Ancient Editor
Cai Wenji
[1] Cai Wenji (about 177-about 239), named Yan [yǎn], formerly known as Zhaoji, was born in Jin Dynasty Sima Zhaota, also known as Wenji and Mingji, was born in Chenliuyu (now Qixian County, Kaifeng, Henan Province). He was a musician and writer during the Three Kingdoms period of the Eastern Han Dynasty. He is erudite and can write well, and is also good at poetry and poetry. He is also good at eloquence and music. His representative works include "Eighteen Beats of Hujia" and "Poems of Sorrow and Indignation". Her father is the famous scholar Cai Yong.
Cai Yong is Cai Bojie [jiē]. There is a libretto from "The Story of Pipa". It is said that after Cai Bokai won the first prize, he refused to recognize his wife Zhao Wuniang and did not marry the daughter of the prime minister. It can be said to be a thick accusation. the ancients. Because there was no number one scholar in the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was no such thing as marrying the prime minister's daughter. In this regard, Lu You of the Southern Song Dynasty once lamented that he was related to him and said: "Who cares about what is behind him? Just listen to Cai Zhonglang singing in the next village."
It is impossible for Cai Yong to win the top prize. , that is, county and county officials recommended local famous people for the emperor to choose and appoint. The number one scholar was unique to the imperial examination and only started in the Sui and Tang Dynasties.) But it is a fact that his talents were recognized by the world at that time. During the reign of Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty, he corrected the scriptures in Dongguan and found that there were many errors in the scriptures, so he corrected them, wrote them and engraved them on a stone tablet, and set it up outside the gate of the university. The later generations of students at that time used this stone scripture to correct the scriptures and read and write them every day. The journey never ends. These stone tablets were damaged in the Luoyang fire during the turmoil. More than 1,800 years later, farmers in the suburbs of Luoyang dug up several stones with writings on them while plowing their fields. They were identified as Cai Yong's handwriting. It is called "Xiping Stone Scripture" and is collected in the history museum.
Cai Yong was a great writer and a great calligrapher. Emperor Wu of Liang Dynasty said of him: "Cai Yong's calligraphy is as insightful and refreshing as if he has divine power." Contemporary historian Fan Wenlan said: "Cai Yong's writing in the Han Dynasty Art reached its highest level when Cai Yong wrote stone scriptures. "His writing is neat but not rigid, quiet and lively. In addition to "Jiaping Stone Classic", it is said that "Cao'e Stele" was also written by him. The composition is natural, the writing is vigorous, the knots are ups and downs, and there is no meaning of beauty, but a simple and innocent interest.
In addition, Cai Yong was also proficient in astronomy, mathematics, and ingenious interpretation of music. He was a leader in the literary world in Luoyang, such as Yang Ci, Yucan, Ma Yuebei, and later, both civil and military talents, and eventually became a dominant figure in his generation. Cao Cao, the lord of Cai, often went in and out of Cai's mansion and asked Cai Yong for advice.
Cai Wenji was born in such a family. She has been influenced by her ears and eyes since she was a child. She is both knowledgeable and literary, and good at poetry and poetry.
Portrait of Cai Wenji
She is also good at eloquence and eloquence. The rhythm is very natural. It can be said that Cai Wenji had a happy childhood. Unfortunately, changes in the current situation interrupted this happiness.
Cai Wenji married Wei Zhongdao when she was 16 years old. The Wei family belonged to the Hedong family at that time, and Wei Zhongdao was an outstanding university student. The couple was very loving, but unfortunately the good times did not last long. Within a year, Wei Zhongdao He died of hemoptysis. Cai Wenji never gave birth to a son and a half, and the Wei family thought she had killed her husband. At that time, Cai Wenji, who was arrogant and arrogant, decided to return to her parents' home despite her father's objections. Later, her father died in prison, and Wen Ji was plundered by the Xiongnu. She was only 23 years old at the time, and was adopted as the princess by King Zuoxian. She lived in the south of the Xiongnu for 12 years and had two sons. During this period, she also learned to play the "Hu Jia" "And some foreign languages.
In the 13th year of Jian'an (208 years), Cao Cao was grateful for his friendship with his friend Cai Yong and learned that Wenji was living in the southern Xiongnu. He immediately sent Zhou Jin as an envoy with a thousand taels of gold and a pair of white jade to redeem her. Come back. She was thirty-five years old that year. Under the arrangement of Cao Cao, she married Tian Xiaowei Dong Si. In this year, the famous "Battle of Chibi" broke out.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the beginning of the Wei Dynasty, Cao Cao was a An era full of blood and tears, an era full of grief, indignation and pain. Poets collected the blood and tears, grief, indignation and pain stoically to create a song of hatred and desolation for the times. Cao Cao, Cao Pi, Wang Can... are all outstanding male singers produced in this era. In this majestic, high-pitched, and desolate chorus of the era, a passionate soprano is particularly eye-catching. She has experienced it all her life. Cai Wenji, a female writer who suffered from separation during the war.
When Cai Wenji married Dong Si, their married life was not very harmonious at first.
Cai Wenji suffered from turmoil and sorrow, and was often in a trance. However, Dong Si was in his prime and was a talented person. He was familiar with history and music, and had a high self-esteem. Naturally, he felt inadequate towards Cai Wenji. However, due to the instructions of the prime minister, he had no choice but to accept her. In the second year after their marriage, Dong Si committed a crime and deserved death. She ignored the resentment and came to Cao Cao's prime minister's house to plead for mercy. Cao Cao thought of his old friendship with Cai Yong and Cai Wenji's tragic life experience. If Dong Si was executed, Wenji would be unable to survive, so he forgave Dong Si.
From then on, Dong Si was grateful for his wife's kindness and re-evaluated Cai Wenji. The couple also saw through the world, went up the Luo River, and lived in the foothills of the mountains with beautiful scenery and lush forests. Several years later, Cao Cao passed by here while hunting and even went to visit. Cai Wenji and Dong Si had a son and a daughter. The daughter of Cai Wenji and his wife married Sima Yi's son Sima Shi.
Wenji married three times in her life, and her fate was bumpy. Ding Xie described it in "Cai Bojie's Nvfu" Her marriage:
The daughter of Yi Dazong, naturally blessed by the gods;
In the twenty-eighth year of the Chinese year, she wore the beauty of Deng Lin.
The six columns of the Ming Dynasty are still noble, and they obey the language of women's history;
After participating in the Ming Dynasty's instructions in the court, one can understand clearly and understand the clouds.
On the lunar month of the third spring, it will return to the sky;
Trailing the light clothes of Danluo, wearing the golden and green pearls.
I envy the prosperity of the place, but lament that the frost has grown;
How can we expect to grow old together, and we will be happy for the rest of the years.
Wenji is knowledgeable and talented, and her musical talent has been outstanding since she was a child. When she was 6 years old, she heard her father playing the piano in the hall, and she heard the sound of her father breaking the first string through the wall. His father was surprised and deliberately broke the fourth string, but she pointed it out again. When she grew up, she became a musical genius. She missed her homeland day and night in the Hu region. After returning to the Han Dynasty, she referred to the tones of the Hu people and combined it with her own tragic experience to compose the sad, melancholy and heart-breaking music piece "Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia". After marrying Dong Si, she was sentimental and confused and composed "Sorrow and Anger". "Poetry" is the first autobiographical five-character narrative poem in the history of Chinese poetry (of course some people think it is a forgery).
Dong Si pleads for mercy. The original text is that Chen Liu, Dong Si’s wife, was the daughter of Cai Yong from the same county. Her name was Yan and her courtesy name was Wen Ji. Erudite, talented in debate, and good at music. It is suitable for Wei Zhongdao in the east of Hehe River. The husband died without any children, so he returned to his home. During the period of prosperity and peace, the world was in chaos. Wen Ji was captured by Hu Qi and lost to King Zuoxian of the Southern Xiongnu. In the twelfth year of Hu Zhong's reign, she gave birth to two sons. Cao Cao was fond of Yong Shan because he had no heirs, so he sent an envoy to redeem him with a gold jade and remarry him to Si. He was enshrined as the Commander-in-Chief of Tuntian, and he was punished by death for breaking the law. Wen Ji went to Cao Cao to ask for her. At that time, the hall was filled with famous people and emissaries from far away places. Cao said to the guests, "Uncle Cai's daughter is outside. I want you to see her now." When Wen Ji came in, she walked around alone, kowtowed to plead guilty, and spoke clearly and clearly. Very sad and sad, everyone wanted to change their appearance. Cao Cao said: "We are honest and sincere, but the document has gone away, what can we do?" Wen Ji said: "Ming Gong has thousands of horses in his stable, and there are many tigers and warriors in the forest, why would he regret that a quick horse ride would not save his dying life?" To say so is to pursue the crime of the original sacrifice. When the weather is cold, a turban and socks are given. Cao Yin asked: "I heard that Madam's family has many tombs, can you still remember them?" Wenji said: "In the past, my late father gave me four thousand volumes of books. I was displaced and no one survived. I am reciting and recalling them now." There are more than four hundred chapters. "Cao said: "I will ask the ten officials to write it now." Wenji said: "I heard that there are differences between men and women. Repair the book and send it to him, and the text will be correct. Later, he was sad and confused, and he recalled his grief and anger, and wrote two chapters of poetry.
According to legend, when Cai Wenji interceded for Dong Si, Cao Cao saw that Cai Wenji was bareheaded in the severe winter, and he couldn't bear it. He ordered someone to take a turban, shoes and socks to put on for her, so that she could wear them. Before Dong Si returned, he stayed in his own home. In a casual conversation, Cao Cao expressed his envy of the original collection of books in Cai Wenji's home. When Cai Wenji told him that all the 4,000 volumes of books stored in his home had been lost after several wars, Cao Cao expressed deep disappointment. When he heard that Cai Wenji could recite 400 volumes, he was overjoyed, so Cai Wenji wrote them from memory. Four hundred articles were published, all of which were error-free, which shows Cai Wenji's high talent. Gu Fang continues the history of the Han Dynasty, and the Spring and Autumn Period is written with blood and tears. In addition to "Eighteen Beats of Hujia", Cai Wenji's handed down works also include "Poem of Sorrow and Indignation", which is known as the first autobiographical five-character narrative poem created by a literati in the history of Chinese poetry. "The true feelings are so deep that they naturally become written", which is passionate and poignant, and is unique among Jian'an poems.
Li Qingzhao
[2] Li Qingzhao (1084-1155): Yi'an Jushi, an outstanding female writer in the Southern Song Dynasty, a native of Zhangqiu Mingshui (now Jinan, Shandong).
Famous for his Ci, he is also the author of Li Qingzhao's portraits
poetry and essays, and is the author of "The Theory of Ci". He enjoys a high reputation in the history of Chinese literature. Qingzhao's exquisite writing and uncanny craftsmanship are unprecedented and unprecedented. He is revered as the Master of Graceful Master and is a monument in the history of Chinese spiritual civilization.
Li Qingzhao was the most talented woman. She was born into a family of famous officials. She had an unforgettable memory when she was young, spoke amazing words, and was well-read. The magnificent mountains and rivers of Qilu nurtured Qingzhao's creative spirit, and she became famous and outstanding in her teenage years.
After marriage, Qingzhao and her husband Zhao Ming were in love with each other and became like glue, "a husband is like a good friend." However, the good times did not last long, as the old and new party struggles between the DPRK and China intensified, and the couple was almost torn apart. Later, the Jin Dynasty's army marched southward, and the Southern Song Dynasty was corrupt and incompetent, destroying the Great Wall. Zhao Mingcheng was full of enthusiasm, but unfortunately he died before he left the army. Witnessing the ruin of her country and her family, Qingzhao "was unyielding in spite of the hardships and poverty". In her later years, when she was "searching, deserted, and miserable", she worked hard to compile "Inscriptions on Gold and Stone" to complete her husband's unfinished work. Li Qingzhao's poems mostly describe the feeling of missing her husband in her boudoir and the loss of her country and her family. Her poems are full of deep sorrow. The sentence "There is no way to escape the soul, the west wind blows behind the curtain, and the person is thinner than a yellow flower", which makes readers even more excited. Deeply shocked by it. Li Qingzhao is worthy of being one of the four talented women.
Shangguan Wan'er
[3] Shangguan Wan'er (664-710), a female poet of the Tang Dynasty. A native of Shaanxian County, Shaanzhou (now part of Henan). Granddaughter of Shangguan Yi. The first female Prime Minister, inherited
Portrait of Shangguan Wan'er
Inherited all the talents of his grandfather, he is good at poetry and has extremely high talent. After Shangguan Yi was convicted, she was banished to the palace, while Shangguan Wan'er and her mother, Zheng, were banished to Ye Ting. His mother, Zheng, was the sister of Taichang Shaoqing Zheng Xiuyuan. Under Zheng's training, Shangguan Wan'er was familiar with poetry and books and understood official affairs. In the second year of Yifeng (677), he was blessed by Wu Zetian for his intelligence and his ability in poetry. When Empress Wu became emperor, those who were responsible for many imperial edicts were called "Neisheren". When she was fourteen years old, she was charming and gorgeous, graceful and light, with a smile and a graceful manner of her own. In addition, she was naturally smart, her sight was recited, her literary talent was outstanding, and she could write a thousand words. In the second year of Yifeng's reign, Shangguan Wan'er was summoned to the palace by Wu Zetian and asked her to write an essay based on the topic. Shangguan Wan'er's writing was completed in a matter of seconds without adding any details. It is round and round, and harmonious with the sound of leaves. Especially her calligraphy is beautiful and imitates hairpin flowers. Wu Zetian was overjoyed after seeing this, and immediately ordered her to be removed from her status as a slave and let her take charge of the palace's imperial edicts. After that, most of the imperial edicts issued by Wu Zetian were written by Shangguan Wan'er. The queen repeatedly exclaimed: "This woman is absolutely extraordinary!"
In the first year of Shenlong (705), after Tang Zhongzong was restored to power, she still gained the favor of Zhongzong and Empress Wei, and was responsible for drafting edicts. He also had frequent contacts with Princess Taiping and had an affair with Wu Sansi. He once suggested that Zhongzong expand the library and add more bachelors to comment on the world's poetry on behalf of the court. He also manipulated politics with Empress Wei, Princess Anle and others, established private parties, and accepted bribes. In the fourth year of Jinglong (710), Zhongzong died. Empress Wei wanted to imitate Empress Wu and proclaim herself emperor. King Linzi Li Longji launched a coup, killed Empress Wei and Princess Anle, and supported his father Ruizong of Tang Dynasty. Shangguan Wan'er held a candle and led the palace people to greet her, and showed Liu Youqiu the edict she and Princess Taiping had drafted. Liu Youqiu took the edict and begged Li Longji to show mercy, but Li Longji insisted on killing Shangguan Wan'er. He was only 46 years old. In the early years of Kaiyuan, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty collected Shangguan Wan'er's works and compiled them into 20 volumes of anthology, with Zhang Shuo as the preface. "Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty" contains thirty-two of his poems.
Wan'er struggled in the turbulent era and became the "uncrowned queen" in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Wisdom, body, aura, talent... Wan'er relied on these magic weapons to shuttle among the important officials in the court, composing a beautiful and sad chapter of life.
Zhuo Wenjun
[4] A native of Linqiong in the Western Han Dynasty (today's Chengdu City, Sichuan Province), a talented woman in the Han Dynasty. She was beautiful and talented, good at playing the piano, and her family was wealthy. Zhuo Wenjun was naturally beautiful
with good looks, smart since childhood, erudite and knowledgeable, and proficient in poetry and poetry. He was also good at music and had unparalleled piano skills.
She is the daughter of Prince Zhuo and her husband is widowed. Many celebrities proposed to her, but she fell in love with the poor scholar Sima Xiangru. Sima Xiangru could play the piano and compose poems, and Zhuo Wenjun understood his talents and emotions, and fell in love with him wholeheartedly. Sima Xiangru's family had nothing, so after Zhuo Wenjun eloped with him, he opened a wine shop and acted as the shopkeeper himself, while Wenjun sold wine and Xiangru worked as a handyman, not afraid of ridicule. Prince Hou Zhuo and his grandson helped the two of them out of face, and they lived a prosperous life from then on. Later, Sima Xiangru finally became famous all over the world.
The story of Wenjun running to Xiangru at night became popular among the people and was used as material for later novels and operas.
Sima Xiangru’s literary talents, Zhuo Wenjun’s beauty, and his reputation as a man selling wine, growing up with grudges, and Nagato’s spiritual gifts; Feng Chan’s posthumous letter has been passed down as an eternal legend. There is also the famous song "Phoenix Seeking Phoenix" that has been circulated in the world: "The phoenix comes back to its hometown, and travels all over the world to seek its phoenix. I haven't met it yet and I have nothing to do. How can I realize that I am now going to the hall? There is a beautiful girl here. The people in the hall are poisonous to my intestines, why should I be handed over to the mandarin duck? "And Zhuo Wenjun's sad "Baitou Yin": "Today's drinking party, Ming Dynasty, the head of the ditch, the ditch water flows miserably. Sad and sad, there is no need to cry when you marry, if you want to marry the one you love, you will never be apart. Why are the bamboo poles curling, and the fish are fishing? If a man values ??loyalty, why should he use money and knives? "Book": "The spring blossoms are fragrant, the five colors are pure, the harp is still in the palace, and the new sound is new! There are mandarin ducks in the Jinshui, and water in the Han Palace. The things are new, and the people who are sighing at the world are here, and they are lustful but not Enlightenment! The red string is broken, the bright mirror is missing, the morning dew is shining, the fragrance is resting, the old head is groaning, and the pain is parting, try to eat more and not miss the concubine, the Jinshui soup is long, and I will say goodbye to you!"
Zhuo Wenjun! A beautiful, intelligent woman who is good at poetry and prose, and good at playing the piano. What's sad is that at the young age of seventeen, she became a widow in her parents' family. One day at a banquet, Zhuo Wenjun, who had admired Sima Xiangru's talent for a long time, fell in love at first sight because of Sima Xiangru's passionate and bold confession of his song "Phoenix Seeking the Phoenix". However, the love between them was strongly obstructed by their father. Relying on his longing for love, determination in pursuing happiness, and extraordinary courage, Zhuo Wenjun resolutely escaped from Zhuo Mansion in the dark night and eloped with the person he loved deeply. Danglong sells wine for a living. Life is difficult, but the relationship between the two grows deeper. This is also the most romantic night running story among love stories that has been circulated to this day.
Since ancient times, most men have always been disappointing. Sima Xiangru is no exception. When he showed some success in his career and was finally recommended to be an official, he lived in the capital for a long time, admired all the beauties in the world, and was proud of his officialdom, so he actually wanted to abandon his wife and take concubines. The days of adversity, passion, and deep love have long been forgotten now. Where can I remember that there is a wife thousands of miles away who misses her husband day and night. Wenjun stayed alone in his empty house, living a lonely life day after day, year after year. The song "Bald Yin", "...I heard that you have two minds, so I came here to make a decision. I wish to win the heart of the same person, and we will never be separated until we grow old...." expresses her persistence and yearning for love as well as the unique determination of a woman. and tenacity. It also adds a bit of beautiful sadness to their stories.
Finally one day, Sima Xiangru sent a thirteen-character letter to his wife: one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, ninety million. The smart Zhuo Wenjun burst into tears after reading it. There is only one "100 million" missing in a line of numbers. Doesn't the absence of 100 million indicate that her husband is "unintentional" towards her? Her heart is as cold as water. With great sadness, I replied with a "Poem of Resentful Man".
His poem says: After one farewell, two places miss each other (suspended). Although it was March or April, who knew it would be five or six years ago. The lyre has no intention of playing, the eight-line script cannot be passed down, the nine-link chain is broken in the middle, and the gaze of the ten-mile long pavilion is about to penetrate. Hundreds of thoughts, thousands of thoughts, all helpless to complain. There are thousands of words to talk about, and nothing to do but sit on the railing for ten times. Chongjiu climbs high to see the lone wild geese. In August and mid-autumn, the moon is full but not round. In July and a half, I hold candles and burn incense and ask the sky. In the dog days of June, when everyone shakes fans, I feel chilled. In May, pomegranates are like fire, but they are watered by bursts of cold rain. In April, the loquats are not yet yellow, and I want to look in the mirror and feel confused. In a hurry, the peach blossoms float with the water in March, and the kite string breaks in February. Hey, Lang, Lang, I wish that in the next life, you would be a girl and I would be a boy.
After Sima Xiangru read his wife’s letter, he couldn’t help but marvel at his wife’s talent. Thinking back on the love between husband and wife in the past, I was so ashamed that I never mentioned the matter of my surviving wife taking concubines again. This poem has become the representative digital poem of Zhuo Wenjun's life. Read it carefully, and the intertwined feelings of love and hate emerge vividly on the page.
Zhuo Wenjun is smart. She used her wisdom to save her husband's betrayal. She worked hard on her love and marriage, and finally came to the end of her hardships. In the end, they did not abandon their initial love and final persistence. This also makes their story turn over and over again, becoming a love story above the world.
Zhuo Wenjun is a talented woman who is thoughtful, courageous, and dares to love and hate. Her life should be worth it. For example, running at night is full of romance, such as love at first sight that can be encountered but cannot be sought, such as staying with the person you love until you grow old hand in hand, etc. If a woman is like this all her life, what more can a husband ask for? Later, people wrote a poem based on this incident: "Wangjiang Pavilion" - Guan Hanqing
The beauty of the stove is as beautiful as a flower, and the heart of the piano is not far away.
I have failed to make a promise tonight, please take pity on me for not having a home yet.
The four characters at the beginning of the sentence combined are: "I will live up to you."
Ban Zhao
[5] In fact, there are different opinions on the definition of the four talented women. There is another talented woman who is often mentioned, she is Ban Zhao.
Portrait of Ban Zhao
Ban Zhao (ca. 49-ca. 120) was a native of Anling, Fufeng (now Xianyang, Shaanxi). The daughter of Ban Biao, the sister of Ban Gu and Ban Chao, and the wife of Cao Shishu (i.e. Cao Shou), she was widowed early. There is a record of her in "Book of the Later Han·Biography of Women". Because the "Book of Han", its eight "Biao" and "Tianwen Zhi" were not completed, the Emperor Hanhe ordered Dongguan to continue them. He was summoned to the palace several times and ordered the queen to serve as a tutor to the nobles, named Cao Jia (gū). There are seven chapters of "Women's Commandments", collected into three volumes.
Ban Zhao, courtesy name Huiban, also known as Ji, has a rich family background and is especially good at literary talent. Her father, Ban Biao, was a great contemporary writer. Ban Zhao himself was often called into the palace to teach the queen and other nobles how to recite scriptures and history, and he was respected as a teacher in the palace.
Zhao Fu, a female writer in the Qing Dynasty, "looks at the east to continue the history, and writes poems and praises with skill".
At the age of fourteen, Ban Zhao married Cao Shishu from the same county as his wife, so people called Ban Zhao "the Cao family".
In terms of personality, Cao Shishu is lively and outgoing, while Ban Zhao is gentle and delicate. The couple can accommodate each other and live a very happy life.
Ban Zhao's literary talent was first shown in helping her brother Ban Gu compile the "Book of Han". This book is our country's first biographical history and is one of the better official histories. People It is praised for being comprehensive and well-prepared, and is as famous as "Historical Records". The whole book is divided into several categories: chronicle, biography, table and annals. Ban Zhao's father, Ban Biao, started writing this book when he was still a child. After her father's death, her brother Ban Gu continued to complete the work. Ban Gu, whose courtesy name was Meng Jian, was able to compose at the age of nine. A little older, he read a lot of books and studied all the sayings of the nine schools of thought. Unexpectedly, just when he was about to complete the "Book of Han", he was involved in the case of Dou Xian. After dying in prison, Ban Zhao learned from the pain and took over his deceased brother's work and moved on.