Introduction: The following is the relevant content I have collected about the four great masters of Yuan poetry. Welcome everyone to read and refer to it!
The four great masters of Yuan poetry
The Yuan Dynasty entered the dynasty After the middle period, as Confucianism gained official respect, the imperial examination was restored, and social culture was further "Chinese". In this context, the poetry world at this time had a flavor of "the sound of the prosperous age", and its main representatives were Yu Ji, Yang Zai, Fan Zhen and Jiexisi, known as the "Four Schools of Yuan Dynasty". The four are the main embodiments of Yanyou's poetic style, and are also considered the most representative poets of the Yuan Dynasty.
Portrait of Yu Ji
Yu Ji (1272? 1348) was named Bosheng, also known as Daoyuan, later known as Wengsheng. When he was young, he wrote Shao Yong's poems on the wall and named his book house? Shao'an?, he was called Mr. Shao'an in his old life. The fifth grandson of Yu Yunwen, Prime Minister of the Song Dynasty, his ancestral home was Renshou (now part of Sichuan). After the death of the Song Dynasty, he moved with his father to Linchuan (now part of Jiangxi). In the early years of Emperor Chengzong's reign, he came to Dadu (today's Beijing) and recommended him as a professor of Confucianism in Dadu. During the reign of Renzong, he moved to Jixian to compile and edit the book. In addition to the Imperial Academy, he also served as the editor and editor of the Academy of National History. At the beginning of Taiding, he was appointed as the Secretary of the Imperial College, and moved to the position of Secretary and Young Supervisor. Later, he became a bachelor of the Imperial Academy, and also served as the Imperial Wine Festival. During the reign of Emperor Wenzong, he was a scholar at Kuizhang Pavilion and was ordered to compile the "Classic of Classics". After Wenzong died, he returned to his hometown. He stayed at home for 16 years and died in the eighth year of Zhengzheng (1348). He was given the posthumous title Wenjing.
During the Yanyou period, Yu Ji, Yang, Fan, and Jie were known as the four great writers, and Ji Ji was the most famous. "Summary of the General Catalog of Siku" commented: "The author Yun Xing was in the Yuan Dynasty. The great virtues and Yanyouyihui are particularly prosperous, and the old people in the Ci world must regard Ji as the mainstay. ?His poems are famous for their elegance and precision. Most of their descriptions of natural scenery are detailed and neat, and the poetic environment is elegant and tranquil. The famous sentence describing the spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, "apricot blossoms and spring rain in the south of the Yangtze River", was written by him. Expressing feelings of rise and fall and personal life experience is also a content of Yu's poems. For example, the famous "Elegy to the Prime Minister" expresses condolences for the fall of the Southern Song Dynasty's regime by eulogizing for Song Prime Minister Wen Tianxiang. The emotions are deep and painful, and among the Han intellectuals at that time It triggered quite a strong outcry of emotion.
I can only hold the golden sword away from the sun, but the southern crown is helpless and the north wind blows. Zifang was originally created by Han Qiu, but Zhuge Ning knew that Han Zuo had moved.
The dragons are far away when the clouds are dark, the tripod lakes are dark, and the cranes are late when the moon is shining brightly. There is no need to look up at the new pavilion, it is not as good as before when I shed tears.
("Elegy to the Prime Minister")
He is the author of fifty volumes of "Ancient Records of Daoyuan Studies", six volumes of "Daoyuan Manuscripts", etc. "Selected Poems of the Yuan Dynasty" contains 383 poems collected by Yu, and only one of the Sanqu "Zhegui Ling" remains.
"Shuilongyin Ci Volume" written by Yang Zai in running script
Yang Zai (1271? 1323) was a famous writer in the Yuan Dynasty. The courtesy name is Zhonghong, a native of Pucheng, who later moved to Hangzhou. At the age of forty, he was recommended by the commoners to be the editor and editor of the Hanlin Academy of National History, and edited "Wuzong Shilu". Renzong of Huiyuan resumed the imperial examination system, and became a Jinshi in the second year of Yanyou (1315), and was awarded Chengwu Lang, Raozhou Road and Fuliang Prefecture Affairs. He was recommended to the Mansion of Rulin Lang and Ningguo Road General Manager. He died in the third year of Zhizhi (1323) at the age of fifty-three.
Yang Zai was mainly active during the Dade and Yanyou years (1297-1320). He was quite famous at that time and was highly praised by Zhao Mengfu and others. Among the four poets of the Yuan Dynasty, Yang Zai has more of a romantic poet vibe. "History of the Yuan Dynasty" originally said that his writings were full of ups and downs, and so were his poems. But his dissipation is very measured, often reflected in a chic and elegant artistic conception. When bidding farewell to friends, imagine that the spring water in the south of the Yangtze River has risen, and the waves in the sky are full of light gulls ("Two Songs for Farewell"); or that you have returned to your hometown after a long absence, intoxicated by the scenery of the lakes and mountains, and that the small boat wants to travel no matter how far it is. Don't worry about getting drunk and needing help? ("Three Poems of Su Jun Yigong Hu Pavilion").
Yang Zai paid great attention to poetic techniques and admired the poetry of the Han, Wei and Tang Dynasties. He believed that the study of poetry should start from this point, and advocated that poetry should be based on the Han and Wei Dynasties, while the syllables should be based on the Tang Dynasty. There are excellent works in each style of poetry, and the most popular is the Qilu "Looking at the Moon in Zongyang Palace", which is called the "swan song" of Yang's poetry.
Laojun's stage is as cold as water, and he sits and watches the ice wheel turn for the second time. There are slight shadows on the mountains and rivers on the earth, and the wind and dew in the sky are silent.
The dragons rise together to carry the gold list, and the luan and the phoenix fly together to carry the jade sheng. If you don’t believe me, I will be weak for 30,000 miles, and I will arrive in Pengying tonight.
("Watching the Moon at Zongyang Palace")
Among the four families of Yu, Yang, Fan and Jie, Yang's poems have been handed down the least, and all his prose has been lost, because when Yang died, His son was still young, and the remaining manuscripts were left unedited. There are eight volumes of the collection of poems "Yang Zhonghong Collection" and one volume of "The Collection of Poems and Legalists".
"Collection of Poems by Fan Deji" book and photo
Fan Zhen (1271?1330), also known as Zhenfu, also known as Deji, was born in Qingjiang, Huguang (now part of Jiangxi). His family was poor and he was orphaned at an early age, but he was clever by nature and good at poetry. At the age of thirty-six, he began to travel to Kyoto, and his literary reputation became famous. Later, he was recommended by courtiers and served as Professor Zuo Wei during the reign of great virtues in the Yuan Dynasty. He was promoted to Zhaomo, Lian Fang Si, Hainan Haibei Province. Later, he was enshrined by Hanlin and became the governor of Minhai Road. He died of illness in the first year of Zhishun (1330) at the age of fifty-nine.
Most of Fan Zhen's poems describe daily life and social interactions with friends. The poems are melodious and have a clear artistic conception. He praised Han and Wei, studied Yan and Xie, and criticized the poetic style of "Zu Hui Li Qun". The "Short Biography of Fan Zhen" in the first collection of "Selected Poems of the Yuan Dynasty" said: "He is vigorous in writing, admiring the ancient poems of the Han Dynasty, and is especially good at writing songs and works in a modern style." Jiexisi once wrote the preface to Fan Zhen's collection of poems, also known as Fan Zhen You Hao Ge Xing. The poetry of poetry accounts for about a quarter of the existing collection of poems, showing a variety of moods and colors, some unrestrained (such as "Ling Yun Pian"); some implicit (such as "Wind Wheel Resentment"); and some grotesque (such as "Wind Wheel Resentment") "Fenghe Lian visited the envoy after the hurricane on November 1st"); some were angry (such as "The Song of Digging the Tomb"). The "Collection of Yuan Poems" of the Qing Dynasty collects three of Fan Zhen's seven ancient poems. Although it focuses on "Fuchuan Tangyin", it is also very insightful. One of them, "Inscribed on Li Bailang Guan Lake", is based on Fan Zhen's poetry creation. Both insights and practices are representative. In addition to long songs, Fan Zhen is also good at the Five Ancients. He once said: "The five words are in the kingdom and are carved by the craftsman" ("Ode to the Ancients").
At that time, Lang Guan was envoyed to Xianjing, and immortals came from thousands of miles to greet him. Painting boats and playing flutes while playing "Lushui", why does Fangzhou leave its old name behind? I don’t know the age of Tang Temple Wu? Only the water flowing from the east remains. Li Hou stood up from Liang Dongzhi alone, as if he had built a tower in the clouds. Flying over birds in the south, flying red in the north, living together in the present and ancient times. Wealth is like a glass of wine, and sorrow comes from nowhere to catch the west wind. Dabie Mountain is thousands of feet high, just across the city from the temple. The green ape cries in the moonlight at night, hanging on the stone wall of the East Lake. Li Hou was originally at Dounan's house. He was still recalling the misty clouds while leaning against his head. I only intend to repay the emperor with my body, and live up to the five chariots written in my heart. Yesterday we met under the jade tower, and we will see you in the cool autumn days. Huangye beat people indiscriminately, and a green horse was tied in front of the door. You are going back to fishing Qinghu Lake now, and I will leave the imperial capital next year. If we cross the lake and meet each other, we will ask the immortal if he is safe.
("Inscribed on Li Bailang's Official Lake")
Many of his poems and essays have been handed down to the world, including seven volumes of "Fan Deji's Poetry Collection" and another poem signed by Fan Zhen. He also wrote the legal works "Forbidden Words of Mu Tian" and "Forbidden Words of Poetry".
Portrait of Jiexisi
Jiexisi (1274?1344) was a writer in the mid-Yuan Dynasty. The courtesy name is Manshuo, a native of Fuzhou (now Fengcheng, Jiangxi). When he was young, his family was poor, he studied hard, and he already had a literary reputation. At the beginning of Yanyou's reign, he was awarded the title of editor of Hanlin Academy of National History. He was promoted to the Hanlin Academy of Literature and moved to Guozi as an assistant professor. At the beginning of the celestial calendar, he was promoted to be a Buddhist scripture teacher. He also co-edited the "Jingshi Dadian" and was specially awarded the title of "Art and Literature Supervisor" to take part in the inspection of school books. At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, he moved to the Imperial Academy to wait for the imperial examination, and was promoted to a bachelor's degree in Jixian. He became a lecturer in the Hanlin Academy and learned about classics and banquets. At the beginning of the Zheng Dynasty, he ordered the revision of the three histories of Liao, Jin and Song Dynasties and served as the chief official. After his death, he was granted the title of Duke of Yuzhang County and was given the posthumous title of Wen'an.
Jiexisi's poems are good at selecting styles from ancient Yuefu. The seven rhymes are clear, graceful and dense, and there are metaphors for "a bride in three days" and "a beautiful woman wearing a hairpin". Compared with the other three of the four Yuan poems, his poems are richer in content and inconsistent in style. Qian Jibo's "History of Chinese Literature" praised his ancient poems as being "good at Zuo Si's style, with bright and far-reaching warnings, outstanding and outstanding", and rhymed poems and quatrains that are also graceful, graceful and full of brushstrokes, not only unique in style.
The two oars stand on the back of the two beards, and the short coop opens and closes to let the rain in the river. The green mountains are like dragons that go into the clouds. Who has white hair and whispers in the sand?
Singing is played at the bow and stern, and the rain is heard under the canopy while sitting under the canopy. When I pushed the awning, I couldn't tell where I was, but I saw a pair of white gulls passing by.
("Wuchang Zhou Zhongmu" in the fifth month of summer)
Author of fourteen volumes of "The Complete Works of Jiewen An Gong", which was edited by his disciple Xie Li Puhua. There is also a volume of "Supplement", a volume of "Poetry Zong Zong Zong", and a volume "Poetry Zong Zheng Dharma Eyes Collection".