Tongtianyan Scenic Area includes ancient stone carving area and modern leisure area. The ancient stone carving area is the core and essence of the scenic spot, which is mainly composed of five caves: Guanxin Rock, Forgetting Rock, Longhu Rock, Tiantongyan and Cuiweiyan.
Entering the mountain gate of the scenic spot, along the stone road paved with flaky stones, bypassing the mountain pond, climbing the stone steps, and passing through a quiet valley, a quiet cave suddenly appeared in front of you. With lush trees and rugged roads, it is the place where the famous philosopher Wang Yangming gives lectures. Besides, the big hole is covered with small holes. In the cave, Mr. Yangming is teaching his To Conscience to his disciples Chen Jiuchuan and Zou Shouyi, asking students to emphasize self-cultivation and asserting that "the principle of everything is nothing more than my heart" and "the heart is clear and natural", so later generations call his teaching place "Guanxin Rock". Wang Yangming, also known as Wang Shouren, was born in Yuyao, Zhejiang, and was a famous Neo-Confucianism in Ming Dynasty. In the eleventh year of Zheng De (A.D. 15 16), Wang Yangming served as the governor of Gannan in Ganzhou, and later served as the minister of Nanjing Ministry of War. At that time, Wang Yangming put down the "Chen Hao rebellion" in Gannan. In his spare time, he gave lectures in Guan Xinyan and took Zou Shouyi and others as disciples. During his lecture in Ganzhou, he laid a theoretical foundation for his development of Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties.
Walking along the stone steps, there is a Danxia cave formed by weathering and peeling on the mountainside. In midsummer, tourists stroll here, but they find the cool breeze in Xu Lai refreshing, hence the name "Forgetting to Return to the Rock".
There is a beautiful story about this Danxia piercing.
From ancient times to the present, Ganzhou City is a beautiful place, but there has never been a famous person. Why? Geomantic speaking, it is because the outlet of the downstream Ganjiang River is too big and the geomantic omen is not good, and all of them flow northward with the rolling river, so many celebrities have poured out of Ji 'an area in the downstream of Ganzhou City. In ancient times, there was a big fairy who wanted to keep the good scenery of Ganzhou City. He chose two beautiful fairy mountains in Penglai Wonderland, and wanted to put them on the west bank of Chutan and lock Shuikou and Chushan on the east bank. Daxian came to Tongtianyan and was discovered by the father-in-law of the land. Father Land saw two beautiful fairy mountains and thought, Why not leave them here? So Father Land learned to crow like a rooster. Immortals can't do things during the day, because they are afraid of being seen by mortals and can't return to the celestial world. Daxian was walking on a mountain. When he heard the cock crow, he thought it would be dawn soon, and left two mountains in a hurry. Since then, the two fairy mountains have remained in Tongtianyan. Up to now, there is a through hole in the Forgetting Worry Rock and the Ritual Buddha Rock in Tongtianyan Scenic Area, which is said to be made of bamboo shoulders when Daxian was carrying mountains.
Legend belongs to legend. In fact, hundreds of thousands of years ago, it was an ocean. Later, with the movement of the earth's crust, the land rose, the ocean retreated and was eroded by wind and rain, forming what it is now. When we looked up, these rock formations were traces left by seawater erosion. Look! The rocks here are deep and exquisite, and the valleys developed on the red bedrock crisscross. On both sides of the valley, there are dozens of meters high Red Cliff in Ya Dan. The dense forest at the bottom of the valley is full of vitality and is a typical representative of Danxia landform.
On the steep mountain wall on the left side of Fogui Rock, there is a huge inscription. The inscription is 3.5 in height and 2.3 in width, with 36 words in full text. It was written by Li Dazheng in the Southern Song Dynasty. It is magnificent, like the sun and the moon. Li Dazheng was a native of Jian 'ou, Fujian in the Southern Song Dynasty, and was closely related to Xin Qiji. He once held the post of Diankeng in Ganzhou (the official in charge of coinage). At that time, Ganzhou was the place where coins were minted in China. It can be seen that as early as 800 years ago, Ganzhou's economy was very prosperous and its metallurgical industry was very developed. Let me see. There is a statue of Lohan on the top side of this inscription. It is said that Li Dazhang is paying money to protect this inscription. How dedicated and lifelike he is!
This five-character poem by Wang Yangming, a Neo-Confucianist in the Ming Dynasty, is the most valuable in the whole "Forgetting the Rock Inscription". This poem is written like this: "Green hills are everywhere, so they must be round, but if you are idle, the world will be covered with dust." At the beginning of Xilin, at the beginning of the bright moon, the stone bed is cold, and the hole is not swept in autumn. "It not only depicts the scenery, but also expresses Mr. Wang Yangming's complex psychological activities. Among them, the cool stone bed refers to the stone bed on both sides of this cave for tourists to rest. This poem had a great influence on the next 400 years. Some scholars admire the name of Mr. Yang Ming, and most of his poems are sung with the rhyme of Mr. Yang Ming.
After crossing the Forgotten Rock, my eyes suddenly opened up. I looked up and saw the cliff flying. Cliff stone carving 18, and 6 statues of eighteen arhats. Let's look at the Lohan Songzi carved in the Northern Song Dynasty. The statue supports its head with its left hand, and puts the unicorn on its abdomen with its right hand, with its left leg bent and its right leg bent. This is an arhat, which can bring welcome and celebration to people.
I don't know when it started, there was a custom among Ganzhou people, that is, married women of childbearing age stood with their backs to this arhat and threw pebbles back. If they hit the reproductive part of this arhat, they will definitely have a fat son. According to the elders, throwing stones at this arhat to beg for children is very effective. For hundreds of years, this arhat not only didn't enjoy fireworks, but also suffered a lot of stones. Now he is black and blue and unrecognizable. Some customs are stupid. Now people's ideas have changed. Anyway, only one child is allowed, both men and women are the same. They are the continuation of life and the apple of their eye. There are basically no stone throwers here. The awareness of protecting cultural relics and protecting the environment has been greatly enhanced. Our society should advocate this kind of good atmosphere. I hope that from today, from now on, * * * will take care of everything here and the cultural relics here!
As we walked, we admired these arhats with exquisite craftsmanship and different expressions. Some of these arhats have weathered and some have been destroyed. Lohan with folded hands and a string of beads hanging on his chest is a twisted bead Lohan, which is the best preserved among the eighteen Lohan. This is due to the local people. During the "Cultural Revolution", they covered the whole Luohan statue with mud, making it intact in autumn.
Further on, it is the earliest ballroom in Gannan built by Mr. Jiang Jingguo when he was the governor of the fourth administrative region of Jiangxi Province of the Kuomintang in Ganzhou. Mr Jiang Jingguo came to Gannan in 1939, and he advocated the new life movement. Tongtianyan is not far from Ganzhou and the scenery is beautiful. He built a ballroom here. Every weekend, he will come here to dance with his subordinate officials, which is also part of his new life. There is also a summer house in front of him. On the stone tablet next to the ballroom, Mr. Yuan Qingyi, Mr. Jiang Jingguo's secretary, wrote the six characters "The First Grottoes in the South of the Yangtze River". He didn't go to Taiwan Province province. After liberation, he was an employee of the gearbox factory and is still alive. He often teaches children to learn calligraphy.
Follow the tree-lined path and step into Longhu Rock. Longhuyan is a Danxia cave, about 100 meters long, named after the golden dragon and the double lake. This statue is called Dragon Tree King. He is the founder of Mahayana Buddhism, and Jinlong and Shuanghu are its guardians. There is a golden dragon carved on his left. Jinlong's back is hidden in the rock, and his front paws are open, as if walking leisurely. On the right are two white tiger stone carvings. They seem to be playing around the Dragon Tree King. The whole statue constitutes a vivid "Dragon and Tiger Leisure Play Map". On the rocks next to this group of statues, the words "Tongxin Rock" are engraved, which was inscribed by Zhaowen Liu in the Ming Dynasty. At that time, he traveled all over Tian Yan. When he saw this group of statues, he was deeply moved. He wrote the word "concentric rock" on the rock to express his concern for the country and people. He hoped that officials at the top and bottom of the imperial court would not be "in-fighting" or "in-fighting", but would live in harmony and Qi Xin would make concerted efforts to govern the country. In addition, the two arhats on the rock, Crouching Tiger and Dragon, belong to the eighteen arhats system along the Rock of Forgetting Return, both of which are statues of the Song Dynasty.
Longhuyan is also the cave with the largest number of cliff stone carvings in Tongtianyan Scenic Area. * * * 39 inscriptions by celebrities in past dynasties. Its stylistic forms include titles, inscriptions, poems, statues, auspicious words and so on. , its content involves politics, history, religion, culture and other aspects. It is a valuable material for studying China's calligraphy, stone carving art and local history. Among them, there is a travel note with 406 words, which is the most carved by Tongtianyan. Among these numerous inscriptions, Chen Shixiong's inscription in Song Dynasty has high historical value. This travel note was written in Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty. At that time, there were many peasant uprisings in the mountainous areas of southern Jiangxi. The first half of this travel note describes that the court sent troops to suppress a peasant uprising in Dayu County, and the time, place and characters are relatively reliable. This is a rare historical material for studying the history of peasant war and the local history of southern Jiangxi.
Tang Bangzuo left three kinds of poems in Tongtianyan during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, and his calligraphy artistic attainments were very high. His handwriting is an artistic masterpiece in the stone carving of Tongtianyan Cliff. His calligraphy is vigorous, elegant and free, which is the best of all schools. Whether it is brushwork, structure or composition, it is unique. Tang Bangzuo, a native of Lanxi, Zhejiang, was born as a scholar. Because he offended powerful people, he was demoted to Ganzhou as a general judge, which is equivalent to the position of staff adviser. He is an idle person. Although this man is brilliant, he has a bad habit, that is, he thinks he is incompetent and arrogant. When he engraves his own works, he often engraves them next to people who are older than his official position, and chisels out the inscriptions of his predecessors to vent his dissatisfaction. This will naturally be criticized by future generations.