China had his own writing in the Shang Dynasty more than three thousand years ago (Oracle Bone Inscriptions). In the pre-Qin period, there were great thinkers such as Laozi, Mozi and Confucius in China, as well as classic works such as Tao Te Ching, The Book of Songs, The Spring and Autumn Annals and The Analects of Confucius.
Old China was deeply influenced by Confucian culture. Confucian classics mainly include thirteen Confucian classics: The Book of Songs, Shangshu, Zhou Li, Yili, Liji, Zhouyi, Zuozhuan, Gongyangzhuan, Guliangzhuan, Analects of Confucius, Erya, Xiaojing and Mencius. There are Six Classics, Book of Songs, Shangshu, Yili, Jing Yue, Zhouyi and Chunqiu. Qin Shihuang "burned books to bury Confucianism". It is said that Yue Ji was lost after the Qin fire. On this basis, the Eastern Han Dynasty added Yin's Analects, Filial Piety and Seven Classics. Zhou Li, Book of Rites, Biography of the Spring and Autumn Ram, Biography of the Spring and Autumn Beam, Erya and Twelve Classics were added in the Tang Dynasty. Mencius was supplemented in the Song Dynasty, and later the Notes to Thirteen Classics was handed down from generation to generation. On the basis of Neo-Confucianism represented by Zhu, the Ming Dynasty compiled The Complete Books of Five Classics, The Complete Books of Four Books and The Complete Book of Sexual Theory, which became the basic teaching materials in the imperial examination, thus imprisoning people's thoughts. Thirteen Classics is the basic work of Confucian culture. As far as traditional concepts are concerned, The Book of Changes, The Book of Rites and The Spring and Autumn Annals are called classics and Zuozhuan. The later four books refer to Daxue (one in the Book of Rites), The Doctrine of the Mean (one in the Book of Rites), The Analects of Confucius and Mencius, while the Five Classics refer to Zhouyi, Shangshu, The Book of Songs, The Book of Rites and Zuo Zhuan.
China's ancient poems are very developed, including The Book of Songs, which recorded the poems of the Zhou Dynasty earlier and flourished in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, China's poetry ushered in its heyday. Famous poets and poets in the history of China are Qu Yuan, Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Wang Wei, Li Shangyin and Su Shi. Eight famous writers in Tang and Song Dynasties (Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong) were famous writers in Tang and Song Dynasties. By the Yuan Dynasty, new changes had taken place in poetry, and the beauty of poetry was integrated into music, making Yuan Qu popular. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, famous novelists in China history included Luo Guanzhong, Shi Naian, Wu Cheng'en and Cao Xueqin, who wrote many China classics, such as Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin, The Journey to the West and A Dream of Red Mansions. Therefore, there is a saying of "Tang poetry, Song poetry, Yuanqu, Ming and Qing novels".
Calligraphy is a unique art in China. Famous calligraphers in China include Wang Xizhi, Wang Xianzhi, Liu Gongquan and Yan Zhenqing. Chinese painting is also famous. The outstanding painters in ancient China were Gu Kaizhi, Yan, Wu Daozi, Mi Fei, Mi Youren, Li, Ni Zan, Wang Bi and Xu Weihe. Famous contemporary painters in China are Xu Beihong, Qi Baishi and Zhang Daqian.
Famous vernacular novelists include Lu Xun, Lao She, Mao Dun, Ba Jin, Qian Zhongshu, Zhang Ailing, Ding Ling and Shen Congwen. Poets and essayists who write in vernacular Chinese include Guo Moruo and Zhu Ziqing. Famous works include The True Story of Ah Q by Lu Xun, Home by Ba Jin, Midnight by Mao Dun, Camel Xiangzi by Lao She, Fortress Besieged by Qian Zhongshu and Border Town by Shen Congwen.
China has 37 world heritages, ranking third in the world, most of which are cultural heritages or dual heritages of culture and nature.
China World Natural Heritage: Jiuzhaigou Scenic Area, Wulingyuan Scenic Area, Huanglong Scenic Area, Yunnan Sanjiang Parallel Protection Area, Sanqingshan Mountain in China, China Karst, Giant Panda Habitat.
China World Cultural Heritage: Great Wall, Mogao Grottoes, Pingyao Ancient City, Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui (Xidi Village and Hongcun Village), chengde mountain resort and its surrounding temples, Yungang Grottoes, Dazu Stone Carvings, Royal Palace in Ming and Qing Dynasties, Suzhou Classical Gardens, Terracotta Warriors and Horses of the First Qin Emperor's Mausoleum, Qingcheng Mountain and Dujiangyan, Qufu Confucius Temple, Kong Lin Confucius Temple, Longmen Grottoes, Yinxu in Anyang, Henan, imperial tombs of the ming and qing dynasties, Temple of Heaven, Summer Palace and Old Town of Lijiang. "
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