(Note 1: former 145 is taken from Taishi Gongxu Justice. According to Zhang Shoujie's Justice in the Tang Dynasty, note: "In the first year of Taishu, I moved to 42 years old." In the first year of Taichu (BC 104), it was pushed up for 42 years, which was said by Wang Guowei, Liang Qichao and others in the fifth year of Jingdi's Central Plains (BC 145). The former 135 is taken from Suoyin in Preface to Taishi Gong, and according to Zhang Hua's Natural History of Jin Dynasty, "Doctor Sima Qian, 28 years old, Gu Yijun Mao,". That is to say, in the third year of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty (BC 108), Sima Qian was promoted to Taishiling at the age of 28, which means that the sixth year of Emperor Wu Jian Yuan (BC 135) should be the year of Sima Qian's birth. Guo Moruo and others said this. Note: Those who hold the theory of "Six Years of Jian Yuan" try their best to prove that natural history is right, but think that Zhang Shoujie's record of justice is wrong. The main reasons are as follows: First, this article in natural history records the Hanshu, which records Sima Qian's name, age, place of residence, rank, years of official worship, salary and so on. So detailed and true, from the Han Dynasty literature records, its authenticity is beyond doubt. This is a kind of original data, and its value far exceeds that of general history books. Secondly, there is a sentence in Sima Qian's "Report to Ren 'an": "Unfortunately, my servants have long lost their second relatives." For example, according to heaven, Sima Qian was born in the fifth year of Jingdi, and his father Sima Tan died in the first year of Yuanfeng (1 10 BC). Sima Qian should be 36 years old. According to common sense, parents who died at the age of 36 can't say that they lost their parents early. For example, according to natural history, Sima Qian was born in the sixth year of Jianyuan, that is, his father died at the age of 26, so it makes sense to say that he lost his parents long ago. Third, Sima Qian's Letter to Ren An was written in the second year of Zheng He (9 1 BC). If he was born in Jingdi Zhongyuan for five years, he should be 55 years old this year. He became a doctor around the age of 20 and was invited to travel all over the country. Then, he should say that he has been waiting for the crime for more than 30 years. Obviously, Sima Qian will never forget what he did. It was not until 10 years later, that is, six years after Liang Wudi was founded, that it conformed to his theory.
In addition to Zhang Shoujie's "justice", those who hold the "five-year theory of Jingdi Central Plains" also put forward the following questions or arguments. First of all, Wang Guowei thinks that the year of "28" should be the mistake of "38" because later generations cited natural history. The Theory of Justice points out that Sima Qian's "forty-two years" is correct. Secondly, according to the second year of Yuan Shuo (BC 127) recorded in Historical Records, Biography of Rangers, he ordered the rich people all over the country to move to Maoling. Guo Jie had no property and was forced to move. Sima Qian also met Guo Jie. He said: "I don't think Guo Jie looks as good as a China person, and he still lacks words." If Sima Qian was born in Jianyuan six years ago, when he was only nine years old, he would never have had such profound observation and psychological activities on people. It seems more appropriate if Sima Qian was born in Jingdi for five years and was nineteen years old. Thirdly, according to History of the Scholars, Sima Qian learned ancient Chinese from Kong Anguo. However, according to Records of Confucius' Historical Records and Zi Tongzhi Jian, Kong Anguo was a doctor in Yuanshuo for two years, and Sima Qian was nine years old in Yuanshuo for two years. It is impossible for a nine-year-old child to go to imperial academy to consult and discuss with a master of Confucian classics. If you were born in the fifth year of Emperor Jingdi's reign and this year is nineteen years, it seems reasonable.
Note 2: Where was Sima Qian born? "Preface to Taishi Gongxu" says: "The day of moving Longmen and plowing rivers and mountains." There have been two different views about where this Longmen is, one is in Hancheng, Shaanxi, and the other is in Hejin County, Shanxi.
Zhang Shoujie, the earliest advocate of Hancheng in Shaanxi Province, said in Historical Records Justice that Longmen Mountain is in xia yang County (now Hancheng). At the same time, there are two surnames, Feng Hetong, living in Xucun, a ghost town in Hancheng. They both consider themselves descendants of Taishigong. They claimed to be Sima's family, because Sima Qian was imprisoned, and later generations felt humiliated, so they changed their surnames: adding a vertical to the left of Sima's word "Si" became the word "Tong"; Add two points to the left of the word "horse" to become the word "feng", and list it as Sima Qian Temple in Zhichuan Town, Hancheng, Shaanxi Province.
People who hold the view of Hejin County in Shanxi believe that Longmen (including Longmen Mountain and Yumenkou) has been recorded in Hejin County in Shanxi since ancient times. The Yellow River flows out of Yumenkou from northwest to southeast and turns sharply from north to south, which is exactly what Sima Qian called "the day of farming, animal husbandry and mountains". It is reported that there used to be a monument to "the hometown of Taishi Gong Sima in Han Dynasty", but it was unfortunately destroyed when water conservancy was built. And now there are Sima residents in the village.
Sima Tan, the father of Sima Qian, made an official order in the central government of Han Dynasty, in charge of imperial books, collecting historical materials and studying astronomical calendars. Sima Tan intended to write a general history, but his wish didn't come true and he died. When he died, he told Sima Qian to finish his unfinished business.
Sima Qian worked hard as a child. At the age of ten, he began to learn the ancient prose at that time. Later, he followed Dong Zhongshu and Kong Anguo to study "The Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ram" and ancient Chinese history. Emperor yuan Shuo of the Han dynasty was three years old, and Sima Qian was twenty years old. With the desire for knowledge, he traveled all over the famous mountains and rivers of the motherland, inspected historical sites and collected legends from all over the country. Sima Qian broadened his horizons and increased his knowledge by on-the-spot investigation of places of interest and historical facts before and after the founding of the Western Han Dynasty, which made a good preparation for the later compilation of Historical Records. After Sima Tan's death, Sima Qian inherited his father's footsteps, formulated imperial edicts, and was able to see a large number of books, documents and national archives, which was an indispensable condition for Sima Qian to compile historical books.
In the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Sima Qian began to write historical records. In the second year of Tianhan, Li Ling led the troops to attack the Huns with Li Guangli, and they were defeated and surrendered. Emperor Wu asked Sima Qian what he thought of Li Ling, so Sima Qian said that Li Ling surrendered because he was outnumbered and had no reinforcements, and the responsibility was not entirely on Li Ling. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty thought that Sima Qian intended to excuse Li Ling's return, so he denounced Li Guangli, the love brother of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. As a result, Sima Qian was thrown into prison and sentenced to corruption. Three years later, he was pardoned and released from prison, and worked harder to write history books. In about two years, the compilation was basically completed. Many years after Sima Qian's death, his grandson Yang Yun made this immortal masterpiece of more than 520,000 words public.
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Shaanxi Celebrities (Ancient)
Huangdi-originated from Jishui, Yan Di-Baoji Zhuan Xu-grandson of Huangdi; Di Ku-the great-grandson of the Yellow Emperor; Yu is the great-grandson of the Yellow Emperor.
Zhou Wuwang and Wang Wen-Zhou Jian both praised Haojiang (now Xi 'an) as the first beauty in history.
Bai Qi, a strategist at the end of the Warring States Period, was born in Meng Tian (now Meixian East, Shaanxi Province), a general of the State of Qin. Xi 'an, the capital of Western Han Dynasty
Su Wu-Ban Biao, Bangu, Ban Chao, Ban Zhao-the home of Western Han generals.
Zhang Qian, a diplomat of the Western Han Dynasty, Huo Qubing, a general of the Western Han Dynasty.
Sun Simiao-Wang Yao was born in Huayuan (now Yaoxian County, Shaanxi Province), and Kou Zhun was born in Huazhou Gorge (now northeast of Weinan, Shaanxi Province), a politician in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Dou Rong and Dou Gu, ministers in the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Sima Qian, Fufeng Pingling (now northwest of xianyang, Shaanxi Province), historians, were born in Hancheng, Shaanxi Province (Xi 'an, Tang Dou).
Li Jing, a military strategist in the early Tang Dynasty, was born in Sanyuan, Yongzhou (now the northeast of Sanyuan County, Shaanxi Province), a general of the Tang Dynasty, and was born in Zhengxian County, Huazhou (now hua county, Shaanxi Province).
Yan, a painter in the Tang Dynasty, was born in Wannian, Yongzhou (now Lintong, Shaanxi), a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, Wang Changling, and a native of Chang 'an, Jingzhao (now xi, Shaanxi).
Wei, a famous poet in Tang Dynasty, was born in Chang 'an (now Shaanxi An), and Bai Juyi, a famous poet in Tang Dynasty, was born in Chang 'an (now Shaanxi An).
Bai Xingjian, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, was born in the northeast of Weinan, Zhou Xia, Shaanxi Province, and Du Mu, the younger brother of Bai Juyi, was a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty. He was born in Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi).
Yan Zhenqing, a famous calligrapher in Tang Dynasty, was born in Wanzhao (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi) and Wang Jiayin, northern Shaanxi. Li Zicheng-Mizhi people.
Lyu3 bu4-Suide people in northern Shaanxi, Dixin people-Mizhi people in northern Shaanxi-the story of Zhang people in northern Shaanxi.
Shaanxi Celebrity (Modern)
Modern and contemporary famous novelists, such as The History of Entrepreneurship, are from Jingyang, Shaanxi Province, and contemporary famous poets, such as The Grass is Singing.
Jia Pingwa, a native of Fengdan, Shaanxi Province, is a famous contemporary novelist. His representative works include Essays on Shangzhou, Books Before Abortion, the first day of the twelfth lunar month, Impetuousness, and Waste Capital.
Lu Yao, a native of Qingjian, Shaanxi, is a famous contemporary novelist. Representative works include Ordinary World and Life.
Chen is a man, a famous contemporary novelist. Representative works include Gu Changwei, director of White Deer Plain and Peacock.
Zhang Yimou, a native of Xi, Shaanxi, is a famous contemporary filmmaker in China. The main representative works are; & lt Red Sorghum > & ltHero >< Live >< Old Scenery >< The Story of Qiuju & gt No one can be left behind > Wait.
Huang Jianxin, a native of Xi, Shaanxi, is a famous contemporary film director in China. The main representative works are Dislocation, black cannon incident, Back-to-Back, Face to Face, Stand up straight and don't get down, Stop at a red light and go green, Who says I don't care, Tell your secret and so on.
Zhao Jiping-born in Pingliang, Gansu Province, born in Xi 'an, is a famous contemporary film musician, and has cooperated with Zhang Yimou many times.
Liu Wenxi-a native of Zhejiang, was born in xi 'an. Li Ruobing, a famous contemporary painter-Jingyang, Shaanxi, is a famous contemporary painter.