Nalan Xingde (1655-1685), a Manchurian with the courtesy name Rongruo and Lengjiashanren, was one of the most famous poets in the Qing Dynasty. His poetry not only enjoys a high reputation in the poetry world of the Qing Dynasty, but also occupies a dazzling place in the poetry world with "Nalan Ci" in the entire history of Chinese literature. He lived during the period of integration of Manchu and Han Dynasties, and the rise and fall of his aristocratic family was typically related to the state affairs of the dynasty. Although he served the emperor, he longed for ordinary experiences. This special living environment and background, coupled with his personal extraordinary talent, gave his poetry creation a unique personality and a distinctive artistic style. "If life is just like the first time we met, why is the autumn wind so sad and painted on the fan? It is easy to change the heart of an old friend, but it is said that the heart of an old friend is easy to change..." This masterpiece, rich in artistic conception, is one of his many representative works that has been passed down to this day.
Chinese name: Nalan Xingde
Alias: Langjiashanren
Nationality: Chinese
Ethnicity: Manchu
Birthplace: Beijing
Birthdate: 1655
Death date: 1685
Occupation: Famous writer and poet
Main achievements: "Three Masters of Qing Ci"
Representative works: "The Side Hat Collection", "The Drinking Water Collection", "Lushui Pavilion Miscellaneous Knowledge"
Contents
Character Profile
Character Life
Nalan Scenery
Poetry Character
Work Appreciation
< p>Calligraphy works based on the observation of physical propertiesThe Rise of Things
Poems in memory of Nalan
Famous lines from poems
Collection of works of Nalan Xingde
Geographical location of Nalan’s former residence
Nalan ruins
Tracing the origins of the Nalan family
Nalan Xingde
< p>Intersection with the study of "Red Studies" Nalan and Red MansionComparison of Nalan and Cao Xueqin
Brief introductions of relevant film and television characters
Character biographies
Nalan scenery
Character of the poet
Appreciation of works
Consideration of physical properties of calligraphy works
The rise of scenery
Poems in memory of Nalan
Famous poems
Collection of Nalan Xingde's Works Nalan's Former Residence
Geographical Location Nalan Ruins Nalan Family
p>The intersection of family traceability, Nalan Xingde and "Red Studies" research
Comparison of Nalan and The Red Mansion, Nalan and Cao Xueqin, related movies and TV shows, edit the character profile of this paragraph
Nalan Xingde (January 19, 1655 - July 1, 1685), a native of Zhenghuang Banner in Manchuria, Yehenala clan, named Rongruo, and a native of Langjia Mountain. The original name was Nalan Chengde. In order to avoid the name taboo of "Baocheng", the prince at that time, he changed his name to Nalan Xingde. A year later, the prince changed his name to Yinreng, so Nalan Xingde's name was changed back to Chengde. He was a native of Zhenghuang Banner in Manchuria. He was a Jinshi in the 15th year of Kangxi's reign. He was the eldest son of Mingzhu, a scholar at Wuyingdian University. He was indifferent to fame and wealth throughout his life, was good at riding and shooting, loved reading, and was good at poetry. His lyrics are basically based on the word "true", which means his emotions are sincere and strong, and his scenes are lifelike and lifelike. But reading it carefully makes me feel a little sad. People say, "Who would have expected that after the waning moon in the morning breeze, Liu Tuntian would be seen again now." Major works include Sauvignon Blanc.
Nalan Xingde (3 photos)
Edit the biographies of this paragraph
Nalan Xingde
Nalan Xingde in She was born in Beijing in the 11th year of Shunzhi (January 19, 1655 AD). Her father was the jewel of the "Prime Minister" who dominated the government during the Kangxi period, and her mother regarded Luo as the fifth daughter of Prince Azig and a first-grade imperial concubine. His family, the Nala clan, belonged to the Zhenghuang Banner and was one of the eight most prominent Manchu surnames in the early Qing Dynasty, which was later known as the "Yeh Nala clan". Nalan Xingde's great-grandfather's name was Jintaishi, who was Yehebeile. His sister Menggu married Nurhachi as his concubine in the 16th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty and gave birth to the prince Huang Taiji. Later, the marriage relationship between the Nalan family and the royal family was also very close. Therefore, it can be said that his life is destined to be rich, prosperous, and full of flowers. Perhaps it is fate that plays a trick on people, but Nalan Xingde is like "Although he is prosperous and prosperous, he is not too proud of himself. There is no glory in the world. If you are concerned about wealth and honor, you can be content with poverty." "The building always reminds me of mountains, rivers, fish and birds."
Nalan Xingde was born in the twelfth lunar month and was called Donglang when he was a child. He was talented since childhood and had a photographic memory of reading. He learned riding and shooting when he was only a few years old. At the age of 17, he entered the Imperial College to study. He was appreciated by Xu Wenyuan, who offered wine to the Imperial College and was recommended to his brother's cabinet. Bachelor's degree, Xu Qianxue, Minister of Rites. Nalan Xingde took part in the Shuntian Prefecture Township Examination at the age of 18 and passed the examination. At the age of 19, he was preparing to take part in the General Examination, but was unable to take part in the Palace Examination due to illness. In the following years, he studied more diligently and worshiped Xu Qianxue as his teacher. Under the guidance of famous teachers, he presided over the compilation of a 1792-volume compilation of Confucianism - "Tongzhitang Jingjie" in two years, which was appreciated by the emperor and laid the foundation for future development. He also compiled what he saw and heard in the process of studying the classics and history and the records of his friends. It took him three or four years to compile a four-volume collection "Lushui Pavilion Miscellaneous Knowledge", which included history, geography, astronomy, calendar, Buddhism, and music. , literature, textual research and other aspects of knowledge. It shows his extensive knowledge base and various interests and hobbies.
Edit this paragraph Nalan Scenery
When Nalan Xingde was 22 years old, he took the Jinshi examination again and ranked seventh in the second class. Emperor Kangxi made an exception by granting him the official position of third-class bodyguard, and later he was promoted to second-class, and then to first-class. As the imperial guard beside the emperor, he participated in romantic and elegant poetry as a handsome and mighty military attache. He accompanied the emperor on hunting tours in the south and north, traveled far and wide, and was ordered to participate in important strategic reconnaissance. He sang poems with the emperor and translated and translated works. Because of his holy will, he was rewarded many times. He was an enviable young talent with both civil and military skills and was the emperor's most valued companion. Close ministers, dignitaries with a bright future. But as a prodigy in poetry and art, deep down he was tired of the vulgar officialdom and the life of a servant, and had no interest in fame or fortune. Although "I am in a high gate and a wide mansion, I often think about the mountains and rivers, fish and birds." His poems and prose are all excellent, especially his lyrics, and he is world-famous. When he was 24 years old, he compiled and selected his poems into a collection called "Side Hat Collection" and wrote "Drinking Water Ci". Later, someone added and filled in the gaps in the two collections, totaling 349 poems, edited by one editor. , combined into "Nalan Ci". The handed down "Nalan Ci" enjoyed a high reputation in society at that time and was highly praised by literati and bachelors. It became an outstanding representative of the Ci community of that era. People at the time said, "Every family is competing to sing "Drinking Water Ci". How many people know about Nalan's thoughts?" This shows the great influence of his Ci. Nalan Xingde
In terms of making friends, the most outstanding feature of Nalan Xingde is that the people he makes friends with are "all handsome and different for a while, and they are called in the world those who are difficult to get along with". These people who do not want to conform to the conventional , mostly civilian literati of the Han nationality in the south of the Yangtze River, such as Gu Zhenguan, Yan Shengsun, Zhu Yizun, Chen Weisong, Jiang Chenying, etc. Nalan Xingde was extremely sincere to his friends. He was not only generous with his wealth, but also respected their character and talents. Just like Lord Pingyuan who had three thousand guests, many celebrities and talented people surrounded him at that time, making his residence in Lushui Pavilion (now Song Qingling) The former residence Neen Bo Pavilion is famous for the elegant gatherings of literati and poets, and objectively it also promoted the cultural prosperity of Kangxi and Qianlong. The reason is that to a certain extent, Nalan Xingde was able to learn the knowledge of Han culture that he admired from Han intellectuals, and more importantly, he had lofty ideals and noble personality that were different from those of ordinary playboys of Manchu nobles. This obviously made his actions deviate from the mainstream of society, thus becoming a focus of research for later generations. In 1674, when Nalan Xingde was twenty years old, he married the daughter of Lu Xingzu, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, and was given the title of Shuren. At that time, Mr. Lu was eighteen years old. He was "born to be graceful and dignified in nature". After getting married, the two became loving and affectionate, and their happy newlywed life inspired his poetry creation. But just three years later, Lu died due to dystocia, which caused great pain to Nalan Xingde. From then on, "there were many mourning songs, and the hatred of close friends was particularly deep." The heavy mental blow caused him to repeatedly reveal the sadness and sadness of missing lovesickness and the feeling of longing for loss in his subsequent mourning poems. Nalan Xingde later married the Guan family and had a concubine named Yan. It is worth mentioning that it is rumored that when Nalan was in his thirties, with the help of Gu Zhenguan, he met Shen Wan, a talented girl from the south of the Yangtze River. Shen Wan, whose courtesy name is Yuchan, was born in Wucheng, Zhejiang Province. He is the author of "Selecting Dream Ci". As a romantic and talented man of the generation, Nalan Xingde's love life has been talked about by future generations. There are also various rumors in the market. The most widely rumored is that his cousin entered the palace, but in the end it cannot be verified.
Edit the character of the poet in this paragraph
Nalan Xingde
The poet's unruly character, his natural talent for transcendence and his outstanding talent, The natural and unrestrained way he obtained fame and fortune, combined with the fact that he was born into a wealthy family, was well-offered in palaces, had gold-studded palaces, and had a smooth career in officialdom, created a kind of contradictory feelings and invisible psychological depression that ordinary people cannot understand.
Coupled with the early death of his beloved wife, the difficulty in realizing his old dreams, and the gathering and separation of his literary friends, he could not get rid of the confusion and pessimism deep in his heart. His boredom with his career, his contempt for wealth, and his disdain for officialdom made him careless about all the things outside his body that could be easily obtained, but he could not pursue long-lasting love and the natural harmonious state of heart and environment. But lingering and yearning. In the late spring of the 24th year of Kangxi's reign (1685), he fell ill and got together with his friends. He got drunk and chanted and sighed three times. Then he fell ill and passed away seven days later on May 30th (July 1st). Pass away. Although Nalan Xingde only lived for a short period of thirty-one years, he was one of the most famous poets in the Qing Dynasty. At that time, when the poetry world was undergoing a resurgence, he stood side by side with Chen Weisong, the representative of the Yangxian School, and Zhu Yizun, the leader of the Western Zhejiang School, and were known as the "Three Great Masters of Qing Ci". However, the difference is that Nalan Xingde was a Manchu nobleman who had recently entered the customs. It is amazing that he could master and use Han culture so profoundly. There are 348 poems by Nalan Xingde in existence (one theory is 342), covering aspects such as love and friendship, frontier fortress in the south of the Yangtze River, chanting things, chanting history, and miscellaneous feelings. Although he has a small number of lyrics as an author, and his vision is not very broad, because the poems are charming and emotional, and Nalan Xingde is a very sincere person, his lyrics are all excellent. , which was highly praised at that time and later generations. Wang Guowei, a famous scholar in modern times, gave him high praise: "Nalan Rongruo sees things with natural eyes and expresses emotions with natural tongue. This is because he first entered the Central Plains and was not infected with the customs of the Han people, so he can really do this. Since the Northern Song Dynasty, there has only been one person. ." Kuang Zhou Yi also praised him as "the first lyricist in the early days of the Republic of China" in "Huifeng Cihua". When Nalan Xingde was 24 years old, he collected his poems into "Side Hat" and later renamed it "Drinking Water". Later generations often called it Nalan's poems. Looking at Nalan Xingde's poetry style, it is fresh, meaningful, and sad, which is quite close to that of the later masters of the Southern Tang Dynasty. He himself also admired Li Yu very much. He once said: "Huajian's poems are like ancient jade, precious but not applicable; Song poems are applicable but less precious. Li Yu's poems have their beauty in both, and they are even more confusing." In addition, his poetry was also influenced by "The Collection of Flowers" and Yan Jidao.
Nalan Xingde's poems
In Nalan Xingde's poems, there are many descriptions of scenery, especially water and lotus. First of all, its special business is called "Lushui Pavilion". No matter what the current controversy is about the location of Lushui Pavilion, whether it is on the bank of Shichahai in the capital, at the foot of Yuquan Mountain in the western suburbs, or on the beach of the Yuhe River in Zaojiatun, its fiefdom, the word "water" cannot be left. It is a building near water or a garden with water. Nalan Xingde had a special liking for water. In traditional Chinese culture, water is regarded as a living substance and is considered virtuous. And use the virtue of water to compare with the virtue of a gentleman. It nourishes all things, overcomes hardness with softness, and flows endlessly, giving it philosophical connotation from the perspective of material nature. This point is particularly valued by the poet Nalan Xingde. After the Ming Dynasty established Beijing as its capital, many dignitaries built private gardens inside and outside the city. For example, the British Garden in the city, the Tsinghua Garden in the western suburbs of the imperial family Li Wei, and the Shaoyuan Garden in Caolang are all very famous. In the Qing Dynasty, especially the royal family began to carry out garden construction in the western suburbs. Starting from Changchun Garden and reaching the peak of Yuanmingyuan, three mountains and five gardens were almost the pinnacle in the history of ancient Chinese gardening. In order to follow suit, to facilitate their work, and even more to enjoy themselves, princes, princes, and ministers also purchased land in the western suburbs and built their own gardens and villas. The Pearl is just steps away from Changchun Garden, and "Ziyi Garden" is built. Taking advantage of the scenic beauty of Haidian and Xishan, a private garden with scenery like the south of the Yangtze River is constructed. Nalan Xingde named his own business "Lushui Pavilion", not only because of the water, but also because of his admiration for water. He also titled his work "Lushui Pavilion Miscellaneous Knowledge". The poet took the meaning of clear, calm and far-reaching flowing water, and took water as his friend and companion. He would recuperate and relax here, compose poems and lyrics, study classics and history, write books and treatises, and invite guests to Yanji for elegant gatherings. Poems and Books—a Taoist cultural salon. Even when he passed away, he did not leave his Lushui Pavilion. In contrast, in Haidian, a place with abundant water springs, the general Seng Gelinqin built a dry garden and built a mountain temple in the garden. Li Lianying, a powerful eunuch, bought three properties in the bustling city of Haidian Town, which are convenient for daily living but not interesting. Sally, a businessman from the clan, built a house on the thoroughfare, which was more ostentatious than elegant. Just imagine, if this great lyricist, whose nature is water and uses water to express his feelings, had no water, his emotional stimulation and creative inspiration would be greatly reduced, or even almost dry up. If he takes mountains as his theme and his feelings, then his art must have a different style. In Nalan Xingde's poems, there are many descriptions of lotus flowers. It is most appropriate to use the lotus flower to represent Mr. Nalan's noble character. Being able to emerge from the filth without being stained is the state advocated by literati.
It originated from the relevant teachings of Buddhism, which regard the lotus as an otherworldly symbol. In traditional Chinese culture, the "Four Gentlemen" of plum, bamboo, orchid, and chrysanthemum, as well as pine, cypress, and lotus are personified to give people their character, emotions, and aspirations, giving them specific cultural connotations and philosophical implications. Zheng Banqiao's bamboo, Jin Nong's plum, and Cao Xueqin's stone have all become cultural totems that express the mentality and emotions of literati. But Nalan Xingde identified lotus. His nickname is Langjiashan. It is reasonable for those who have a Zen connection to value lotus flowers. Where Nalan Xingde lived, there was water wherever he enjoyed himself, and the lotus in the water further cultivated the poet's temperament. There are ten miles of Furong beside Wengshan Mountain, there is Furong Hall at the foot of Yuquan Mountain, there are lotuses in the clear water beside Lushui Pavilion, there are still water marshes left in the west garden ruins of Zaojiatun Pearl Garden, and white marble railings with lotus patterns were unearthed... This all shows that it is related to Nalanxing. De's life and creation are closely related, and it is always with the poet's spirit. Chinese literati in the past dynasties have pursued the understanding of material nature and linked it with philosophical concepts such as outlook on life and world view, guided life and career, and turned it into art. It arises at the intersection of philosophical rationality and artistic passion. Nalan Xingde is no exception. He reflected his philosophical ideas in the form of poetry and outstanding art. Nalan Rongruo's Calligraphy Couplets
Calligraphy Works
The Rise of Scenery
Many of Nalan Xingde's poems were inspired by Hu Jia's trip to the West Mountains of Beijing Area
Nalan Rongruo’s portraits (7 photos) were written while visiting scenic spots. Almost all traces of these places can be traced and their histories can be traced. These emotions and emotions generated by the scenic spots and historical sites are well-founded. By observing the places where he writes, we can have a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the origins of Nalan Xingde's poetry creation, his rich knowledge of literature and history, and his accurate feelings about the image of objective things. Nalan Xingde once visited the "Eight Great Places" Baozhu Cave with Kangxi. His subordinate Xuan Ye, looking from afar, wrote "Looking at the Sea Tide·Baozhu Cave": "The wind and rain in the desert, the cold smoke and the decaying grass, the rise and fall of the mountains and rivers. The mountains are empty in the daytime, and the night is clear, it is particularly desolate. The past is the most embarrassing. Wounded, I think of the beautiful scenery of the Tongluo Lane and the Golden Valley. There are still boys herding cattle and sheep. There is a vast expanse of deserted sand, with a line of mulberry trees, a line of smoke from the chimneys, and a third of dreamy rain. I can't bear to see the setting sun outside the forest. After returning to the wild geese for two or three days, I saw chaotic clouds and low water, and the monks were riding on the deserted hills. At dusk, the cool moon on the pine gate was blowing on their clothes. "Standing on the pavilion overlooking the Baozhu Cave on the top of the mountain, it is appropriate to look south and east. Looking south, the line of Yongding River is as thin as a belt and yarn. The Xishan Alluvial Fan, which was formed by its millions of years of flooding and erosion, not only formed the Beijing Plain, but also had a vital influence on the ancient geography of Beijing. It is still on both sides of the river today. You can see large expanses of barren sand and numerous mounds of earth. Not far from the foot of the mountain are Babao Mountain, Laoshan, Tiancun Mountain and Shijing Mountain. The Han Dynasty tombs from two thousand years ago have long been unknown to the public. At the foot of the mountain, the tomb of Princess Cuiwei of the Yuan Dynasty has disappeared without a trace. The burial place of noble relatives of the Ming Dynasty has been gradually replaced by the tombs of princes of the Qing Dynasty. . Looking to the southeast, the ruined city walls of the Liao and Jin Dynasties are especially visible, and the purple air of the Ming and Qing Beijing City on the site of the Yuan Dynasty comes from the east. The Liao and Song Dynasties carried out the "Battle of Gaoliang River" in the area north of Huicheng Gate and Zizhuyuan. The Liao army's cavalry rushed to support, causing the Song army to collapse. The Jin soldiers captured Liao Youzhou City and built the central capital on it. After the people of Yuan Dynasty burned Jinzhongdu, they moved the city eastward and built the capital city. Historical changes, changes in dynasties, and the rise and fall of cities all aroused Nalan Xingde's infinite emotion. Nalan Xingde drove to Heilongtan in the West Mountain and wrote "Remembering Qin'e·Longtankou" "The mountains are overlapping, and the sky is cracked along the cliff. The sky is cracked, the inscriptions are broken on the tablets, and the ancient moss is gnawing. The wind is thundering and the gold and iron are ringing, and the bottom of the pool is gloomy. Jiaolong Cave, full of rise and fall, the bright moon in the old days. "Black Dragon Pond is located in the north of Huamei Mountain, under the northeastern stone cliff at the mouth of the mountain. The rocks here are green and black, the trees are bleak, and the shade is thick and moss-slippery. Spring water emerges from the bottom of a deep pool,
Edit this paragraph Nalan Xingde's collection of works
Edit this paragraph Nalan's former residence
Nalan Xingde
p>Nalan Xingde was born on December 12, the 11th year of Shunzhi (January 19, 1655). He entered Taixue at the age of 17, passed the imperial examination at the age of 18, passed the Jinshi examination at the age of 22, and was awarded the third degree by Kangxi. Waiting for a bodyguard, and then be promoted to a second-class bodyguard, and then to a first-class bodyguard. As a guard of the Palace of Qianqing, he served at the emperor's side and as a retinue. Because of his outstanding talents, he was valued by the emperor. His collections of poems "Side Hat Collection" and "Drinking Water Ci" were published in the world. On May 30, the twenty-fourth year of Kangxi (July 1, 1685), Nalan Xingde died of illness at the age of 31. When Nalan Xingde was 20 years old, he married Lu, the daughter of Lu Xingzu, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi. The two had a close relationship. Unfortunately, Lu died three years after the marriage. Nalan Xingde married another Guan family.
Nalan Xingde had three sons, the eldest son Fu Ge was the daughter of the concubine Yan, the second son Fuldun was the daughter of the Lu family, and the third son Fu Sen was the daughter of Shen Wan. His grandson's name is Zhandai. Beiling Longbi, Nalan Kuixu, the second son of Mingzhu, first served as an assistant leader and bodyguard, and later served as an attendant of the Hanlin Academy, where he was promoted to a bachelor of the Imperial Academy, a bachelor of the Imperial Academy, a bachelor of the Imperial Academy, a minister of the Ministry of Etiquette, the right minister of the Ministry of Relocation, and the left minister of the Ministry of Work. Shilang, the censor of Zuodu, who moved the capital to the Chaoyuan, was still in charge of the affairs of the Hanlin Academy. He wrote "Yijietang Collection", "Jiji Collection", "Xiguangting Zazhi" and "Hou Shi". Kangxi was furious because of the issue of establishing the crown prince, and was blamed by Shangshu for spreading rumors. In the Yongzheng Dynasty, his status was further demoted after his death, and it was not restored until the Qianlong Year. Kuixu's wife, Geng, is the daughter of Geng Juzhong. Geng Juzhong was the third brother of Geng Jingzhong, one of the "three vassals" in the early Qing Dynasty, and the third son of Geng Jimao, King of Jingnan. Geng Juzhong married Princess Shuo Roujia, the daughter of Prince Yue Le of Anjun, and gave birth to the Geng family. Because of this relationship, Geng was called Gege when he came in and out of the palace. Because Geng Juzhong was loyal to the Qing Dynasty and did not participate in the "Three Feudatories Rebellion", he was given the title of Prince Taibao and died a good death. Nalan Kuifang was the third son of Mingzhu, and his wife was the great-grandson of Prince Li Daishan and the eighth daughter of Prince Shuokang Jieshu, who was the princess. Kuifang is the subordinate (junior horse) of Heshuo, and his courtesy is the same as that of the Duke. Both Kuifang and his wife died one after another, leaving two sons: An Zhao and Yuan Pu. Later, Kangxi ordered both to be adopted by Kuixu and his wife, and their names were changed to Yongshou and Yongfu. At the age of 16, Nalan Yongshou was appointed as an assistant commander and bodyguard. He was the deputy commander-in-chief of Manchuria under the Zhenghuang Banner and the right minister of the Ministry of Rites. He was also appointed as the left minister of the Ministry of War. Yongshou married A'shi, the daughter of Taigong Han, the deputy commander of the Han army under the Zhenghuang Banner. They had two children. Four daughters, one of whom later became the concubine Shu of Qianlong Hongli. Nalan Yongfu married Sangege, the daughter of the ninth son of the emperor Yunzhen, and became the general manager of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Because of his kinship with Yunzhen, the ninth son of his father-in-law, he successively supported Yunxi and Yunqi in seeking the throne. He became resentful of the fourth son of the emperor, Yinzhen, and became Yongzheng's political enemy. He was hated by him and was dismissed from his post. Later he served as the Minister of Household Affairs in Shengjing until the fourth year of Qianlong's reign. Nalan Zhandai was the grandson of Nalan Xingde. He served as deputy commander of Manchuria under the Zhenghong Banner of the Qianlong Dynasty, and as admiral and commander-in-chief of the Zhili Army, Tongzhi. He also posthumously awarded his father Fogg the title of Vice-Capital of Manzhou, Dr. Guanglu, Zhenghong Banner, and promoted him to Dr. Guanglu, Admiral of Zhili, and Tongzhi, Commander-in-Chief Military Officer of Zhili. His mother, the Lu family, and his biological mother, the Yan family, also "gave a gift of a first-class wife." The Nalan family has been officials for generations due to the feudal aristocratic system, and was once a highly respected minister. It is inextricably linked to the Qing Dynasty through blood, marriage, etc. Nalan Xingde himself, his brother Kuexu, and his son Fogg were all extremely talented and knowledgeable; the officials served by his father, brother, and children were also both civil and military. The family lineage thus formed is the epitome of the feudal upper class and has considerable typical significance.
The intersection between editing this paragraph and the study of "Red Studies"
Nalan and the Red Mansion
The vigorous research on "Red Studies" has been going on for more than a hundred years. Among them, many scholars and masters have participated in the research, and have achieved a lot of results and progress. Not only did the great man Mao Zedong comment on the study of "A Dream of Red Mansions", but dating back a hundred years, the emperors, princes, princes and grandsons of the Qing Dynasty also participated in it. Anyone who studies "red science" will have some understanding of Mingzhu and Nalan Xingde. Qianlong can be regarded as the first red scholar. When Heshen presented "A Dream of Red Mansions", Qianlong read it and said: "This cover is for Mingzhu's family affairs." In one sentence, he connected "A Dream of Red Mansions" with the Nalan family. Not to mention whether this inference is really reasonable, the emperor made the first statement and suggested the possible connection between the two things based on his experience. Nalan Mingzhu, Nalan Xingde and Cao Xueqin were all people from the "Kang-Qian Dynasty" in the early to mid-Qing Dynasty, one after another. Their family backgrounds and experiences have many similarities, which are a concentrated reflection of the political and cultural phenomena of that period. First of all, Nalan Xingde and Cao Xueqin's grandfather Cao Yin were both on duty in the palace, and both were imperial guards. According to research, this kind of colleague relationship may be extraordinary. They are all very talented in literature. One is a Manchu who successfully joined the mainstream culture of the Central Plains through hard work and diligence. The other is the family tradition of ancestors, which brought mature Sinology into the banner. From two different angles, we achieve the beauty of co-operation and make efforts to integrate Manchu and Chinese cultures. The best evidence now is the poetry and prose exchange between Cao Yin, who was a weaver in Jiangning at that time, and Nalan Xingde, who was stationed at the Weaving Department during Kangxi's southern tour. Nalan has a poem "Manjianghong. It was built by Cao Ziqing and his ancestors built the Neem Pavilion. The pavilion is in the Jinling Office": He is from Pingyang, and he admires the reputation of Yi Ye. Don't you see that the mountain dragon is replenishing the mountain? It was the orchid office in the past. After drinking, we went into the water in Stone City and moved to the trees beside Yanzijiji. A stem of yellow neem makes three locust trees, approaching the garden. Extend the evening moon and bear the morning dew. Looking at the hand, I feel deep admiration. Even more phoenixes have more talents, and they can be more talented when they climb high. When I enter the dream, I draw the picture, leave the inscription, and send a sarong to protect me. It is green and green, and the green child is looking forward to the black clothes, but it is not dusk. In addition, Nalan Xingde also wrote "Cao Si's Tree Planting with Empty Hands".
Both were close ministers of the emperor, and Nalan was the bridge between the emperor and the cultural figures. Cao Yin was sent to the south of the Yangtze River. While serving as an official, he monitored the activities of the literati in the south of the Yangtze River and served as the imperial court's secret envoy to win over talents. Their directions of action are different, but their purpose and destination are the same. They are all generals and assistants of the Qing Dynasty's cultural rule. This is the same role they play in ideology and the most similarities in cultural functions. Furthermore, the Nalan family and the Cao family are both feudal bureaucratic families. Entering the pass from the dragon, he has made meritorious deeds, and has inherited official titles for several generations. He is a family with great fame and great food. The Nalan family were not only authentic orthodox Manchu aristocrats, but also had a complex relationship with the dynasty by blood. The ancestor of the Cao family was an officer in the Liaodong garrison of the Ming Dynasty. Later, he was transferred to the Qing Dynasty and changed his nationality. He was classified as a retainer of the emperor. Cao Yin's biological mother was Kangxi's wet nurse. Cao Yin served as the emperor's attendant (classmate) and Cao Xueqin's sister. She is also the son of Prince Li and the princess of Pingjun King Narsu. The Cao family has inherited the weaving profession in Jiangning for sixty or seventy years. What should not be forgotten in particular is Nalan Xingde. Cao Yin and Emperor Kangxi were young monarchs and ministers who were close in age and "played together to grow up". The Nalan family and the Cao family have many similarities not only in their dynastic relationship, but also in their family life. Their ancestors were all veterans who entered the pass from the dragon, and became prosperous after the Qing Dynasty established China. Both families have certain cultural traditions and pay attention to cultural construction. Mingzhu was a supporter of the Manchu-Chinese cultural integration policy, and he had led the editor of a number of large books in the early Qing Dynasty. He devoted all his efforts to the cultural study and development of his children. Among his children and grandchildren are the famous poet Nalan Xingde, Kui Xu, a bachelor of the Hanlin Academy, and his grandson Fogg who loves reading and is a good collector of books. The ancestor of the Cao family was an artillery instructor with a guerrilla rank in the Liaoyang garrison in the Ming Dynasty. The descendants of the Cao family were all officials with outstanding literary talents and who were willing to make friends with celebrities all over the world. Although their ancestors were all military officers, in the process of culture and the general situation of improving civil administration, they followed this trend earlier and completed this transformation. Poems and books are passed down from family to family, and literature and etiquette are valued. Both families have the brilliance of "fire cooking oil, flowers blooming brocade", and they are both "families with poems and books and hairpins". But they all suffered the bad luck of being dismissed from their posts and confiscated their homes. The political struggle of a feudal dynasty and the rise and fall of the family are so vividly and vividly reproduced. Nalan, the political changes in the dynasty have deeply affected the fate of their family. The development of conflicts within their family and the ups and downs of their family also reflected the rise and fall of the dynasty in miniature. They influence each other and observe each other. Like most feudal officials, Mingzhu once again controlled government affairs, betrayed the public and private interests, and was greedy for money. He was impeached by the imperial censor, dismissed from his post, and had his property confiscated. His mansion and home were spotted by another sycophant, Heshen, who took possession of him. The Cao family has been prosperous for nearly a hundred years, but they were accused of misappropriation of funds, were dismissed from their posts and inspected due to shortfalls, and their weaving duties were replaced by another corrupt official named Sui Hede. This kind of symmetry is not about succeeding the bad with good, but is the result of the internal struggle within the ruling group. Both of their families had been involved in the palace power struggle consciously or unconsciously, and they belonged to the cronies of the eighth prince Yunhu and the ninth prince Yunsu. Nalan Xingde's eldest brother Kuixu brought up "eighth elder brother" again on the issue of establishing a prince. Xuanye was furious and was demoted. Yongzheng was even more aggressive in punishing his political opponents, even if they were killed. The decree removed the old characters on Kuixu's tombstone and replaced it with the words "Tomb of unfaithful, unfilial, treacherous and insidious Kuixu" to make it permanent. Because of his marriage, Kuifang was naturally among the prince's cronies. Unfortunately, he died young and the honor and disgrace were his. The Cao family also became allies with the eighth son and the ninth son of the emperor because of the issue of establishing a crown prince. They were hated by Yongzheng and were quickly eliminated. Because at Wanshou Temple next to Jiangning Zhizao Yamen, they discovered that the Cao family had collected and cast bronze lions for Yunzhen, and found out the reasons and mistakes, they reduced their positions to civilians, sent them to the army and sent them to the army, and investigated to the end. The two families also experienced the cycle of glory and disgrace in the "Kangxi and Qianlong Dynasties" when the feudal system came back to its glory. Although Nalan Xingde himself did not experience the decline of his family like Cao Xueqin did later. However, his marriage and career did not last long, and they seemed to indicate the law of water overflowing, the moon waxing, and the feast breaking up. It should be noted that this phenomenon is not limited to the Nalan and Cao families. It is the development law of general things, and it is a common phenomenon in the feudal dynasty. This is precisely the social significance of their family history.
Comparison between Nalan and Cao Xueqin
Comparing the personal characters of Nalan Xingde and Cao Xueqin, there are many similarities and similarities, and both of them are outstanding. talents and extraordinary cultural foundation.
When Nalan Xingde edited "Tongzhitang Jingjie", he recorded all his readings, indexes, and experiences in the book. Later, it was compiled into "Lushui Pavilion Miscellaneous Knowledge", which covered history, geography, astronomy, calendar, and Buddhism. , music, literature, textual research, etc., one can see his erudition. The song "Wanghai Tower·Baozhu Cave" brings together the natural landscape, historical relics and the eternal vicissitudes of the place within the field of vision. It has a large amount of information, a wide span and rich connotations. The poem "Recalling Qin'e·Longtankou" accurately describes and artistically expresses the geographical and geological phenomena seen. It can be read and appreciated together with the relevant descriptions in the famous cultural geography book "The Scenery of the Imperial Capital". Cao Xueqin is also versatile and has written many books on epigraphy, stone arts, crafts, cooking, etc. He is also good at calligraphy, painting and poetry. These are all shown one by one in his encyclopedia of feudal society, "A Dream of Red Mansions". Nalan Xingde and Cao Xueqin were both elegant and refined people, but they were affectionate and righteous to their friends. Nalan Xingde made friends with famous scholars and scholars such as Zhu Yizun, Liang Peilan, Jiang Chenying, Gao Shiqi, and Gu Zhenguan, and devoted all his efforts to rescue Wu Zhaoqian who was trapped in despair. Although Nalan Xingde was rich and noble, he was not interested in officialdom or greedy for fame. He even wanted to get rid of worldly entanglements and live a leisurely life. Cao Xueqin had poetic friends such as Dunmin, Duncheng, Zhang Yiquan, etc., as well as mysterious close friends such as "Zhiyanzhai" and Hongxiao. He was willing to help the poor. It is said that even in the difficult situation of "making a living by painting" and "making a living with a rope bed and a tile stove", he still "often helped the orphans and widows", adopted the blind old woman Bai Lao, and taught the blind man Yu Shudu by making kites. The art of making a living. Cao Xueqin once declined the recommendation of her friend Dun Min and refused to seek a job in the palace. There are indeed many similarities between them and almost overlapping family backgrounds. No wonder Qianlong, who had become "in-laws" with the Nalan family not long after they were separated, insisted that after reading "A Dream of Red Mansions", it was about the affairs of the Mingzhu family of the previous dynasty. Some people are even more far-fetched and seek to conceal themselves, identifying the Ming Dynasty as the Grand View Garden; the father and son of Mingzhu Nalan are Jia Zheng, Baoyu, etc. to name a few. Regardless of whether such statements are grounded or meaningful, there are indeed too many similarities between them, and it is impossible for Cao Xueqin after Nalan to have no knowledge of the previous changes including the Mingzhu family. In addition, personal experience and experience, which enriched the source of his artistic creation and made "Dream of Red Mansions" a typical representative and greater connotation. It makes a literary work have richer connotations and profound meanings.
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