The ups and downs of life
-reading Su Shichuan.
Su Shi is a link between the past and the future, and he is a very important link in the long river of China's cultural history. No matter how the rulers of the Song Dynasty tried to ban the spread of Su Shi's collected works, Su Shi's reputation was passed down from generation to generation, spanning the times. Su Shi's character articles have become an important part of China's cultural spirit.
Su Shi's life:
Su Shi, Zi Zizhan, was born in Meishan, Sichuan on December 19th, Song Renzong, namely 1037 65438+ October 8th.
Su Xun, Su Shi's father, had a great influence on Su Shi.
Su Shi recalled that his father had taught him that "writing is for daily use, the Tao must be scattered, and the curtain of scholars is far and near, expensive and humble." This means that the article should have substantive content, and you can't suddenly play luxurious rhetorical games and ignore the theme. Under the guidance and influence of his father, Su Shi likes to study the rise and fall of history and its reasons. As a teenager, he was familiar with the history of Confucian classics, which laid a solid foundation for his later literary creation.
Young Su Shi likes calligraphy and painting very much. He likes to practice calligraphy, and he also likes ink and wash literati painting. Later, Su Shi became a great calligrapher, and now he is listed among "Su (Su Shi), Huang (Huang Tingjian), Mi (Mi Fei) and Cai (Cai Xiang)" and "Four Great Writers in Tang and Song Dynasties (Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan, Su Shi)". His paintings are as famous as the great calligraphers at that time, which is inseparable from his childhood hobbies. At the same time, his hobbies in his youth also cultivated his unique appreciation of works of art and his infatuated hobby of collecting, and he became a famous collector in that year.
Su Shi and Su Zhe are brilliant brothers. When I took part in the imperial examination, the question was "On Loyalty and Righteousness in Business". The examiners at that time were Ouyang Xiu and Mei, both of whom were advocates and representatives of realistic writing style. Ouyang Xiu is the leader of the ancient prose movement and a fighter against the formalism of Kunxi style and the flashy habits of Langqing poetry circles.
Ouyang Xiu and Mei need to be familiar with the ancient prose of the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties, and the Su Shi brothers who respect harmony are the realistic generals. It is inevitable that two people will be on the list.
Moreover, it is said that Su Shi can win the first place. Why did he only win the second place? It turned out that Mei was amazed and ecstatic when she saw Su Shi's paper: the examinee was strict in logic and concise in writing, and expounded orthodox Confucianism. Meet the standards set by him and Ouyang Xiu. Toilet, quickly recommended to the examiner Ouyang Xiu. Ouyang Xiu read this volume and enjoyed it very much. He wanted to be named after him, but he thought the style of this article was smooth and natural. Wang Yang is very arrogant, just like his student Ceng Gong. In order to avoid suspicion, Ouyang Xiu had to judge Su Shi's paper as the second.
Just as the Su's father and son were about to have a big fight, Mrs. Cheng died suddenly. The three men hurried back from Beijing. In October (A.D. 1059), Su Shi's worries expired. He was appointed judge of Dali and signed Fengxiang's letter.
In the third year of Zhiping (AD 1065), Sue's wife Wang Fu died in Bianjing at the age of 27. In April of the following year, Su Xun also died. Su Shi left the officialdom again to be filial to his father.
In April of the second year of Zong Shenxi Ning (AD 1069), Su Shi returned to the imperial court after three years' absence and worked in Guanhaoyuan.
In the fourth year of Xining, Su Shi went out to Korea for the third time. This year, he was 36 years old.
In May of the seventh year of Xining, the court appointed Su Shi as the magistrate of Mizhou.
On the Mid-Autumn Festival in Xining for nine years, Su Shi drank all night and got drunk. I can't help thinking of Su Zhe who became an official in Jinan seven years later. Write down the famous "Mink Head". "When is the bright moon?
Although Su Shi's ci is characterized by boldness, it can be compared with any graceful master in the description of delicate emotions.
At the beginning of the second year of Yuanfeng (A.D. 1079), Wipe Khan changed Su Shi to the governor of Huzhou. There are two sentences written by Xie Biao in Huzhou shortly after he took office: "Foolish and out of date, it is difficult to catch up with new entrants" and "Old people don't make trouble, or they can raise villains."
Because of these words, Su Shi's political opponents took it out of context and bombarded Su Shi to criticize the emperor. After five months of testing and training under the magic of political opponents. In the third year of Yuanfeng (AD 1080), he moved to Huangzhou on the first day of the first month. On March 5, 2008, Zongshen died of illness and Zhezong succeeded to the throne. Empress Dowager Cixi listened to politics, opposed political reform and began to use conservatives.
Su Shi's political life changed again, and he was ordered to return to the central government to serve as the official of the Ministry of Rites, and later he was promoted to a bachelor's degree in Hanlin. In the past ten years, Yuan You has been running back and forth between the capital and local governments, and he has had enough of the ups and downs of his career.
On June 20th, the first year of Chongning (A.D. 1 102), Su Shi was buried in Emei Mountain, Songyang, Ruili, and in the hook platform of Tancheng, Ruzhou. According to the compiled records, after Su Shi's death, people in western Zhejiang, Huainan, JD.COM and Hebei all cried in the city, and their scholar-officials all mourned at home. There were no signs of wise men and fools among Qin, Dragon, Chu and Yue. There are hundreds of scholars, who led the Buddhist building of rice and monk Huilin, the official capital of Chen Shidao and the official. Huang Tingjian hangs in the portrait room and is dedicated for life. Soon, Li Zhaogui, Liao Zhengyi and others. Was deposed and died. Ziyou cried and said, "I just entered public office because of my knowledge. If you caress me, I will be my brother; if you teach me, I will be a teacher. " Mino said, "Tao is like this. The style of writing is more vulgar than Ogun's, and the charm can be rotated. Liuhe is still narrow." Qian Shixiong said: "Zou Yang was born in the thirteenth century, and Monk was born 500 years later. I can't live without it." Li Zhi said: "Only after the death of the emperor did I know the loyalty of my life, the famous mountains and rivers, and the eternal soul. I wear cloth, too, and I will carry it on the human back. " Evaluation of Su Shi:
Su Shi's life can be summarized by "four threes": not forgetting three things-being the top scholar, Wutai poetry case and the queen mother's favor; Don't forget three people-Ouyang Xiu, who respects teachers and values Taoism, Wang Anshi and Sima Guang, who are always respectful and contradictory; Don't forget three places-Huangzhou, Huizhou and Danzhou; Don't forget three feelings-brotherhood with Su Zhe, life and death with Wang Fu, and disappointment with Chaoyun. Every episode in his life is almost related to legend. For example, when he was in to beno. 1, he changed from the first to the second, but he became more famous. In the Wutai poetry case, he survived and was demoted to Huangzhou, but there was a golden age of creation. His words to his younger brother and mourning for his wife are widely circulated and enduring?
Because of Su Shi's great achievements in many aspects, because of his more popular nature, because of his wise thoughts that always shine with wisdom, and because of his extraordinary talent, he has been loved by so many people and become a household name for thousands of years. Because of his rich life experience, he often becomes the topic and content that people talk about. Naturally, students often like to take Dongpo's deeds as topics or materials when writing. It is no exaggeration to say that any composition can have Dongpo. This is precisely because Su Shi's spirit and thoughts have long been integrated into the culture and history of China, and are still affecting our endless cultural creation and inheritance.