Brief introduction of Wuhou Temple
Wuhou Temple is the ancestral temple to commemorate Zhuge Liang, Prime Minister of Shu and Han Dynasties in the Three Kingdoms. Zhuge Liang was a marquis of Wuxiang before his death, and posthumous title was loyal to Wuhou after his death. Later generations respectfully called him Wuhou.
Chengdu Wuhou Temple is the only temple in China where the monarch and the minister worship together. It was built in 223 AD and Liu Bei was buried in Huiling. According to the Han system, there must be a temple next to the mausoleum, so Liu Bei was buried behind Huiling. The original temple dedicated to Liu Bei was built by Shu Han at that time. The original temple was dedicated to the emperor next to the emperor's mausoleum. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, people generally called Liu Bei's original temple the First Temple. Because there are three main buildings in Wuhou Temple, two of which appeared after Liu Bei's death, Liu Bei took Hui Ling as the initial burial place of Chengdu Wuhou Temple. ) In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Temple of Wuhou was built not far from Hui Ling and the ancestral temple. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Wuhou Temple became a famous scenic spot and tourist attraction, and Du Fu left a description of "Where is Mingxiang Temple, in a deep pine forest near Silk City". In the Ming Dynasty, Chunzhu, the king of Shu, thought that "the monarch and the minister were one", so he combined Wuhou Temple and ancestral temple into one, commonly known as "Han Zhaolie Temple". In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the temple was destroyed by war. The Temple of Wuhou, which I saw on this day, was rebuilt on the old site in the 11th year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (AD 1672).
Although the official has always called it "Han Zhaolie Temple", the horizontal plaque of "Han Zhaolie Temple" is hung at the gate. But people are still used to calling it Wuhou Temple. Why? A poem by Zou Lu in the Republic of China tells the reason: "Zhaolie Temple, Big Ben, is the Temple of Wuhou. From fame to loss of merit, the prime minister has made great achievements for hundreds of generations. " In other words, because of Zhuge Liang's great historical achievements, his prestige in the people's hearts surpassed that of Liu Bei, and people can ignore the etiquette of respecting the monarch and honoring officials.
It can be seen from the brief introduction and plan sketch on the left side of the gate that Wuhou Temple is hidden in dense cypress trees, and the hall sits north to south, arranged on a central axis, with five floors: the gate, the second gate, the Liu Bei Hall, the Guo Hall and the Zhuge Liang Hall, and Liu Bei's Tomb is on the west side. Hui Ling. There are 47 clay sculptures of historical figures in Shu and Han Dynasties in Qing Dynasty, more than 50 steles, more than 60 plaques, and more than 0/0 pieces of ding, furnace, bell and drum. Therefore, to be exact, Wuhou Temple should be called Shuhan Memorial Hall, which is a museum for studying the history of Shuhan.
The guide words of Wuhou Temple II
Wuhou Temple was built to commemorate Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu and Han Dynasties in the Three Kingdoms period. It was named after Zhuge Liang who sealed Wuxiang Hou before his death.
In August 234, Zhuge Liang died of overwork in Wuzhangyuan (now about 20 kilometers south of Qishan County, Baoji City, Shaanxi Province) at the age of 54. Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu Han Dynasty, was named "Wuxiang Hou" before his death (Wuxiang Hou is a title of Han Dynasty, from bottom to top, it is Hou, Hou and County Hou, and Guan Yu named Han Shou). After his death, Liu Chan, the late ruler of Shu Han Dynasty, made him a loyal Wuhou, so his temple was honored as Wuhou Temple in history. The earliest Wuhou Temple in China is located in Mianxian County, Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province. Mianxian Wuhou Temple is "the first Wuhou Temple in the world". Wuhou Temple in Mianxian County was built in the spring of the sixth year of Jing Yao (AD 263). The location of Wuhou Temple in Mianxian County is the former site of Zhuge Liang's "Hangyuan Xiangfu" when he was exploring Hanzhong in the North.
At present, the most influential temple is Wuhou Temple in Chengdu, which is located on the west side of Nanmen Bridge in Chengdu, Sichuan Province. It is the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units (196 1) and the first batch of first-class museums, attracting millions of tourists every year and enjoying the reputation of the Holy Land of the Three Kingdoms. In addition, there are Wuhou Temple in Mianxian, Shaanxi, Wuhou Temple in Nanyang, Wuhou Temple in Xiangfan, Gulong, Wuhou Temple in Baidicheng, Fengjie, Chongqing, Wuhou Temple in Baoshan, Yunnan, and Wuhou Temple in Qishan, Lixian, Gansu. In addition, there are Zhuge Temple built in Wuzhang, Qishan, Shaanxi before the Tang Dynasty, Wuhou Temple built in the Ming Dynasty (formerly Puyin, Hubei, now renamed chibi city) and Huangling Temple built in Jian 'an period (Yichang, Hubei). Zhuge Town in Lanxi, Zhejiang Province, was named after Zhuge Liang's descendants lived here for generations. The Prime Minister's Temple was built in the Wanli period of Ming Dynasty. There are 52 ancient buildings in the Prime Minister's Temple, including Zhuge Liang's Ling Pai. In recent years, Lanxi Prime Minister's Temple has gradually gained fame and its influence is increasing day by day.
Wuhou Temple Tour Guide III
Chengdu Wuhou Temple is located in Wuhou Temple Street at the south gate of Chengdu, Sichuan Province. It is the only temple in China where both the monarch and the minister worship together. It is composed of Wuhou Temple, Han Zhaolie Temple and Hui Ling, and people used to call it Wuhou Temple. Chengdu Wuhou Temple was built in 223 AD, when Hui Ling was under construction. Among them, Wuhou Temple was built before the Tang Dynasty, adjacent to the Han Zhaolie Temple where Liu Bei offered sacrifices. When it was rebuilt in the early Ming Dynasty, the Wuhou Temple was merged, which formed a pattern of worshipping both the monarch and the minister, and integrating the ancestral temple with the cemetery. Except Hui Ling, the main building of the existing temples was rebuilt in the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty (1672). 196 1 Chengdu Wuhou Temple was announced by the State Council as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. Founded in 1984, the museum was awarded the first batch of national first-class museums in 2008, enjoying the reputation of "Holy Land of the Three Kingdoms". Chengdu Wuhou Temple Museum is divided into three sections: Three Kingdoms Historic Site Area, West Area and Jinli Folk Custom Area, covering an area of 6,543.8+0.5 million square meters. In 2006, Wuhou Temple was rated as a national AAAA tourist attraction, and it is the most influential museum of cultural relics in the Three Kingdoms in the world.
Wuhou Temple Tour Guide Words 4
Introduction to Wuhou Temple:
Chengdu Wuhou Temple is located in Wuhou Temple Street at the south gate of Chengdu, Sichuan Province. It is the only temple in China where both the monarch and the minister worship together. It is composed of Wuhou Temple, Han Zhaolie Temple and Hui Ling, and people used to call it Wuhou Temple. Chengdu Wuhou Temple was built in AD 223, when Hui Ling (Liu Bei's mausoleum) was under construction. Among them, Wuhou Temple (Zhuge Liang Special Temple) was built before the Tang Dynasty, adjacent to the Han Zhaolie Temple where Liu Bei (Emperor Zhaolie of Han Dynasty) was sacrificed. During the reconstruction in the early Ming Dynasty, the temple of Wuhou was merged, which formed a pattern of respect between monarch and minister, and the ancestral temple and cemetery were integrated. Except Hui Ling, the main building of the existing temples was rebuilt in the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty (1672). 196 1 Chengdu Wuhou Temple was announced by the State Council as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. Founded in 1984, the museum was awarded the first batch of national first-class museums in 2008, enjoying the reputation of "Holy Land of the Three Kingdoms". Chengdu Wuhou Temple Museum is divided into three sections, namely, Three Kingdoms Historical Relics Area (Cultural Relics Area), West Area (Three Kingdoms Cultural Experience Area) and Jinli Folk Custom Area (Jinli), with an area of 6.5438+0.5 million square meters. In 2006, Wuhou Temple was rated as a national AAAA tourist attraction, and it is the most influential museum of cultural relics in the Three Kingdoms in the world.
history
The Hui Ling Temple and Zhaolie Temple in the Han Dynasty were built in Zhangwu, Sichuan in the third year (223), and Wuhou Temple was built by Li Xiong in the third year (303? Founded in 334, it was originally located in Shaocheng, Chengdu. Wuhou Temple was moved in during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. In the early Ming Dynasty, Hui Ling, Zhaolie Temple and Wuhou Temple merged, and Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang were enshrined in one place. Shu people used to call it Wuhou Temple. The existing building of Wuhou Temple was built in the 11th year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1672).
build
Wuhou Temple is divided into two halls, the former is Zhaolie Hall (Zhaolie Hall and Liu Bei Hall), and the latter is Wuhou Temple (Zhongwu Hall and Zhuge Liang Hall), which is high in the front and low in the back. There are statues of Guan Yu and Zhang Fei in the east-west hall. The east and west corridors are civil and military corridors, with 28 statues of civil and military officials and many plaques inside and outside the hall. Among them, Zhao Fan's art of attacking the heart is the most famous: "If you can attack the heart, you will be self-defeating. You have known from ancient times that soldiers are not good at fighting. Don't judge the situation, temper leniency with severity, and you have to think deeply in the future. " There are six stone tablets in the cypress forest behind the gate of Wuhou Temple, inscribed by Pei Du of Emperor Taizong, inscribed by Liu, and engraved by masons. Later generations called them "Three Wonders Monuments". There are many ancient cypresses in Wuhou Temple, and the atmosphere is solemn.
Five sentences from the tour guide of Wuhou Temple
Chengdu Wuhou Temple is located in Wuhou Temple Street, South Gate of Chengdu, Sichuan Province. It is the only temple in China where the monarch and ministers worship together. It consists of temples and Hui Ling, which were worshipped by emperors and ministers such as Liu Bei, Zhuge Liang and Shu Han. Liu Bei's mausoleum was built in 223 AD. Over the past thousand years, it has been damaged and changed several times. Wuhou Temple (referring to Zhuge Liang's dedicated temple) was built before the Tang Dynasty, and was originally adjacent to Zhaolie Temple where Liu Bei (Emperor Zhaolie of Han Dynasty) was sacrificed. When it was rebuilt in the early Ming Dynasty, Wuhou Temple was merged into the "Han Zhaolie Temple" to form the existing Wuhou Temple.
The main building of the existing Wuhou Temple was rebuilt at 1672 during the reign of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, enjoying the reputation of "Holy Land of the Three Kingdoms". Chengdu Wuhou Temple is now divided into three parts: the cultural relic area (the historical site area of the Three Kingdoms), the garden area (the cultural experience area of the Three Kingdoms) and Jinli (the folk custom area of Jinli), with an area of about 6.5438+0.5 million square meters. Wuhou Temple in Chengdu is the main attraction of China to commemorate Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu and Han Dynasties, and also a major tourist attraction in Chengdu. Chengdu Wuhou Temple is the most influential museum of cultural relics of the Three Kingdoms in China, which is most famous for its "three wonders" of writing, calligraphy and engraving.
The plaque at the entrance of Wuhou Temple is "Han Zhaolie Temple". The gate is shaded by trees, and the Liu Tong Stone Monument stands tall. There is a stele gallery on each side, and the largest stele gallery is on the east side. In the Tang Dynasty, it was built in the fourth year of Yuanhe, Tang Xianzong (AD 809). It has high cultural value and is a national first-class cultural relic. Because of its superb skills in writing, calligraphy and seal cutting, it is called the "Three Wonders Monument". Pei Du, a famous prime minister in the Tang Dynasty, wrote the inscription, and Liu Gongzhuo, a calligrapher (the younger brother of Liu Gongquan) and Lu Jiandu, a famous craftsman, wrote the inscription, all of which were written by famous artists, so they were called the Three Wonders Monument by later generations.
Tourism characteristics
Introduction to Wuhou Temple Scenic Area:
① Gate
The plaque is "Han Zhaolie Temple". There are trees in the gate, and the Liu Tong stone tablet "Chengdu Wuhou Temple" stands, with a stele gallery on each side, and the largest stele gallery is on the east side of the stele gallery. It was built in the Tang Dynasty "Monument to Zhuge Wuhou, Prime Minister of Shu and Han Dynasties" and in the 4th year of Yuanhe in Tang Xianzong (AD 809). It has high cultural value and is a national first-class cultural relic. Because of its superb skills in writing, calligraphy and seal cutting, it is called the "Three Wonders Monument". Pei Du, a famous prime minister in the Tang Dynasty, wrote the inscription, and Liu Gongzhuo, a calligrapher (the younger brother of Liu Gongquan) and Lu Jiandu, a famous craftsman, wrote the inscription, all of which were written by famous artists, so they were called the Three Wonders Monument by later generations. The inscription focuses on Zhuge Liang's life; I strongly praise Zhuge Liang's integrity and martial arts to inspire the rulers of the Tang Dynasty. The inscription praised Zhuge Liang's thought of rule of law. Ma Su was beheaded by Zhuge Liang because he lost his street pavilion. Masu cried and said that he died without complaining. Li Yan and Liao Li are both sinners exiled by Zhuge Liang, but they are also willing to plead guilty. When they learned that Zhuge Liang had died of illness, they "either hurt, cry or die." These are historical facts, and Pei Du commented on them according to history. What is convincing is that the inscription is very incisive and fluent, which makes people never tire of reading it. Zhuge Liang was admired by later generations because of his noble thoughts, decent style and no abuse of power for personal gain.
② Liubeidian
Behind the second door is Liu Bei Hall, which is a building with a single eaves and built on the mountain. In the middle is the gilded statue of Liu Bei, and on the left is his grandson Liu Chen. It is said that his son Liu Chan, the ruler in the last years of Shu Han, was unable to keep this legacy because of his stupidity and incompetence. His statue was destroyed several times in the Song and Ming Dynasties and has not been rebuilt since. When destroyed by Wei, his son Liu Chen went to Liu Bei's grave to cry and worship, and killed his family before committing suicide. On both sides of the temple, there are statues of Guan Yu, his son and Zhou Cang in the east, and three generations of Zhang Fei's grandparents and grandchildren in the west. On both sides of the east-west corridor, there are 14 statues of civil servants and military commanders in Shu and Han dynasties respectively. On the east side, Langfang, a civilian, is headed by Pang Tong, and on the west side, the gallery of military commanders is headed by Zhao Yun. Zhuge statue in Wuhou Temple
③ Zhuge Liangtang
Behind Liu Bei's main hall, there are several steps down (Wuhou Temple is lower than Han Zhaolie Temple, symbolizing the relationship between monarch and minister in ancient times). Zhuge Liang in Wuhou Temple is like a hall with a plaque on it. Wuhou Temple is the ancestral temple to commemorate Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu during the Three Kingdoms period. Zhuge Liang was named "marquis of Wuhou" before his death, and posthumous title was named "loyal to the martial arts" after his death, so the ancestral temple in memory of him was called "marquis of Wuhou". On Zhuge Liang's main hall, there is a plaque with a name hanging in the universe, and on both sides is a book "Attack on the Heart" written by Zhao Fan of the Qing Dynasty: "If you can attack on the heart, you will bring about your own destruction. Since ancient times, you have known that soldiers are not good at fighting; Do not judge the situation, temper leniency with severity, and then think deeply. " Couplets are famous couplets. Through the analysis and summary of the success and failure of Zhuge Liang, the regime and Liu Zhang's regime, we remind future generations to learn from the experience and lessons of predecessors and pay attention to "attacking the heart" and "sizing up the situation" when governing Shu. The main hall is dedicated to the statues of three generations of Zhuge Liang. In the center of the hall, there is a gilded statue of Zhuge Liang, wearing a nylon scarf and holding a feather fan. According to legend, the three bronze drums in front of him were made by Zhuge Liang when he led the army south, and they were called "Zhuge Drum". There are exquisite patterns on the drums, which are precious historical relics. The top beam of the main hall is made of ebony. The Book of Commandments written by Zhuge Liang to his son Zhuge Zhan says that "you can't realize your ambition without seclusion, and you can't realize your lofty ideal without despising worldly fame and fortune". Zhuge Zhan and his son were killed in the battle between Mianzhu and Wei general Deng Ai.
④ Liu Bei's Tomb.
On the west side of Zhuge Liang Hall is the tomb of Liu Bei, which is called "Hui Ling" in history. Zhuge Liang personally chose the treasure land and buried Liu Bei here. Reflection? The biography of the late Lord records: "In August, Hui Ling was buried". According to the "Burial Law", "Love the people and love the people, Yue? Hui? " Therefore, the tomb of Liu Bei was named "Hui Ling". Liu Bei's two wives, Gan and Wu, were also buried in the mausoleum. In front of Liu Bei's tomb, there is a stone tablet of "Tomb of Han Zhaolie" erected during the reign of Qing Qianlong. Mausoleum architecture consists of zhaobi, gate, Shinto and sleeping hall. A small Shinto was built in front of the mausoleum in Qing Dynasty. Hui Ling, like the main buildings of Wuhou Temple, faces south, adjacent to the west side of Hanzhaolie Temple and Wuhou Temple. There is a red wall between it and Wuhou Temple. There are many calligraphy and paintings and couplets in Wuhou Temple in Chengdu, among which the most striking one is "Longzhong Dui" by modern calligrapher Shen. There is also a stone carving of Zhuge Liang's "Teacher's Watch" written by Yue Fei in Wuhou Temple (the authenticity of this has always been controversial, and there is a saying that the first and second watches were actually written by Bai Lin, a scholar of Ming Dynasty, in the name of Yue Fei).
⑤ Nanjiao Park
The west side of Hui Ling was originally a southern suburb park, which was merged into Wuhou Temple Garden District in 2003. Nanjiao Park was originally the cemetery of Liu Xiang, chairman of the Sichuan Provincial Government of the Kuomintang of the Republic of China. 1953 was converted into a park, and buildings such as stone archway gate, jingzhong gate, tablet pavilion, Jianxin hall and Liu Xiang tomb were built successively. Jinli, on the east side of Wuhou Temple, was restored by Wuhou Temple Museum. Jinli is an ancient street with the architectural style of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. Relying on Wuhou Temple, it expands the extension of the culture of the Three Kingdoms, integrates with the folk customs of western Sichuan, integrates eating, living, traveling, shopping and entertainment, and becomes a new highlight of cultural tourism in Chengdu. Jinli Phase II also opened before the Spring Festival in 2009. Jinli Phase II boldly introduced water into Jinli cycle, forming a new landscape of "waterfront Jinli".