Wu.
China was an outstanding novelist in Ming Dynasty and the author of The Journey to the West. Since childhood, Minhui has read widely and especially likes fairy tales. After repeated setbacks in the imperial examination, he made up the examination and gave tribute to students in Jiajing. In the forty-five years of Jiajing (1566), he was appointed as the director of Changxing County, Zhejiang Province. Due to the difficult official career, I never wanted to be an official in my later years and wrote behind closed doors.
Wu Cheng'en likes reading unofficial history and fantastic books. "He loves biographies of Zhang Qi and Duan Kegu in the Tang Dynasty, and is good at writing things and feelings. Write a book about them every time ",and" famous for their age ",which is quite appreciated by the government, celebrities and squires. "Huai 'an Fu Zhi" contains his "quick and wise, but rich. "I like to read books such as ghosts and lemurs, such as novels such as Hundred Strange Records, Youyang Miscellanies or unofficial history.
When Wu Cheng'en was a child, he was eager to learn and read and recite quickly. He is good at painting, calligraphy, lyrics and music, and he is also proficient in Go. He also likes to collect calligraphy and paintings of celebrities. As a teenager, he was famous in his hometown for his outstanding literary talent and was appreciated by people.
His frustration in officialdom and the hardships of life deepened his understanding of the feudal imperial examination system and the dark social reality, prompting him to express his inner dissatisfaction and resentment in the form of strange novels. He said to himself, "although my title is intellectual monster, I don't know ghosts, but I actually remember the variation of human beings, and I have a lesson." Wu Cheng'en also wrote a collection of short stories such as Yu, but it has been lost, and only a brief introduction can be seen.
Wu Cheng'en is good at painting and calligraphy. However, the imperial examination was unfavorable, and it was not until middle age that he entered the tribute. At the age of 60, he became Changxing County Cheng, but left home because of disagreement with the chief executive. Later, he hired Jing Wang Fu Ji Shan.
The Records of Huai 'an Prefecture recorded that he was "quick and wise, read widely and wrote for poetry". However, his scientific examination was unfavorable, and he didn't make up for the "year-old tribute student" until middle age, and then he lived in Nanjing for a long time and subsidized his family by selling literature. In his later years, due to his poor family, he became a county magistrate in Changxing. Because he didn't like the darkness of officialdom, he quickly resigned angrily and died of poverty. After the age of 30, the anecdotes he searched have been "hidden in his chest" and he has a creative plan.
At the age of 50, I wrote about the first ten times of The Journey to the West, and then I was interrupted for many years. It was not until he resigned in his later years and returned to his hometown that he was able to formally create The Journey to the West.
2. Wu Cheng'en lived in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, and went through five dynasties: Hongzhi in Xiaozong, Zhengde in Wuzong, Jiajing in Sejong, Qin Long in Mu Zong and Wanli in Zongshen. The social situation in the middle and late Ming dynasty was very different from that in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China. Political class contradictions, ethnic contradictions and contradictions within the ruling class have intensified and become increasingly acute. With the rise of the ideological and cultural enlightenment, the trend of human liberation is rising, citizen literature is becoming increasingly prosperous, and the creation of novels and operas has entered a period of all-round prosperity. Capitalism has sprouted economically.
In the first year of Zhenguan of Emperor Taizong (627), a 25-year-old monk Xuanzang Tianzhu (India) was hiking. After starting from Chang 'an, he passed through Central Asia, Afghanistan, Pakistan and finally arrived in India. He studied there for more than two years and gave a speech at a large-scale debate on Buddhist classics, which was well received. In the 19th year of Zhenguan (645), Xuanzang returned to Chang 'an and brought back 657 Buddhist scriptures, which was a sensation. Later, Xuanzang dictated his The Journey to the West, which was compiled by his disciples into a 12-volume Record of the Western Regions of Datang. But this book is mainly about the history, geography and transportation of countries seen on the road, and there is no story. As for "Datang The biography of Master Sanzang" written by his disciples Huihe and Yan Cong, it adds a lot of myths to Xuanzang's experience. Since then, the story of Tang Priest's Buddhist scriptures has been widely circulated among the Han people. There were poems by three monks in the Tang Dynasty in the Southern Song Dynasty, Tang Sanzang and Pan in the Jin Dynasty, Tang Sanzang's "Learning from the Western Heaven" in Wu Changling, and "Great Sage" in the Fifth Ming Dynasty, all of which laid the foundation for The Journey to the West's creation. It is on the basis of Han folk stories, scripts and operas that Wu Cheng'en completed this great literary masterpiece through hard re-creation.
3 Journey to the West Manuscripts: Main Characters
Tang Seng
Tang Priest, the common surname is Chen, posthumous title Jiang Liuer, and Tang Taizong gave his surname to Tang. Reincarnated as the second disciple of Buddha, Jin Chan. He is a posthumous child. Because of his parents' tragic and bizarre experiences, he grew up in a temple after becoming a monk, became a monk in Jinshan Temple, and finally moved to a famous temple in Beijing to practice. Tang Priest is studious and highly savvy, and stands out among the monks in the temple. Finally, he was selected by Emperor Taizong, became sworn with him and went to the Western Heaven to learn from the scriptures. On the way to get the scriptures, the Tang Priest accepted three apprentices, the Monkey King, Pig Bajie and Friar Sand, who were named Wukong (who was chosen by Bodhi's founder and named Monkey by Tang Priest), Wuneng and Wukong respectively. After that, with the help of three disciples and Bai, he finally got back thirty-five scriptures from Leiyin Temple. Merit is complete, promotion and wealth are the positive results, and an ancient sandalwood merit was named Buddha. Honest and kind, dedicated to Buddha, kind.
Sun Wukong
The Monkey King, also known as Monkey King, Wukong and Monkey King, is known as the Great Sage of the Monkey King. Born in Dongsheng Shenzhou in 578 BC, Lingshi of Aolai was born. In order to seek eternal life, he crossed the ocean alone. After 1989, he learned to talk and walk, waded through mountains and rivers, worshipped Bodhi's ancestor in Sanxing Cave of Fangcun Mountain in Niulingtai, and learned the skills of the earth demon in seventy-two changes and somersaults. The Monkey King, whose magical power first appeared, caused chaos in the underworld and the Heavenly Palace, and was later embraced by the heaven and named Bi Marvin. Because of his low status, he returned to Guo Huashan, claiming to be the Great Sage of Qitian, and forcing heaven to recognize his title. Because of drunkenness, he disturbed the flat peach banquet of the Queen Mother, stole the elixir of the old gentleman, and was refined into the body of King Kong. By mistake, it was tempered in the alchemy furnace of Taishang Laojun. After that, it caused chaos in the Heavenly Palace, and 100,000 heavenly soldiers could not beat it. Later, he lost in the battle with the Tathagata Buddha and was crushed under the Five Elements Mountain for 500 years to repent and turn over a new leaf. Five hundred years later, the Tang Priest went to the Western Heaven to learn Buddhist scriptures, passed by Wuxing Mountain, and broke the spell before he saved the Monkey King. The Monkey King was so grateful that Guanyin Bodhisattva enlightened him, worshipped Tang Priest as his teacher and went to the Western Heaven to learn Buddhist scriptures. On the way to learn from the scriptures, the Monkey King exorcised demons and made many remarkable achievements. However, he was twice misunderstood and expelled by Tang Priest and his disciples. Finally, the four of them arrived at the Buddhist Leiyin Temple and got the true scriptures. In the end, it was crowned with the name of "fighting for Buddha". It has become the embodiment of wisdom and courage in China folk culture, and China people regard it as a god. The Monkey King insists on justice, hates evil, is brave, enterprising, resourceful, flexible and opinionated, but narcissistic and arrogant, regardless of innocence.
Zhu Bajie
Also known as Zhu and Zhu. He used to be the "Marshal Tian Peng" in the Heavenly Palace, in charge of the Tianhe Shuifu. Because he was drunk at the peach banquet of the Queen Mother Yaochi, he broke into the Guanghan Palace in an attempt to flirt with Chang 'e. Chang 'e refused to listen again and again, hiding in Tibet and being unhappy. He was summoned by the Lingguan to play the jade emperor, which angered the jade emperor and was banished to the world. But I threw the wrong pig fetus and became a wild boar. After practice, he became a pig-faced man. Gao Cuilan, a young lady from Gaojiasan, was captured in Gaolaozhuang and later surrendered by the Monkey King, who followed Tang Priest to learn Buddhist scriptures in the West. In the end, it came naturally, and the title was "net altar messenger". He is lazy, simple and honest, timid, greedy and cheap, and lustful, but he is gentle and kind, full of human feelings. It killed the sow, killed the pigs, and adopted the second sister of the egg (a dead egg laid by a phoenix, turned into a demon because of its powerful gas field) to Zhanyun Mountain Cave in Fuling Mountain. Unexpectedly, the second sister of the egg died a year later, leaving him with only one abode of fairies and immortals. At this time, I live in Yunzhan Cave and call myself "a pig." The Tang Priest, seeking Buddhist scriptures in the West, passed by Gao Laozhuang and had a fight with the Monkey King in Zhanyun Cave. When he heard the name of Tang Priest, he went to visit him. After being accepted as a second apprentice by Tang Priest, Tang Priest nicknamed him "Bajie" to prevent him from eating five meats and three evils. Bajie became the Monkey King's good helper from then on, and together they protected Tang Priest from going to the Western Heaven for Buddhist scriptures.
Sha Gojeyo
Also known as Friar Sand, Friar Sand. Originally a confined general in the Heavenly Palace, he broke the glass lamp at the flat peach party, angered the Queen Mother, was banished to the world, was turned into a monster by the Liusha River, and suffered the pain of thousands of arrows piercing the heart. Later, he was subdued by Tang Priest, who was in charge of leading horses. After it was completed, it was named "Golden Lohan". Honest and honest, hardworking but not independent.
White Dragon Horse
Also known as Little White Dragon (Ao Lie). Bai, who was originally the third prince of the West Sea Dragon King, will be beheaded for setting fire to pearls given by the Jade Emperor, violating the dogma. Later, due to the appearance of Guanyin Bodhisattva in the South China Sea, she was exempted from the death penalty and was banished to Snake Mountain and other Tang Priests for Buddhist scriptures. Later, after eating the white horse that Tang Priest rode by mistake, he was enlightened by the Bodhisattva, turned white, converted to Buddhism, took Tang Priest to the West to learn Buddhist scriptures, and finally became a positive result, and was promoted to the Bodhisattva of Eight Tianlong Guangli. After that, he recovered his body in the Hualong Pool and coiled it around the huge observation post of Radeyin Temple.
Journey to the West is a handwritten newspaper. The Journey to the West is one of China's four classical novels and the work of novelist Wu Cheng'en. The Journey to the West is also a famous book we are most familiar with. It has been remake into various TV series and movies, which makes our familiarity with it go up several steps. 4 The Journey to the West Manuscripts: Literary Features
The Journey to the West is the most outstanding ghost novel full of fantastic ideas in the history of China literature. Wu Cheng'en, the author, used romanticism to soar with unparalleled imagination, portrayed a colorful, magical and magnificent fantasy world, created a series of fascinating fairy tales, and successfully shaped the idealized hero image of the Monkey King. In the fantasy world, it reflects secular human feelings and feelings in a tortuous way, shows fresh human wisdom, and is full of realistic flesh and blood and rich flavor of life. The Journey to the West, with his unique thoughts and artistic charm, brought readers into the beautiful art palace and felt its artistic charm.
The artistic features of Journey to the West can be summarized in two words: one is illusory, the other is interesting; Not ordinary. Fantasy, fantasy, is not an ordinary interest, but a strange interest. Through bold and rich artistic imagination and fascinating stories, the novel creates a magical and gorgeous mythical world. The Journey to the West's artistic imagination is peculiar, rich and bold, which is rare in ancient and modern novels. The Monkey King's world is close to the fairyland of fairy tales, which is very interesting, and in this world, there are all kinds of strange and interesting monsters, which are really strange and colorful. Romantic fantasy originated from real life reflects the world and human feelings in the description of fantasy. The characters, plots, scenes, even magic weapons and weapons of Journey to the West are full of imagination, but they are all condensed with real life experiences, which can reveal the breath of life in fantasy and reflect human feelings for readers to understand and accept.
The Journey to the West's artistic charm depends not only on his fantastic imagination, but also on his interest. Among China's classical novels, The Journey to the West is arguably the most interesting and entertaining work. Although the journey to learn from the scriptures is full of dangerous mountains and waters, monsters and ghosts emerge in endlessly, and the Monkey King's victory is hard-won, the reader's reading experience is always relaxed and full of pleasure, without any sense of tension and heaviness.
The Journey to the West's curiosity reflects the character's ideological character. The Monkey King's generous and optimistic comedy character; Funny but simple and simple image of Pig Bajie. Their humorous and interesting conversations add a lot of color to the article. Characters' personalities are often expressed incisively and vividly through funny dialogues, which is another major feature of Curiosity of Journey to the West. The combination of divinity, humanity and naturalness in character description is also an important reason why The Journey to the West makes people curious. The so-called divinity refers to the illusion of image; The so-called humanity refers to the sociality of the image; Nature refers to the nature of animals. The Journey to the West shows a deified animal world, and at the same time, it is integrated into social life.
Journey to the West spread the wings of fantasy, soaring in wonderful fantasy, and his fantasy thinking mode has surreal advanced consciousness. The Journey to the West's fantasy art is indeed a valuable ideological wealth and rich artistic wealth. The Journey to the West is not only a masterpiece of China literature, but also a treasure of world literature.
5 Journey to the West Manuscript: Celebrity Comments
The Journey to the West is nothing more than an interesting novel and an interesting fairy tale. He didn't mean anything subtle. At best, he is a bit cynical. This cynicism is also obvious; He's not hiding, and we don't have to ask for it. "-Hu Shi
Although the author is a Confucian scholar, this book is really a game, not a language. Therefore, the book only occasionally talks about the five elements, especially not learning Buddhism. So it has been popular for a long time since the end of the term. Therefore, its works are also a mixture of Buddhism and the old gentleman, truth and the original god, so that believers of the three religions have to attach themselves to it as appropriate. "-Lu Xun
The Journey to the West is a work aimed at saving the fallen human mind and spirit. Journey to the West is also a work about anti-corruption. Liu Ge
The Journey to the West is full of lies, but his vertical and horizontal changes, with apes as his mind and pigs as his heart's qi, his initial indulgence, heaven and earth, can not be banned, but belongs to a kind of magic spell, which can tame people's hearts, subdue him to death, and also seek relief from cover. -thank you
Westerners only translate The Journey to the West into China's fairy tales, but they don't know that it contains Indian and China religious thoughts of the unity of man and nature, and it also contains profound truth. I have watched The Journey to the West four or five times. A few years ago, I watched it word for word. I really want to pick up a pen and criticize every sentence. It's really well written, and the principles of monasticism are all included. -Nan Huai Jin.