Kaifeng, called Bianliang in ancient times, is located in the east of Henan Province, in the center of eastern Henan Plain on the map of China. Kaifeng is the first batch of 24 famous historical and cultural cities in the State Council and one of the seven ancient capitals in China. It is an excellent tourist city in China, one of the three central cities of the Central Plains urban agglomeration, and a "three-point-one-line" golden tourist route along the Yellow River. Kaifeng City Master Plan (1995—20 10) approved by the State Council has positioned Kaifeng as an important central city, a national historical and cultural city and a tourist attraction in eastern Henan Province. The city has a total area of 6,444 square kilometers, a population of 5 million, an urban area of 359 square kilometers and an urban population of 880,000. It has jurisdiction over five counties including Weishi County, Qixian County, Tongxu County, lankao county County and Kaifeng County, and five districts including Gulou District, Longting District, Yuwangtai District, Shunhe District and Jinming District.
Kaifeng is a famous cultural city with a long history. Kaifeng, located in the hinterland of the Central Plains and on the bank of the Yellow River, is one of the main birthplaces of the Chinese nation with a history of more than 2,700 years. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Zheng Zhuanggong built a granary city here, named it "Kaifeng", which means "expanding territory". Later, Liu Qizhi, the Emperor Gaozu, was taboo and renamed Kaifeng. Wei in the Warring States Period, the Five Dynasties Period, the Later Jin Dynasty, the Later Han Dynasty and the Later Zhou Dynasty, the Northern Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty all established their capitals here, and they are known as the "Seven Dynasties Metropolis". Especially in the Northern Song Dynasty, from the mutiny in Chen Qiao to the partial peace in the Southern Song Dynasty, it was the political, economic and cultural center of the whole country at that time, and it was also an international metropolis, with the reputation of "Five Phoenix Pagodas in the Ming Dynasty, the imperial state changed doors since ancient times" and "Bianjing is rich in the world". The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival by Zhang Zeduan, a painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, and Dream of China in Tokyo by Meng Yuanlao vividly depict the bustling scene of Kaifeng, an ancient capital. During this period, a large number of influential historical figures emerged in Kaifeng, such as Bao Gong, Yang Jiajiang, Yue Fei, a national hero, and Wang Anshi, who was determined to reform, which had a great influence on the development of China's history.
Kaifeng is a city where humanity and natural landscape complement each other. Kaifeng has four characteristics: rich cultural relics, long urban pattern, rich ancient city style and unique northern water city. In the long history of more than 2700 years in Kaifeng, although Kaifeng City has been destroyed and built repeatedly, its ruins and central axis remain unchanged, which is regarded as a rare special case in the history of urban development. At the same time, there are five cities stacked under Kaifeng, which is unique in China's 5,000-year history of civilization, world archaeology and capital history. He was praised as a "living fossil" by Professor Zhu, a famous historical geographer and president of China Ancient Capital Society. At present, there are 238 cultural relics protection units in the city, among which 7 cultural relics, including the ruins of Tokyo City in the Northern Song Dynasty, Kaifeng City Wall, Iron Tower, Yanqing Temple, Shanshan-Gansu Guild Hall, Fanta and Jiao Martyrs Cemetery, are listed as national key cultural relics protection units, 25 provincial cultural relics and 4 national tourist attractions. Longting Lake Scenic Area was rated as a national demonstration site to create a civilized scenic spot, and Baogong Lake Scenic Area was named as a provincial civilized scenic spot. Scenic spots and historical sites and cultural landscapes are dominated by the Song Dynasty, with complete features in Yuan, Ming, Qing and early Republic of China, and a history of "one Jiangsu, two Hangzhou and three Bianzhou". There are many lakes in Kaifeng, such as Baogong Lake, Longting Lake, Northwest Lake, Tieta Lake and Sunshine Lake. , water area 145 hectares, accounting for 1/4 of the old city area. It is a famous "northern water city" and enjoys the reputation of "one city is full of water".
Kaifeng is a city with superior natural resources and broad investment fields. There are many rivers in Kaifeng, belonging to the Yellow River and Huaihe River, with abundant groundwater reserves. The proven underground resources are oil and natural gas. It is estimated that the total oil output is 560 million tons and the natural gas content is 48.5 billion cubic meters. Kaifeng, with its mild climate and fertile soil, is an important producing area of wheat, peanuts and cotton in China. Wheat, cotton and peanuts in five counties jumped to the top 100 counties in China, and four counties were recognized as national high-quality grain industry project counties. The output of watermelon and peanut ranks first in Henan, and the total output of garlic ranks second in the country.
Kaifeng is a city connecting the east with the west, connecting the south with the north, and has a unique geographical advantage. Kaifeng has a very important strategic position since ancient times and is an important battlefield in the Central Plains. Nowadays, as an important traffic artery, Kaifeng's location advantage is further revealed. Kaifeng is 50 kilometers west of Zhengzhou International Airport, the Longhai Railway runs through the whole territory, and the Beijing-Guangzhou and Beijing-Kowloon railways are adjacent. The Yellow River Highway Bridge spans north and south, with 3 10 and 106 national highways criss-crossing. The Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway, Lianhuo Expressway, Rinan Expressway, Ashen Expressway and Kaifeng-Zhengzhou International Airport Expressway under construction have made Kaifeng a rare city with densely intertwined expressways in China.
Song Wenhua "-Kaifeng, the birthplace, is a city with profound cultural background and good scientific and educational foundation. Kaifeng is the birthplace of "Song Wenhua", and various folk arts handed down from Goulanwa Temple in the Song Dynasty had a wide and far-reaching influence on the culture of the Central Plains.
Kaifeng, the hometown of opera, is the birthplace of "Xiangfu tune" in Henan opera.
Hometown of calligraphy and painting-As the hometown of calligraphy and painting, there are four schools of calligraphy in Song Dynasty: Su, Huang, Mi and Cai. Kaifeng modern calligraphy and painting constantly brings forth the old and brings forth the new, with nearly 100 members of the National Calligraphy Association and the Artists Association. The forest of steles in Hanyuan, Kaifeng has become an artistic treasure house integrating poetry, calligraphy, painting and printing.
Woodblock New Year Pictures of Zhuxian Town —— As the hometown of woodcut New Year Pictures, the woodcut New Year Pictures of Zhuxian Town in Kaifeng is one of the four largest woodcut New Year Pictures in China, and is praised as a national treasure by experts and scholars at home and abroad.
As the hometown of Pangu art, Kaifeng Pangu participated in the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the return of Hongkong and Macao and the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC).
Hometown of Chrysanthemum-As the "Hometown of Chrysanthemum", the world's first chrysanthemum art monograph was born here, with a history of planting and viewing chrysanthemums for more than 65,438+0,600 years and a reputation of "Chrysanthemum is the best in the world". Whenever chrysanthemums are in full bloom, Kaifeng attracts a large number of Chinese and foreign guests. At the' 99 China Kunming World Horticultural Exposition, Kaifeng Chrysanthemum won four firsts in one fell swoop, establishing the position of "Kaifeng Chrysanthemum is the best in the world". At present, Kaifeng Chrysanthemum Festival has become an important annual festival in Henan Province.
Bianxiu-As one of the five famous embroideries in China, Bianxiu has become a masterpiece of arts and crafts in China with its unique stitches, which caused a sensation in the Bianxiu exhibition held in Paris in August 2004, showing the profoundness of China's traditional crafts.
Henan cuisine-the birthplace Kaifeng is the birthplace of Henan cuisine, which combines the essence of the north and the south. Food culture has the characteristics of "famous shops, famous foods and famous products". Yi Yin, known as the ancestor of China cuisine, was born in Kaifeng.
Henan University-founded in 19 12, Henan University has trained a large number of experts, scholars, social activists and various talents for the country. Kaifeng High School, with a history of one hundred years, graduated from 13 Academician. The Hong Kong emblem, the regional flag of the macao special administrative region and the emblem of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games "China Seal" were all designed by Kaifeng people. Kaifeng, the ancient city, with its profound historical and cultural background and rich modern cultural atmosphere, has increasingly become a strong cultural city with traditions and characteristics on the new Eurasian continental bridge.
Kaifeng is a completely open city. Kaifeng in the Northern Song Dynasty was a highly open international metropolis. Today, Kaifeng has established sister city relationships with Toda, Wichita, China, Yongchuan, Lianyungang and Putuo, and with Hengluo, Israel and Ferrara. The annual Chrysanthemum Festival has been successfully held for 30 consecutive sessions since 1983, which has become an important festival in Henan Province and a platform for inheriting friendship and expanding exchanges.