using a pen refers to the method of writing on paper by using a brush, which is completed through three basic actions: starting, transporting and collecting a pen. Although the pen for running script is developed on the basis of using a pen for regular script, it is much more complicated than regular script. It has both regular script stippling and cursive script turning, turning and folding, and hiding dew, which is very flexible.
Wang Xizhi's running script is elegant and elegant, naive and vigorous. The Book of Comments says that his handwriting is moist, unique in the beauty of a family, and beautifully tailored by heaven. The smoke is revealing, and if it is natural, the wind will cover it. "Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, once said," Look at his slow work, but it is still connected; Phoenix and dragons are flat, and the situation is oblique and anyway. "It can be said that it is highly respected.
Wang Xizhi's running script is very varied. As far as horizontal painting is concerned, there are forward and backward strokes when starting, and upward and downward strokes when closing. As far as skimming is concerned, there are long and short strokes, vertical and oblique strokes. In oblique skimming, there are differences between front and back; In the back front, there are differences between the left and the upward. As for the point, it is either leaning or leaning, or square or round, or oblique or positive, or curved or straight, which is shaped with the words, changing with the situation, giving people a dazzling and changing feeling.
There are six points that should be paid attention to when learning Wang Xizhi's running script:
1. The hidden front of the running script is quickly completed at the moment when the pen touches the paper, while the exposed front is sometimes carried out in the air before writing. As soon as the pen touches the paper, it has actually entered the pen-carrying stage.
2. The writing of different strokes should grasp the main points. For example, when writing a horizontal painting, the pen should be exposed more often, and the pen should be exposed more often. When writing a sketch, you should reach the tip of the pen, short and quick, and avoid dragging your feet; Long skimming should be slow and even, so don't attack halfway. When writing, you are calm and flexible. Although it is as small as millet, you have to write three times, and it has been extended.
3. The string ties should be natural. The string ties in Wang Xizhi's running script are all naturally formed in the fast-paced brushwork. The string ties should be drawn, measured with money, no more, no less, no branches, and no vines. If you deliberately create some strings, it will make you laugh and be generous.
4. We should use lifting and frustration correctly. Regular script is written one stroke at a time, and Line 15 often writes several pens together, constantly changing the line and direction of the pen, which requires the constant use of lifting and pressing to adjust the pen shape in the process of writing, in order to write high-quality and textured lines.
5. To have a sense of rhythm, the speed of using the pen should be changed, not uniform, different strokes, and different speeds. For example, the horizontal painting should be slow, while the skimming painting should be fast. The same strokes should also be painted vertically at different speeds. The hanging needle should be slow, but the dew should be fast. In the music art, there are different melodies with different heights to play a pleasing song. In order to show the aesthetic feeling, the pen used in running script should also have different rhythms.
6. In writing, the contradictory things such as hiding and revealing, smooth and inverse, disease and astringency, turning and folding, square and circle, middle and side should be harmoniously unified, so as to form various brushwork. Especially when it comes to the center and the center, there is no ambiguity on this issue. When learning regular script for beginners, you must use the pen as the center. However, after mastering the rules of the center's pen, you must use it in the middle. If you still use the pen as the center, it will be a bit monotonous.
second, the structure
the structure, also known as the "shelf" or "structure", strictly speaking, Yan shelf refers to the arrangement of glyphs, and the structure refers to the combination of strokes. They are different, but they are inextricably linked, so they are customarily called the knot.
The structure of running script is different from regular script and cursive script. Regular script structure is static, cursive script structure is dynamic, and running script structure is "static and flying, moving and Yu Yuanmu's feelings", which is somewhere in between, so don't put it forward. Generally speaking, regular script is more static than dynamic, but there is movement in static, such as Wang Xizhi's "Clear Post in Fast Snow", that is, cursing is more static than moving, but there is static in moving, such as Wang Xizhi's "Frequent Sorrow Post".
To learn the structure of running script, it is necessary to have a foundation of regular script structure, and the method of opening script is mature and overflowing into running script, so that the word can be written smoothly and the writing can be done properly. Otherwise, it will become passive water, a tree without roots, and flow into vulgarity. Therefore, with this foundation and without it, people with discerning eyes can know it at a glance. At the same time, to learn the structure of running script, they must further master the knowledge of running script structure, otherwise, running script will not only be smart.
To correctly handle the relationship between "positive" and "odd" when learning the structure of running script, we should first start with "positive" and then "odd". What is "positive"? What is "odd" is that it is neat and dignified, its center of gravity is stable, its density is symmetrical, and its fit is shortened. Strange is not grotesque, bizarre, but physical posture, ups and downs, vertical escape and danger. In the preface to the book spectrum, Sun Guoting said: Beginners learn to be outside the cloth, but seek to do right, know right, and pursue danger. "Although he is talking about cursive script, it is also very suitable for running script. Running script must be completed from" This is also like playing table tennis. At first, every ball should be served on the table, and it is best to hit it in the center of the table. If you are skilled, you should take a long shot and drop it sharply, and it is best to pass by. Of course, the running script should not be strange, so you must master the "odd" degree, so as to achieve "the danger will not collapse, the danger will not be lost", and the vertical and horizontal will be strange, and the new will come out from time to time, and the second will be to be strange.
there is a very important principle in the structure of running script, which is change. Change is the soul of running script. In a sense, if you don't know the change, you won't know the structure of running script. Wang Xizhi said, "If a book is written on a piece of paper, the meanings of each word should be different, but not the same." In fact, for the structure of running script, not only the same words should be changed, the same monomer, the same radicals, but also the same strokes should be listened to in different ways, without any similarities, and the strokes should be hidden and exposed. Positive, the monomer should be wide, narrow and long, and the words should be fat and thin, so as to achieve the simultaneous application of quantity and different shapes; All the points are in line, which is good for each other. ".
the structure of Wang Xizhi's running script is precise and changeable, and his words are elegant, rigid and flexible, and he looks forward to life. He is regarded as a standard by calligraphers of all ages. Based on our decades' experience in studying the structure of Wang Xizhi's running script, this paper summarizes nine methods, such as radical, strewn at random, exhausted state, welcoming, stepping aside, refining, echoing, abnormity and borrowing, with corresponding examples, which may help beginners to understand Wang Xizhi's running script.
Finally, it needs to be emphasized that it is far from enough to learn the structure of running script only by relying on these words in the posts. We should also read more examples of words in Wang Xizhi's inscriptions to broaden our horizons and achieve something.
third, composition
composition, also known as "layout" or "layman's painting", refers to the organizational arrangement between words, lines and the whole work.
with a pen, it is about the writing method of one stroke and one picture; The structure is about the organization of the inter-frame structure of words; The composition is about how to arrange the whole word. It can be seen that the composition is different from the use of pen and knot, but it is composed of the use of pen, the hidden dew, the dense reality of knot, and the look around and echo. Without good use of pen and knot, it is impossible to talk about good composition, so the composition is closely related to the use of pen and knot.
The composition of Wang Xizhi's running script has two characteristics: < p
the second is deformation, that is, the shape of each word is determined according to its different position in the whole article and its relationship with the left and right under the soil. Whether it is upright or upright, or shrinking or releasing, it is often natural and natural.
There are three principles in the composition of running script:
The first principle is momentum coherence. Coherence of momentum is commonly known as "penetration of qi". For penetration of qi, Zhu He-tang has the best explanation in Lin Chi Xin Jie: "When you write a word, it is accepted from top to bottom, echoed from left to right, and overlapped, it is perfect, that is, figures, lines and dozens of lines are always in spiritual unity, and the spirit is not scattered." Wang Xizhi's calligraphy is either intended to be connected or connected by form; In the form connection, either tie wires are used to lead each other, or folds are used to echo each other, or strokes are used to connect them, which is consistent throughout. As "My humble opinion on Linchi" said: "The book of the right army turns from left to right, and the changes are blurred. The so-called situation is broken and reconnected, and the situation is oblique and contrary, which is better than the separation."
the second principle is that it is contrary to China. "Violation" means change, that is, difference. "Harmony" means harmony, that is, unity. "Violation without committing crimes, harmony without difference" means seeking change in unity and difference in harmony in layout. Wang Xizhi's running script is a model of running script.
The third principle is density and truth. Virtual reality is a relative concept. In the middle of the works, there are words that are real, and the blanks between lines are empty: the sparse parts of words are empty, and the dense parts are real. Wang Xizhi is very good at dealing with the relationship between virtual reality and real reality, often conveying the real reality as empty, and the real place is also spiritual. Taking the virtual reality as real, the discontinuity continues, the real one is empty, and the virtual one is real, giving people beautiful artistic enjoyment.
If you want to arrange the composition of running script, you must also pay attention to two points. First, before writing, Wang Xizhi said in "After Mrs. Wei's Pen Diagram": "If a husband wants to write, he should study ink first, concentrate on meditation, anticipate the font size, suppress the back, be straight and vibrate, and connect the tendons and veins.