It is said that in ancient times, when there was a list of scientific research, there was a "good news book". Since the end of June, the 20 16 college entrance examination has been released in various provinces and cities. Now, the "letter from home" received by the admitted candidates is the "admission notice".
From ancient times to the present, "being the first time" is one of the greatest happy events in one's life, which is worth celebrating. Today's admission notice is relatively simple, usually the student's name, major, registration book, school official seal and so on. But the ancient "admission notice" is more complicated. Especially in the Tang and Song Dynasties, it was even more unusual.
In the traditional concept of our country, the "three happy events" in life are: when you are the top scholar, when you spend the night in the bridal chamber, when you meet an old friend in a foreign country. Ancient students participated in scientific research, and their fame was mainly published. The imperial court placed a "golden list". After posting the list, we should also report the good news, that is, inform the students of the fame and fortune they have gained.
"Rong Zhai Xu" said: "Tang Jinshi was admitted to the Chinese Department and had a golden flower post."
It can be seen that in the Tang Dynasty, the "notice" was a post, and this post was a "golden flower".
What is this "Golden Flower Post" like? What does it say? Rong Zhai Essay describes this kind of golden flower post in detail. "Tang Jinshi Deng Ke, has a golden flower post, handed down from ancient times for a long time, the world is rare. In the first year of Xianping (AD 998), Sun only listed Shengjing (referring to Kaifeng in Tokyo in the Northern Song Dynasty), still using the Tang system, with plain silk as the axis and golden flowers attached. First of all, it lists four titles of the main book department, namely, Bachelor Hanlin gave Yang Zhongshi, Ministry of War Langzhong and Shangshu Li, Right Shangshu advised the history museum, Shangshu Chengzhi managed the history museum, and all four of them made promises. There are four people in the second book, Jia Zi, who was born on a certain day in a certain year. Their ancestors taboo a certain day, their father taboo a certain day. Then, Sun Wei, the first scholar in the book, followed the same principles as today. Don't use four-inch high silk, two inches wide. The word "Shengjing" is in the book, and the four main flower books are attached to the front of the volume. Its specifications are like this ... "
The Song Dynasty basically followed the "Golden Flower Post" of the Tang Dynasty.
It is worth mentioning, and it is very interesting, that the Golden Flower Post in the Tang and Song Dynasties not only reported the students' fame, but also recorded the examiners' titles, as well as their detailed information, such as date of birth, grandfather's name, father's name and so on. The examiner must sign it. Compared with today, this "admission notice" is so special and interesting. In ancient times, such posts were very precious to the students who won the list, and gold and silver could not be bought. "Golden Flower Sticker" is a very special honor, and some families will put it in a conspicuous place at home for family members and visitors to watch. Some well-known local families also put up "Golden Flower Postings" in the ancestral hall, on the one hand, for the people and tourists to watch, on the other hand, to declare to the world that their children are brilliant and so on. With "Jinhuagang", many students, justified, became the proté gé of an examiner on "Jinhuagang", entered the officialdom, and their careers were booming.
However, this very expensive "Golden Flower Post" was later cancelled for some reason.
In ancient times, when a student made a name for himself and made the list, there were all kinds of "good news" to let the world know that a student made the list. The students on the list have become a hot topic in the local area. Let top students and their families feel happy and proud. Nowadays, except for the "top college entrance examination scholar" in this province and this city, the names of other "top college entrance examination scholars" are relatively calm. Because higher education in China is becoming more and more popular.
What kind of experience did the ancient champion tell you about "being a champion"?
Zhuang Yuan, the first author of the paper.
The imperial examination was the only way for most scholars in ancient times to become officials, and the champion in the imperial examination was the most admired leader. Since the establishment of the scientific research system in Sui Dynasty, there have been 592 top scholars from the grandson of Wude to Guangxu in Qing Dynasty. Among the 592 top scholars, each has his own merits.
Hu Dan, the most outstanding scholar.
In the first year of Song Taizong, Lv Mengzheng went to a county in Shandong and was received by the county magistrate. However, he was satirized by the son of the county magistrate as a "sleepy" because of his poem "I can't dream of picking out all the cold light" and he was angry. After diligent study, I won the championship in one fell swoop in the second year. Lv Mengzheng wrote to tell her son. After reading the letter, the son sneered, "I will be the second person next year, thanks to you." In the second year, the champion of the new subject was this childe-Hu Dan.
A confident person will never be too bad luck. Look at this gentleman's handsome appearance and bright eyes. He must be a pillar of talent ...)
The most delicious champion-Li Pan.
Li Pan is a typical gourmet, and he moves slowly. When he entered the palace for the exam, he carried 36 steamed buns. It was dark and everyone handed in their papers. He just started and begged the examiner to let him finish slowly. I also had the cheek to ask for some steamed buns and burn the midnight oil. I didn't hand in my paper until late at night. After Emperor Kangxi knew it, he not only didn't blame it, but thought it was a rare scholar who studied hard, so he made an exception and made him the champion.
Together with him, there is also a poem "Exploring Flowers" that ridicules Li Pan: "Look at Pengcheng County, which is famous for Jinshi ... It is generally difficult to learn, and it is thirty-six."
(Eat a pit and gain wisdom, eat a pit and gain wisdom, eat happily, eat well, and hope that the majority of food candidates will tell each other! )
The luckiest champion-Bi Yuan.
Bi yuan is a small official in the military department. Two colleagues said to him, "Our handwriting is good and we are sure to win the first prize. Stop dreaming and help us. " The imperial examinations in Qing Dynasty did favor calligraphy, but Bi Yuan, who was poor in calligraphy, agreed.
That night, a letter about reclamation in Xinjiang was transferred to the military department, and Bi Yuan studied it in detail. Who talked about the entrance examination the next day? It's about reclaiming farmland in Xinjiang. As soon as he finishes his original plan, he will do it at once. As a result, Bi Yuan was a top student in high school. My colleagues all sighed when they learned that.
Times make heroes, opportunities make champions. Sometimes, the number one scholar = 10% talent +90% luck. )
The most innocent champion-Chen An.
During the reign of Zhu Yuanzhang, Chen An ranked first in high school and became the sixth scholar of Daming. This time, all the candidates are southerners. Coincidentally, all three examiners are southerners.
Now the northern students quit. Call on examiners to favor fellow villagers and belittle northern scholars. Zhu Yuanzhang was furious and ordered Zhang Xin and others 12 to review. At this time, news came that the examiner intended to submit the examination papers of lower-level northern candidates to the emperor for review. This unwarranted incident angered Zhu Yuanzhang, and Chen An was deprived of his reputation and died of a car crack. Chen An was the champion for less than 20 days, and then he died.
Sometimes being away from the office is not a blessing. Take the blame for no reason! )
The most legendary champion-Shi Dacheng
Shi Dacheng was the first scholar in Zhejiang in Qing Dynasty. At that time, there was a folk saying in Zhejiang that the number one scholar in Zhejiang in the Qing Dynasty "began in history and ended in bell". When he was in palace examination, the examination paper was drafted as the third place by the examiner. The emperor read it and praised his calligraphy greatly, saying, "This man must be a gentleman with neat regular script."
So he was appointed as the champion. Coincidentally, the last champion in Zhejiang was Zhong, which surprisingly verified the saying that "history begins and the bell ends".
The top scholar told us that a good word is the key to success! Don't hurry to write and practice! )
From today's perspective, it should be understood as the greatest fantasy of the ancients for "being the first".