1. What does 'wei' mean in classical Chinese?
(为)
wéi
To do, to do, to do things: for others . Last time. Difficult. Don’t do too much for your own sake (don’t go too far).
Treat as, recognize as: think. think. Take it for granted.
Become: become.
Yes: Twelve taels are equal to one catty.
Governance, processing: for politics.
Quiet: Smiling for the world.
To express emphasis: to be greatly annoyed.
Particle, expressing rebuttal or exclamation: If the enemy is not destroyed, why should we take care of our family?
Surname.
为
(为)
wèi
Substitute, give: to ask for orders for the people. Working for the tiger. Die for your country.
Table purpose: for. Why.
Yes, Xiang: Not enough for outsiders.
Help and protect. Hope this helps! 2. What does "wei" mean in classical Chinese?
It probably means the following:
(1) To become, to become. Example: ①How can this not be a blessing? ② Chu then changed his mind and became a loyal minister in the end.
(2) Do. Example: ① If you do this, the difficult things will become easy. ② Write four lines of poetry and give it your own name.
(3) As, as. Example: ① His poems are about raising parents and bringing in the clan, and he spreads his views on the talents of a township. ②Why do you plan?
(4)Yes. Example: ① Isn’t this small for those who are far away, but big for those who are near? ② When I touched it with my hand, I realized it was a wall.
(5) Think, think. Example: ① Who knows more about you! ②If you look at them suddenly, you will be surprised to see them as strangers. ③Stealing is a great thing but you don’t take it!
(6) Being. Example: ① When the anniversary was young, he was fierce and chivalrous, and was a trouble for the village. ② When he ascends to death, his seal will be obtained by others.
(7) The modal particles at the end of the sentence express questions or rhetorical questions. Example: ① What is Master’s order? ②What to say? ③ Qin Ze is rude, why should he do it?
(8) Refers to psychological activities. Example: Have you tried to seek the benevolent heart of ancient people, or is it different from the two?
(9)Yes. Example: ① The unique text can still be recognized as "Huashan". ② Dare to use it because of resentment.
(10) In the future, will. Example: ① On the first day, the soldiers were feasted on to defeat Pei Gong’s army. ② People say that an act can relieve disaster.
(11) Governance. Example: ① What if An Youwei is in danger and the world is in danger? ② Those who serve the country should not be moved by the desire to accumulate prestige!
(12) Pretend. Example: Introduced to remove unclean people.
(13)For. Example: ① I would like to be a saddle horse for the city, and from now on I will fight for my father. ②Anyone who manages his place for the rest of his life will benefit the world.
(14) Give, replace. Example: ① This person sighed and felt sad for everything he said. ②The public loser is my ladder.
(15) Right, toward. Example: ① It is not enough for outsiders. ② To sing for the world, it is better to have more people who respond. ③What can be done?
(16) Because. Example: ①Pangeng did not complain, so he changed his attitude. ②It’s not unworthy, it’s just because it’s unattainable.
(17) Then "yu", in, when. Example: Because I am here, I would like to tie someone up to pass by.
3. All the explanations of "wei" in classical Chinese
The meaning of "wei" is wéi ① do; do. "Wei Xue": "Is everything in the world difficult or easy? If it is difficult, it will be easy." ② invention; Make; make. "Trapboard": "In the Qingli period, there were cloth clothes that were promoted and trapdoors." ③As; as. "Gongshu": "Zimozi untied the city and used ultimatums and weapons." ④Become; It becomes. "Cha Jin": "The longevity of the people will be ruined." ⑤ It is. "Chu Shi Biao": "The palace and the house are one." ⑥ Governance; governance. "On Accumulation and Storage": "An Tian~ "What if the world is in danger but the one above is not alarmed?" ⑦ Write; Title: "Shang Zhongyong": "Written four lines of poetry, and self-titled." ⑧ Think: "Hongmen Banquet": "Stealing ~ King Don't take it." ⑨ Call it; call it. "Chen She Family": "No. ~ Zhang Chu." ⑩ Treat. "Hongmen Banquet": "The king ~ people can't bear it." ⑾ Count; count it. "War of Food": " Qin is rude, how can he be punished?" ⑿ Responsibility. "Hongmen Banquet": "Pei Gong wants to be the king of Guanzhong and makes his son Ying~ prime minister." ⒀ Dealing with. "Hongmen Banquet": "Now that he has come out without saying goodbye, what can he do?" ⒁ means passive. "Han Feizi?" "Five beetles": "The rabbit cannot be recovered, and the body ~ Song Guoxiao." ⒂ If; if. "Warring States Policy?" "Qin Ce": "Qin~ will not save him if he knows it." ⒃ Used in a sentence, it serves as an object in advance; used at the end, it expresses exclamations or questions. "Su Wu": "Why are you~" "Hongmen Banquet": "Now Ren Fang ~ Daozu, fish and meat."
For a clear idea, it is like occasionally reading the works of Western philosophers, which has the solemnity it deserves. 5. The meaning of "wei" in ancient Chinese
The usage of the word "wei" in classical Chinese
In classical Chinese, there are roughly four types of usage of "wei".
Category 1, verb
1 Pronunciation: wéi. Do it, do it
It’s not something you can do, it’s not something you can’t do. ("Mencius·Qi Huan and Jinwen."
——Not doing it does not mean that it cannot be done.
2 Pronunciation: wéi. Governance, governance.
Use rituals for the country. ("The Analects of Confucius")
3 Pronunciation: wéi.
I heard from the north that you are making a ladder and will attack the Song Dynasty ("Mozi Gongshu")
- I heard from the north that you are making a ladder and plan to use it to attack the Song Dynasty.
4 Pronunciation: wéi. Organize, prepare
It is to pretend to condemn Jing Ke ("Jing Ke Assassins the King of Qin")
So he packed his bags and sent Jing Ke on the road. .
5 Pronunciation: wéi. To act as, to become, to become
Then make Liuhe your home (Jia Yi's "Guo Qin Lun")
— —Then he regards the world as his home.
6 Pronunciation: wéi. Think, think
It is not possible to steal and become a king ("Hongmen Banquet")
——I think what you are doing is unreasonable.
7 pronunciation: wéi. It is, counts, counts, is called.
Chen She is established. The king's name was Zhang Chu. ("Chen She's Family")
- So Chen She was established as king, and the country's title was Zhang Chu.
The second type of prepositions
1 Pronunciation: wèi. Indicates the object of action.
The prince is angry, as if he were crying for the king ("Han Feizi"
- The prince. Get angry and cry to the king.
2 Pronunciation: wèi. To express the purpose of action.
The article is composed for the time and the poem is composed for the matter. "Yi Yuan Jiu Shu")
——Articles should be written to reflect the times, and poems should be created to reflect the facts. 3 Pronunciation: wèi. Because. , because
The movement of heaven is constant, and it will not exist because of Yao, nor will it perish because of Jie. ("Xunzi")
- The movement of nature is regular, and it will not be caused by things. Yao existed, and he would not perish because of Jie.
4 pronunciation: wèi. It means the recipient of the action, giving, and replacing.
Pao Ding served Wen Huijun. ("The Cook Undresses the Ox"
——The Cook unties the Ox for Wen Huijun.
5 pronunciation: wéi. It means passive, being
All of us are doing it Captured! ("Hongmen Banquet"
- We all will be captured by him 1
The third category; conjunction.
1 Pronunciation: wéi . Express causation because.
Is it because fat and sweetness are not enough to eat? ("Mencius·Qi Huan and Jin Wen""
- Is it because there is not enough delicacies from the mountains and seas to eat?
2 pronunciation: wéi. Expresses a hypothetical relationship, if.
If Qin knew about it, he would definitely not rescue him ("Warring States Policy")
If Qin knew about this, he would definitely not send troops to rescue him.
The fourth category. , modal particle, used at the end of a sentence to express interrogative mood.
Xi takes it ninety thousand miles south? ("Xiaoyaoyou")
——Why do you fly south after flying 90,000 miles into the sky? 6. What does we mean in classical Chinese
为
(1) Verb.
1. There are meanings such as "do", "as", "act as", "become" and "become", and the translation is more flexible.
①Cut down trees to become soldiers and raise poles to become flags. ("Guo Qin Lun")
②Then Liuhe will be the home and Weihan will be the palace. ("On the Passage of the Qin Dynasty")
③The soldiers are happy with each other, and they are friends who cut their necks. ("Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru")
④ Ice, water is made of it, and it is colder than water. ("Encouragement to Learn")
⑤The King of Zhao secretly heard that the King of Qin was good at (playing) the sound of Qin. ("The Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru")
⑥It is enough to win the title of (help) the young master today ("Jun Xinling steals the talisman to save Zhao")
⑦ Take Baiyue from the south The land was considered (divided) into Guilin and Xiangjun. ("On the Passage of Qin")
⑧ To (govern) the country with courtesy, he does not give in, so he exposes it. (The Analects of Confucius)
2. Think, think.
①This is the continuation of the death of Qin. Stealing is a great thing but the king does not take it ("Hongmen Banquet")
②The two children laughed and said, "Who knows more about you!" ("Two Children Debating the Day")
3. The judgment word is.
①Nowadays, people are like swordsmen, and I am like fish. ("The Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru")
② If it is not because of the delay in weaving, it would be difficult for housewives. ("Peacock Flying Southeast")
(2) Preposition.
1. Indicates passiveness, sometimes combined with "suo" to form "weisuo" or "weisuo", which is translated as "being".
①I am a prisoner of mine now. ("Hongmen Banquet")
②So he was appointed as a sergeant for Cunning Xu. ("Promoting Weaving")
③If the body dies and the country is destroyed, the world will laugh. ("Guo Qin Lun")
④If not, if you belong to everyone, you will be captured. ("Hongmen Banquet")
⑤The thin soldiers were caught in the mud and many people died. ("The Battle of Red Cliff")
2. Introduce the reason or purpose. For, because.
①Be careful not to die for the sake of death, for the noble and the lowly are worthless ("The Peacock Flies Southeast")
②For the beauty of the palace, the support of wives and concubines, and the needy people I know are worthy of my love ("The Peacock Flies Southeast") Zhuang Bao meets Mencius")
③This is for the beauty of the palace. ("Zhuang Bao Meets Mencius")
3. Introduce the objects involved. Give, replace.
①Then the King of Qin was dissatisfied and struck the fou. ("The Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru")
②Please take the fifteenth city of Zhao as the longevity of King Qin. ("The Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru")
③I would like to express my gratitude to the king. ("Zhuang Bao Meets Mencius")
4. Right, towards.
①What can be done? ("Hongmen Banquet")
② Like Ji weeping for the prince ("Xinling Lord steals the talisman to save Zhao")
5. Indicates the time of action and behavior. It can be translated as "when", "wait until", etc.
① For this reason, I ask you to tie up a person and pass by the king. ("Yan Zi's Envoy to Chu")
(3) Modal particles at the end of the sentence express questions or rhetorical questions. Woolen cloth.
①Nowadays, people are just swordsmen, and I am fish and meat. How can I say this ("Hongmen Banquet")
②He is a minister of the country. Why cut it? ("Ji's General Attacks Zhuan Yu")
③Why did Huai Jin hold Yu and order Jian Fang to do so? ("The Biography of Qu Yuan") 7. What are the meanings of "Wenwei" in classical Chinese
(1) First-person pronouns, including "I, Wu, Yu, Yu".
a They can all be used as definite, subject and object.
b "我" is usually only used as a prepositioned object in negative sentences,
c "I" is generally used as an object in affirmative sentences.
d "I" meant "I" before the Qin Dynasty. After the Qin Dynasty, the emperor called himself himself.
(2) The second person pronoun includes "female (you), you, and if".
a They can be used as subject, definite, and object.
b "ER, Nai" is generally used as an attributive only.
(3) The third person,
a The occurrence rate of "that" is not high. It is generally used as the subject and occasionally as the object. It is still indicative and has a contemptuous meaning.
b "Zhi, Qi" appears very frequently, "Zhi" is only used as an object, and "Qi" is only used as an attributive.
(4) After the first and second person pronouns, add "peer, generation, genealogy, cao" to indicate the plural. Such as "No, if you belong to them, you will be captured." 8. What is the meaning of classical Chinese
1. Definition: Classical Chinese is a processed written language based on ancient Chinese.
Classical Chinese is a written language in ancient China. It mainly includes written language based on the spoken language in the pre-Qin period. Classical Chinese is relative to vernacular, and is characterized by writing based on characters, focusing on allusions, parallel antithesis, and neat rhythm. It includes a variety of literary styles such as policy, poetry, lyrics, music, eight-legged essay, and parallel prose.
2. Characteristics: The characteristics of classical Chinese are: separation of words and concise writing. The characteristics of classical Chinese are compared with vernacular (including spoken and written language), and are mainly reflected in grammar and vocabulary.
3. Structure: (1) Judgment sentence The so-called judgment sentence is a sentence pattern that uses a noun, pronoun or noun phrase as a predicate to judge the subject. Its common forms are as follows: 1)."·······,... is also""...,... is also""...,... is also""... is,..." "...person,...person" and other forms.
For example: ① "Chen She is from Yangcheng." ("Historical Records. Chen She Family") - Chen Sheng is from Yangcheng.
② "Although Cao Cao was named Han Prime Minister, he was actually a Han thief." ("Zizhi Tongjian") ③Yi was a good archer in ancient times. (p> Wang Anshi's "A Journey to Baochan Mountain") ⑤Those who are awkward are those who have no shots from King Zhou Jing.
2). Use the adverbs "nai", "ie", "ze", "all", "yes", "sincere", "wei", etc. to express judgment. For example: "This is the autumn when I serve my life.
" 1. I don't know what year it is in the palace in the sky. ② Those who are still in the tomb today.
③Liang’s father is Xiang Yan, the general of Chu. ④This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower.
3). Use the negative adverb "fei" to express negation. For example: "The six kingdoms were destroyed not only because of the disadvantages of the army, but also because of poor fighting skills, but because of bribing Qin.
" ① Climb high and move, your arms will not be lengthened, but you will see far away. ②The city is not too high, the pond is not too deep, the army is not not strong and powerful, and the rice and millet are not not abundant.
③ It’s not like taking Mount Tai to reach the North Sea. Passive Sentence In classical Chinese, the subject of some sentences is the recipient of the action. This sentence pattern is a passive sentence.
The common types are: 1). "见" "...见...yu" "Yu" means passive. For example: "I often laugh at generous families.
" ① I am sincerely afraid of being deceived by the king. ② The city of Qin may not be accessible, but it will only be deceived.
③ Therefore, he was confused by Zheng Xiu internally and bullied by Zhang Yi externally. ④Zi Pan, seventeen years old of the Li family, was fond of ancient prose and was familiar with all the classics and biographies of the six arts.
2). "Wei" and "wei..." means passive. For example: "Parents and clans were all killed.
" ① When one dies and the country is destroyed, the world laughs. ② Those who serve the country will be robbed by those who accumulate prestige.
③For the benefit of others. ④ Fear of being ahead of others.
Inversion sentences in classical Chinese are relative to the sentence order of modern Chinese. Based on this, we divide classical Chinese inversion sentences into object preposition, attributive postposition, and adverbial Postposition, subject-predicate inversion, etc. 1). Object preposition. The so-called object preposition is a component that is usually used as an object and is placed in front of the predicate verb to show emphasis.
For example: "Zhi" in "Jie Bu Zhi Xin" is the prepositioned object. Object preposition is usually divided into four situations.
(1) In interrogative sentences, the interrogative pronoun serves as the object, and the object is placed in front. For example: "Why does the king come?" "Weisi people, who should I return to?" (2) In a negative sentence, the pronoun acts as the object, and the object is placed in front.
For example: "The ancients did not deceive anyone." (3) Use "zhi" and "shi" to advance the object.
For example: "I don't know how to read a sentence, and I can't understand it when I am confused." "Studying diligently is just a matter of urgency to learn, but it is not common.
" (4) The object in the introductory phrase Front. For example: "Otherwise, why would we be here?" 2) Postposition of attributive Usually the attributive should be placed in front of the central word, but there are many sentences in classical Chinese that place the attributive after the central word.
For example: "An earthworm has no sharp claws and teeth, but no strong muscles and bones. It eats earth and drinks from the underworld. It has the same intention." The "profit" and "strong" are all postpositioned attributives.
There are the following situations in which attributive postpositions are found in classical Chinese. (1) Use "之" to postposition the attributive.
For example: "How many people are there in the vast world?" (2) Use the postposition of "人". For example: "A horse that travels a thousand miles can eat one grain or one stone in one meal.
" 3) Postposition of adverbials In classical Chinese, adverbials with a prepositional structure are often placed at the end of the sentence as a complement. For example: "Yu Fu Zhe" is a prepositional phrase placed after the sentence as a complement.
4) Subject-verb inversion is rare and is often used to express strong exclamations. For example: "What a shame, I'm not doing you any favors."
"Blessed, this wind." "Beautiful, my young China.
"[Exercise] Determine the meaning in the following sentences Sentence structure. ① To protect the people and become king, no one can control it.
② The king is no different from the people who love the king. ③ How can you be a king if you are virtuous? ④ How do you know I can do it? Omitted sentences In classical Chinese, there are commonly situations where components are omitted. Grasping the omitted components will help to fully understand the meaning of the sentence.
The elliptical sentences in classical Chinese usually include: 1). Omitting the subject. (1) Inherit the former province.
For example: "The wild snakes in Yongzhou have black substance and white seals." (2) Inherited from the later province.
For example: "Pei Gong said to Zhang Liang: '(Gong) sent me to the army, and he entered.'" (3) Self-reported province.
For example: "(I) love is like a stream, and when it enters two or three miles, (I) find the home of the one who has the most extraordinary love." (4) Provincial dialogue.
For example: "(Mencius) said: 'To be happy (yuè) happy (lè) alone, to be happy (yuè) happy (lè) with others, which one is happy (lè)?' (Wang) said:' '" 2). Omit the predicate.
For example: "One drum will make the energy strong, and then (drum) will fade away, and three (drums) will be exhausted." 3). Omit the object.
For example: "It can be burned and taken away." 4). Omit the preposition object.
For example: "After the public reading, it will be solved that the mink will be reborn to hide the house." 5). Omit the preposition "yu".
For example: "Now the bell chime is placed (in) the water, even if the wind and waves are strong, it cannot make a sound." [Exercise] Complete the omitted elements in the following sentences.
① The Ran family lived here, so their surname is Shixi, Ranxi. ②Therefore, Ximen Leopard was the order of Ye and was famous all over the world.
③ Among the two strategies, it is better to defeat Qin Qu. ④ They all go out to the plains at the foot of the mountain, and they go out from the top of the mountain.
Fixed structure 1) Common fixed structures expressing questions are: nai he, ruo, how, how, nai...he, if...he, such (nai)...he, which and, There is nothing..., which one is better.
For example: ① What can I do if I take my bi but don’t give me the city? ("The Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru") ② What if my son takes the elk to free the city? ("Battle") ③It's better to be different, how about it? ("Zuo Zhuan·Qi Huan Gong's Attack on Chu") ④What if we laugh at a hundred steps with fifty steps? (. 9. What does classical Chinese mean?
What:
Indicates asking about someone, something, or the nature or nature of something
Where do you go from What news have you got?
Indicates asking about something or something
Tell me what you are looking for
Use a virtual finger to express something that is uncertain
p>
What kind of floral fragrance do you smell?
Expresses denial
Who is he? You actually care about him
Expresses blame
What are you laughing at?
Indicates a possibility that is not included in the word or series of words before it.
Is it a reptile, an amphibian, or something else? Something
Expressing surprise or excitement
What, no breakfast!
Excerpted from "Baidu Chinese"
Interrogative pronouns expressing questions.
Wang Dingbao of the Five Dynasties wrote in "Tang Zha Yan Gong Jian": "Qizhang Gongshi came from Jianghuangjian, put a book bag at the east gate of the country, and brought his business to the two Dukes... Han Shi saw the title. , and asked, "What's your name?" "Fada." What is the meaning? To put it bluntly, it just reflects some aspects of the old society."
Interrogative pronoun. It means no need, no need.
Tang Luyan " "Encouragement to the World" poem: "Food and clothing follow the fate, and you will naturally be happy; what is your destiny, why ask for divination?!"
The fourth chapter of Yuan Mingshi's "Zhuan Kuai Tong": "If the emperor of the Han Dynasty had handed down the book clearly, Marshal Han is immune to false accusations...I, Kuai Che, am also pretending to be a wind demon and using any tricks!" Such as: Tell me, why are you pretending to be dumb!
Excerpted from "Baidu Encyclopedia" related entries.