Zhao Mengfu contributed a lot to the rise of Zhu in Yuan Dynasty. According to legend, Zhao's prints, such as Seal of Zhao Mengfu and Seal of Song Xue Zhai, are elegant and elegant, praised by later generations and called "Yuan Zhuwen". Because Zhao lived in the Yuan Dynasty most of his life, later generations got this name. Yuan Zhuwen has several characteristics in shape. First, according to Shuo Wen, Xiao Zhuan changed characters. Second, the strokes are round and there are no square folds. Third, the joints of strokes are solder joints. Fourth, the words are mostly square.
Yuan Zhu Wenyin = Yuan Zhu Wenyin
Round Zhu Wen is actually the common name of Yuan Zhuwen. It is generally believed that the so-called "round prose turns charming" comes from Chen Lian in Qing Dynasty, so it is called round prose. If you want to "flow like spring flowers and dance like wind, light clouds come out of the hole", you must have a writing feature that the folding pen of each word must be a round pen, so it is not inappropriate to call this seal "round Zhu Wen" now.
Zhuxi text printing
The category of refined Zhu is very large, including at least the neat and slender seal script sounds such as Yuan Zhu Wen and Tiexian Chuan of various schools since the Ming Dynasty. Broadly speaking, should we also include, for example, Huang Shiling, Ye Lvyuan and other three generations of inscriptions, imperial edicts, weights and measures, weapons and finely printed seals on ritual vessels?
To sum up, to sum up briefly, fine Zhu includes Yuan (Yuan) Zhu. Generally speaking, all kinds of Jing Yang articles since Ming and Qing Dynasties can be called Jing Zhu, but not all of them can be called Yuan Zhu. There are always different opinions about the emergence of refined Zhu, and there are two more influential ones: one is Zhao Mengfu's theory, which originated in Yuan Dynasty, and is found in Gao and Chen Lian's in Qing Dynasty. The other theory began in the Six Dynasties. Zhao, a famous calligraphy seal engraver in the Qing Dynasty, said in his "Jingshan" chapter: "Zhu Wen was like this in the Six Dynasties, but in modern times it refers to me and Zhao Er. In Viet Nam, if a child borrows money from buddhist nun and a family, it will help him learn to be old. This behavior became a masterpiece. The appearance of a day is full of life, leisure and complacency. It's really ignorant, let alone Wei and Jin dynasties ... ". Both of these views seem to only put forward the finalization period of seal script, but not explicitly put forward the appearance of seal script.
Everything in the world has a process of emergence and development, and of course, seal script Zhu is no exception. It could never have suddenly formed out of thin air in the Yuan Dynasty. It must have had its embryonic stage before the Yuan Dynasty. In this regard, we can find some clues from the seals handed down from generation to generation: China's seal is "big in Yang" and "big in Cai", with a flowing word and fine lines, revealing some news of later generations; The Records of Guanyang County in the Tang Dynasty and Zhaojun Sushi in the Song Dynasty were used by Su Shi, and the characters were Xiao Zhuan instead of the nine pairs of seals that were popular at that time. The lines were smooth and fine, paving the way for the rise of Yuan Zhuwen. Therefore, we have reason to believe that the printing style of round beads had a prototype before the Yuan Dynasty.
There were two ways to seal the altar in the late Qing Dynasty, vigorous and steady, and it was a form of confrontation: Wu Changshuo's pen was blunt and sharp-edged, and Gu Zhuo's seal style was famous in the north and south, while Zhao Shi, who was slow and steady all the way, contended. Zhao Shi's printed works, besides studying Zhou and Qin seal cutting and dabbling in Zhejiang School, devoted his life to Zhu Wen printing. Zhao Shi's round beads are sedate and quiet, which is not comparable to the plain quality of fine beads in Song and Yuan Dynasties. Mr. Chen Julai, a disciple of Zhao Shi, pushed this road printing style to the extreme.
In modern and modern printing circles, fine Zhu Wenyin is divided into three subspecies.
First, Zhu Yuan, the representative of Yuan Dynasty, inherited the method of Zhao Mengfu, Peng and Hao Yuan's "Taoist in Water Mirror Palace", and his calligraphy was mixed with two seal characters, which was full of harmony. Such as "Dafengtang Collection Seal, Julai Painting Pine, Wu Hufan Jingshu Pan Collection Seal".
Second, the New Zhejiang School, represented by Han Dengan and Wu Putang, developed from Zhao Jingzhu, is good at multi-character, steady and slightly stylized, based solely on personalized seal script, with slightly curved lines, which is obviously different from the typical round Zhu. Shaped like iron wire, thin and healthy "(see Chen Lian's" Yin Shuo ") is generally called the iron wire seal of fine Zhu. To show that it is different from round ink. For example: "The Anhui Provincial Museum has spread that people wish to live a long life, which is beautiful for thousands of miles. "
Thirdly, the small seal script of Zhu Wen, represented by modern Qian Juntao, is a legacy of Deng He, which exaggerates the effect of "printing from the book". For example: "Yanshan mining graphite, clouds cover the mountains and connect the sky."
Today, more and more people pay attention to and love all kinds of fine Zhu, which will surely have a broader development prospect and become a wonderful flower in China seal cutting garden!