First, the eight masters of Tang and Song Dynasties
1, Han Yu
Han Yu (768-824 65438+February 25th) was born in Heyang, Henan (now mengzhou city, Henan). Self-proclaimed "King of Changli County", known as "Han Changli" and "Mr. Changli" in the world. An outstanding writer, thinker, philosopher and politician in the Tang Dynasty.
Han Yu was an advocate of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, and was honored by later generations as the first of the "eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties". He and Liu Zongyuan are also called "Liu Han", and they are known as "great writers" and "one hundred generations of literators". Later generations, together with Liu Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi, are also called "the four great writers of the ages".
2. Liu Zongyuan
Liu Zongyuan (AD 773-AD 8 19165438+1October 28th), a native of Hedong (now Yongji area in Yuncheng, Shanxi Province), was one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and was known as "Liu Hedong" and "Mr. Hedong" in the Tang Dynasty.
Liu Zongyuan and Han Yu are called Liu Han, Liu Yuxi is called Liu Liu, and Wang Wei, Meng Haoran and Wei Wuying are called Wang Meng.
3. Ouyang Xiu
Ouyang Xiu (65438+August 20071-1September 22, 072), whose real name is Yongshu, was born in Yongfeng, Jizhou (now Yongfeng County, Ji 'an City, Jiangxi Province), and was a politician and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Because Jizhou originally belonged to Luling County, it called itself "Ouyang Xiu of Luling". Posthumous title Wenzhong, a bachelor of Hanlin, a deputy envoy of the Council and a political adviser, is called Ouyang Wenzhong. Tired of giving a surname and a duke of Chu.
4. Su Shi
Su Shi (1037 65438+10.8-1August 24), also known as He Zhong, Tieguan Taoist, Dongpo layman, Su Dongpo, Su Xian, Han nationality, Meishan, Meizhou (now Sichuan)
Su Shi was a literary leader in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, and made great achievements in poetry, ci, writing, calligraphy and painting. His writing is arbitrary; His poems are broad in subject matter, fresh and healthy, good at exaggeration and metaphor, and unique in style. He is also called "Su Huang" with Huang Tingjian. His words are bold and unconstrained, and they are both bold and unconstrained representatives with Xin Qiji, and they are also called "Su Xin".
5. Su Xun
Su Xun (1May 22, 2009—1May 22, 066, 2 1) was born in Meishan, Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan). Writers of the Northern Song Dynasty, together with their sons Su Shi and Su Zhe, are world-famous for their literature, known as the "Three Soviets" in the world, and both of them are included in the "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties".
Su Xun is good at prose, especially at political theory, with clear exposition and vigorous writing style. He wrote 20 volumes of Jia and 3 volumes of Interpretation of the Law, all of which were handed down to the world together with Biography of the History of Song Dynasty.
6. Su Zhe
Su Zhe (1March 03918-1June 2, 5438+001October 25), the word ziyou, the word uncle, was named late for welcoming guests. Meizhou Meishan (now Sichuan) people. A writer and prime minister in the Northern Song Dynasty, one of the "Eight Great Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties".
His knowledge of life was deeply influenced by his father and brother, and he was famous for his prose and was good at political theory and historical theory. Su Shi said that his prose is "Wang Yang's wandering, with songs and sighs, and outstanding spirit is indispensable". ?
His poems try to catch up with Su Shi, with unpretentious style and poor literary talent. Su Zhe is also good at calligraphy, which is chic, neat and orderly. Author of Luan City Collection.
7.wang Anshi
Wang Anshi (102 1 year1February 81May 2, 0861day), Han nationality, Linchuan Mid-Levels, was a famous thinker, politician, writer and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty.
In literature, Wang Anshi made outstanding achievements. His prose is concise, short and pithy, with clear arguments, strict logic and strong persuasiveness, which gives full play to the practical functions of ancient Chinese prose and ranks among the "eight masters of Tang and Song Dynasties".
8. Ceng Gong
Ceng Gong (10 19 September 30th-1083 April 30th) was born in Nanfeng (now Nanfeng County, Jiangxi Province), a writer, historian and politician in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Ceng Gong, who is honest, diligent and concerned about people's livelihood, and Zeng Zhao, Ceng Bu, Zeng Yi, Zeng Xie and Zeng Dun are also called "Nanfeng Seven Zeng". Ceng Gong's literary achievements are outstanding, and his works are "quaint, straight and harmonious", ranking among the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and being praised as "Mr. Nanfeng" by the world.
Second, the four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty
Wang Bo 1
Wang Bo (about 650-676), Zi 'an, Han nationality, was a writer in the Tang Dynasty. Longmen (now Hejin, Shanxi Province), a native of Gujiangzhou, was born in a Confucian family, and was called "Wang Luo" and "four outstanding men in the early Tang Dynasty" with Yang Jiong and Lu.
Wang Bo was smart and studious since he was a child. According to Old Tang Book, he was able to write articles at the age of six, and he was known as a "child prodigy". At the age of nine, I read Yan Shigu's Notes on Hanshu and wrote ten volumes of Finger Defects to correct my mistakes. At the age of sixteen, he was appointed Saburo at the request of Su You Branch.
He was kicked out of Pei Wang Fu for "cockfighting". After that, Wang Bo spent three years traveling in Bashu mountains and rivers and wrote a lot of poems. After returning to Chang 'an, he asked Zhou Guo to join the army.
When he joined the army, he was demoted twice for killing government slaves privately. In August of the 3rd year of Shang Dynasty (676), Tang Gaozong returned from visiting his father and drowned across the sea.
He is good at five laws and five unique skills, and his representative works include "Farewell to Vice Governor Du to Shu". The main literary achievement is parallel prose, which is the best in quantity and quality. His masterpiece is Preface to Wang Teng Pavilion.
2. Yang Jiong
Yang Jiong (about 650-693), a native of Huayin, Huazhou (present-day Shaanxi), was a writer in the Tang Dynasty, and he was also known as "Four Masters" in the early Tang Dynasty.
Yang Jiong grew up smart and knowledgeable. In the fourth year of Tang Xianqing (659), he was promoted with his younger brother at the order of a boy. In the following year, it should be promoted by Hong Wen Pavilion, and in the third year of Shangyuan (676), it should be promoted by secretary and provincial proofreader.
In the first year of Tang Yongchun (682), he was promoted to Prince (Li Xian) Zhan Shi Zhi, and in the second year of Tang Chuigong (686), he was demoted to Zizhou Judicial Army. In the first year of Tang Ruyi (692), he served as the commander-in-chief of Yingchuan and died in the second year of Ruyi (693).
Yang Jiong's literary talent is outstanding, and he is good at writing prose, especially poetry. There are more than 30 existing poems, which are characterized by five words, such as Joining the Army, Going out to the Great Wall, Fighting South of the City, Purple Horse, etc., with great momentum and bold style, showing the fighting spirit of making contributions to the country.
In art, neat antithesis and harmonious phonology have both the rigorous style of metrical poetry and the distinctive features of Yuefu poetry. Other poems that sing in harmony and set foot on the journey have little characteristics and have not completely escaped the colorful wind. There are more than 50 pieces of fu, preface, table, monument, inscription, ambition and shape.
Yang Jiong opposed palace poetry and advocated the style of "backbone" and "charm". His poems have the characteristics of breaking through the "palace style" of Qi and Liang Dynasties in both content and artistic style, and occupy a place in the history of poetry development. In the Ming Dynasty, Tong Pei compiled ten volumes of Yang Yingchuan Collection.
3. Lu
Lu (about 636- 695), a native of Fanyang, Youzhou, Han nationality, was a poet in the early Tang Dynasty.
Lu was born into a noble family. Ren Yizhou Xindu (now near Chengdu, Sichuan) is the governor. In literature, he is as famous as Wang Bo, Yang Jiong and Wang Luobin, and is called "four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty". Lv Shengji consists of seven volumes, and the mourning subset edited and annotated by Zhang Xie in Ming Dynasty.
Lu Yougong's poems are parallel prose, with good poetic style, and many beautiful sentences are full of praise, such as "Why did you quit your job when you were more successful than your eyes?" Better be a mandarin duck than a fairy, etc., is praised as a classic by later generations.
4. Luo
Luo (about 619-about 687 AD), Han nationality, born in Yiwu, Wuzhou (now Yiwu, Zhejiang), was a poet in the Tang Dynasty.
In the emperor's Yonghui, Li, the king of Taoism, was a master of martial arts and Chang 'an. In three years, Yifeng became a counselor, was imprisoned for something, and was pardoned the following year. After two years of exposure, except for Linhai Cheng, he resigned in frustration. When Xu Jingye attacked Wu Zetian, King Robin wrote "Asking for Wu Zhao for Xu Jingye" for him.
An election campaign listed the crimes of Wuhou, which was very touching. When Wu Hou read this sentence, "A handful of dirt is wet, and six feet are lonely (where)", he was extremely shocked and asked the Prime Minister why he didn't reuse this person earlier. After the defeat, Wang's whereabouts were unknown, or he was killed by the rebels or fled into an empty door.
Together with Yang Jiong and Lu, they are called "four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty". He uses bold words and strict rules. Long articles such as "Imperial Capital" are intertwined with five or seven words, which are both sarcasm and self-injury; Poems such as "Give People a Water" are sad and generous in the cross, with endless feelings. There is a collection of Wang Luobin's works.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties
Baidu Encyclopedia-Four Masters in Early Tang Dynasty