What did you do? Let's talk about his growth experience, his merits and demerits today.
I. Growing experience
Sima Guang (1019165438+10/month1086), the word Junshi, Han nationality, Xia County, Shaanxi Province (now
Xia county, Shanxi province), Su Shui, known as Mr. Su Shui.
Sima guang
1. Educated by my father, I will be honest all my life.
Sima Guang was educated by his father's honesty from childhood and insisted on honesty all his life.
This is because Sima Guang tried to peel walnuts when he was about five or six years old. He can't do it. His sister wants to help him.
But I couldn't leave, so my sister left first. Later, a handmaid peeled his Hu core with hot soup, and so on.
My sister came back and asked, "Who helped you do it?" He lied to his sister that he did it himself, and his father scolded him, "What's wrong with this boy?"
Dare to lie. "Sima Guang never dared to lie, but when he was old, he wrote it on paper and encouraged himself.
Never lied until I died.
Later, there was a story of "selling horses in good faith", which confirmed his commitment to integrity:
One day Sima Guang and his housekeeper are going to sell a horse, which is pure and beautiful in color, tall and powerful, and gentle in temperament.
Unfortunately, there is lung disease in summer. Sima Guang said to the housekeeper, "This horse has lung disease in summer (the author laughs: If COVID-19,
Pneumonia is also contagious. ), this must be told to the buyer. "The housekeeper smiled and said," how can anyone be like you?
Really? How can you sell a horse and tell others what's wrong! "Sima guang disagreed with the housekeeper.
Method, said to him: "how much money a horse is a trivial matter, not telling the truth to people, ruining the reputation of being a man is a major event." we have
People must be honest. If we lose honesty, the loss will be even greater. "Hearing this, the housekeeper was extremely ashamed.
Sima Guang hits tanks.
2. Smart and resourceful since childhood
The well-known story of "Sima Guang smashing a jar" is enough to prove:
Once, Sima Guang and his friends were playing in the backyard. There is a big water tank in the yard, and a child climbs it.
Playing along the edge of the jar, I accidentally fell into the water tank. The water tank is very deep, and it seems that the child is going to have no roof.
When other children saw that something was wrong, they cried and cried in fear and ran outside to ask adults for help.
However, Sima Guang used his quick wits to pick up a big stone from the ground and smashed it at the water tank. Bang, water
The jar broke, the water in the jar came out, and the submerged child was saved.
Xiao Sima Guang is calm and smart, and he has been like an adult since he was a child. This is accidental.
This incident made Xiao Sima Guang famous, and it was painted by people in Luoyang, Tokyo and widely circulated.
In memory of Sima Guang
3. Step into the officialdom; Don't forget to read and write when mourning.
In the first year of Baoyuan (1038), Sima Guang was twenty years old. He took the exam and was admitted to the first subject of high school.
Step into the officialdom.
Unfortunately, his parents died one after another. During the mourning period, he turned sadness into a driving force for studying and writing hard.
To relieve endless sadness and loneliness.
During this period, he read many books and wrote many valuable articles, such as Ten Philosophers and Four Nobles.
On Jia Sheng puts forward some opinions on some ancient things according to his own opinions and feelings.
During the three years of mourning, he learned a lot about the life of the lower class. Li Qing four years (1044
In), 26-year-old Sima Guang ended his mourning, signed a book as Judge Wu, and soon changed to Xuande Lang and became a prison army.
The main book knows Fengcheng county like the back of his hand. In a very short period of time, it has achieved the achievement of "considerable political voice and people calling for it".
Two. merits and demerits
Because he was witty and studious since he was a child, his father also had a good education. When he grew up, Sima Guang was filial.
Parents, love brothers, be loyal to the monarch, win the trust of others, be respectful, frugal, upright, gentle, humble and upright.
No, grow up to be an outstanding thinker and educator. The main results are as follows:
Song Renzong
1. Loyalty and filial piety to the emperor
During his five years in Song Renzong, he wrote more than 170 letters to the emperor, and also wrote "Sanyan" and "Five Laws".
I implore Injong to solve the problem of succession. Injong felt that Sima Guang really considered the country for the country, so he gave up the throne.
Zhongshu province. Sima Guang personally went to Zhongshu Province to ask questions until Zhao Shu was appointed as the Crown Prince.
After Song Yingzong Zhao Shu ascended the throne, the contradiction between the two palaces intensified. Seeing this situation, Sima Guang proposed the "Queen Mother of Shu".
"Going to the Emperor" advocates that the urgent task of the country should be to unite the people and the people, and to cultivate both inside and outside.
Later, he went to the "two palaces" and pointed out: "The golden dike is thousands of miles away and collapsed in the ant nest; Bai Bi's shortcomings are easy to separate, but difficult to combine. "The emperor didn't?
With the support of Empress Dowager Cixi, Empress Dowager Cixi left the emperor.
Song Yingzong Zhao Shu
I wrote two more chapters, one for the queen mother and one for the emperor. In the paper, talk about history and show interest and understanding.
Understand the great significance, proceed from the overall situation, try to convince each other, and finally get the effect. In addition, Yingzong's condition has also improved.
The contradiction between the Empress Dowager and Yingzong tends to ease.
2. Appeal to people's sufferings.
Sima Guang not only pays attention to state affairs, but also pays attention to the lower class. He showed concern.
The voice of reducing the burden for the people's sufferings. And this idea runs through almost all his memorials.
In "On Wealth and Diligence", he pointed out that farmers are the most bitter in the world today, because "farmers are hardworking and their clothes are rough."
Grain, but also to pay all kinds of taxes to the government, the burden of all kinds of labor. When the harvest is good, selling grain is an official.
Families are exploited, and they will be displaced or even freeze to death in bad years. It is suggested that some measures should be taken to benefit the people.
Sima Guang deserves to be a pioneer in advocating "poverty alleviation"!
Sima Guang opposed the style of feasting in the palace and spent six years in Jiayou (106 1). He wrote At the Banquet.
I implore the emperor to hold a banquet for the sake of the people. He entered the book "Words Leave Miscellaneous Things" and opposed the imperial court's disregard for the country's reality.
Reward the prince. It can be seen that Sima Guang is still a senior in fighting corruption and promoting honesty.
Comprehensive Mirror to Aid in Government
3. Contributions in history and literature.
Sima Guang's greatest contribution to historiography is that he presided over the compilation of Zi Tong Zhi Jian.
Zi Tong Zhi Jian is the largest chronicle in China, with 294 volumes covering all ages.
In the early Warring States period, Han, Zhao and Wei were divided into Jin (403 BC) and Five Dynasties (Hou Liang, Later Tang, Later Jin,
It was 1362 years from the end of the later Han Dynasty to the end of the Zhou Dynasty (AD 959) before the demise of Zhao Kuangyin (Song Taizu).
This book explains the ins and outs of major historical events clearly and is easy to read.
This can make the development of the facts clear at a glance. Sima Guang devoted his whole life to this book, which was written in less than two years.
He died of overwork. Sima Guang personally wrote Zi Tong Zhi Jian from its publication to its abridged version.
Not by others.
Sima Guang's Calligraphy
Sima Guang wrote a lot. Besides Zi Jian, there are eighty volumes of Tong Jian Li and Lu.
Twenty volumes, six volumes "the official table". In addition, he is in literature, Confucian classics, philosophy and even medicine.
They have all studied and written, and the main representative works are Hanlin Poetry, Literary Masterpieces of Past Dynasties, Yi Shuo,
Keywords Xuan Jing notes, Changjiang notes, Yi Shu, Shanju notes, continuation poems, medical problems,
Sushui News, Leipian, Paulus Johannes Gongzheng Collection, etc. "Frugal training, showing health" is included in the Chinese textbook of senior high school.
No one is perfect, who can have no shortcomings? Sima Guang's life also has some shortcomings:
Sima Guang is regarded as a typical representative of China's ancient scholar-bureaucrat's conservative thought, and he is dissatisfied with Wang Anshi's innovation.
In France, the land seized by soldiers with their lives during the reign of Shenzong Dynasty was returned to Xixia without compensation. The struggle between the old and new political parties in the future
At that time, it became a struggle between passion and power, and no longer paid attention to the operation of national politics.
The Song Dynasty suffered many wars and defeats, and the national situation has reached an urgent point. Sima Guang still insists on patriarchal ethics.
Rule the country and so on. But apart from the new law, it is impossible to put forward effective policies and guidelines.
It can be seen that Sima Guang is indeed a conservative who opposes innovation and political reform, and a royalist who maintains the old system.
Thrift training to show health
Three. postscript
Enlightenment from Sima Guang s growth history and merits and demerits;
1. A person's intelligence and wisdom from childhood should also be improved through follow-up study and good family education.
Only when you are old can you make greater contributions to the country and society. Otherwise, nothing will be achieved.
In addition to doing a good job in the government, officials should always care about the sufferings of the masses and formulate accurate
Poverty alleviation measures and efforts to implement (at present, our government is doing this), in order to achieve the real sense.
The country has become rich and strong and won the support of the broad masses of the people.
Sticking to the rules and standing still is a backward and conservative practice, which runs counter to historical development.