The full text of "Foreign Discipline" is *** 764 words.
"Qian Chu Shi Biao" comes from Volume 35 of "Three Kingdoms·Zhuge Liang Biography". It was during the Three Kingdoms Period (227) before Zhuge Liang, the Prime Minister of the Shu Han Dynasty, decided to go north to attack Wei and capture Chang'an (the site of today's Chang'an City in the Han Dynasty). A letter to the late master Liu Chan. The purpose is to persuade the emperor to inherit the legacy of the late emperor, to open up the public, to be strict about rewards and punishments, to be close to virtuous ministers and to distant people, and to complete the great cause of reviving the Han Dynasty. It expresses Zhuge Liang's sincere feelings for the late emperor's kindness and his determination to conquer the Central Plains.
This essay is mainly argumentative, with both narrative and lyrical elements. Encourage the queen with sincere and tactful words. At the same time, he also expressed his thoughts of committing himself to the country and being loyal. The full text neither resorts to gorgeous rhetoric nor quotes ancient allusions, and is mostly written in four-character sentences.
The first half analyzes the political situation at that time that cannot be slacked off, expounds the necessity and urgency of opening up the Holy Spirit, agreeing with the law at home and abroad, and trusting the virtuous. It is hoped that the successor will work hard to govern and quickly change the passivity of being huddled in a corner of the southwest. situation; in the second half, he reviews his life experience, remembers the kindness of the late emperor who "visited the thatched cottage three times" and showed his ambition to succeed in this Northern Expedition.
Extended information
Creative background: In the first year of Shu Zhangwu (221), Liu Bei became emperor and Zhuge Liang became prime minister. In the first year of Jianxing of the Shu Han Dynasty (223 years), Liu Bei died of illness and Liu Chan was entrusted to Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang implemented a series of relatively correct political and economic measures, which brought prosperity to the Shuhan territory. In order to achieve the unification of the country, after quelling the rebellion in the south, Zhuge Liang decided to go north to attack Wei in the fifth year of Jianxing (227), intending to capture Wei's Chang'an. Before leaving, he wrote a letter to the emperor, which was the "Departure of the Army".
The most notable feature of the language in this article is its frankness and simplicity, expressing sincere and loyal feelings. It mentions "the late emperor" thirteen times and "your majesty" seven times. The thoughts of "repaying the late emperor" and "loyalty to His Majesty" run through the whole text. He never forgets the late emperor's "legacy" and "edict", and always thinks of the late emperor, hoping that he will accomplish the late emperor's unfinished mission of "reviving the Han Dynasty". The full text neither resorts to gorgeous rhetoric nor quotes ancient allusions. Every sentence does not lose the identity of a courtier and is in line with the tone of the elders.
The text is mostly written in four-character sentences, and there are also some neat and stable parallelism sentences, such as "The guards are unremitting at home, and the loyal people forget about themselves outside", "To preserve one's life in troubled times, "Don't ask for knowledge and reach the princes" and "Receive orders when the army is defeated, and take orders in danger", which reflects the trend of the times when parallel prose began to rise in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.