A "good man" is a scholar with beautiful quality. Zhang Zi asked, there is a kind of good man who is born good but not evil. What about their behavior?
Confucius replied that if a good man does not follow the path of a saint, his knowledge and morality will be difficult to enter the room. Confucius said earlier that Luz's knowledge is already in the classroom, but it has not yet entered the room. The same is true of natural good people. If you don't follow suit, the realm of learning to be excellent and being an official will be insufficient after all.
Why must we "practice" and do it? Because action brings cognition!
The so-called unity of knowing and doing, when you don't know, just do what Master says, without discount, and you will realize it in the process of doing it slowly.
This is the "defense, breaking and separation" of kendo in Confucian culture handed down from Japan.
In other words, you have to practice before you can enter the room. After entering the room, you can consider a breakthrough. Finally, you can leave Master, do what you want and create your own style.
Good Morning, everyone! Give a speech at night and realize your dream! Writing and speaking, seven times faster growth! The more you give, the more you get!
Today is 65438+1 October1of 20265438, which is New Year's Day. Here, Big Brother Zhang Shengping wishes all the comrades of Super Speaker a happy New Year's Day.
The past year of 2020 was an extraordinary year. At the beginning of the year, COVID-19 was ravaged, and then many twists and turns took place. However, we succeeded. 202 1, I hope comrades can continue to study and practice, and achieve good results and rich returns in the new year.
Still, that vulgar word can't be vulgar. We must persist in doing one thing and do it to the extreme. You are an expert, but you are different.
Ok, after a brief introduction, let's review what we learned yesterday as usual.
Confucius said, "The return is dull and often empty. If you don't give it, Huo Zhi will be repeated. "
It is said that Yan Hui lived a poor and happy life, almost approaching enlightenment, but he was repeatedly trapped in an empty house, penniless and surrounded by his family. "A scoop of food, a scoop of drink, in the mean lane, people can't bear to worry, and they won't change their fun when they go back." This quality is worth learning, but the situation is worth sighing. Such a good person is too poor to justify himself.
Another proud disciple of Duanmu Ci is Zi Gong. There are two solutions to zi gong, both of which make sense. First, Zi Gong refused to obey his orders and wanted to change his fate and make a fortune.
Second, it is said that Zigong is not engaged in state-owned enterprises according to your orders, but is engaged in its own business. "One billion is always successful", and "one billion" means speculation. Every time he predicts the market, he always guesses what goes up and what goes down! As a result, Zigong bought cheap and sold expensive, hoarded speculation and accumulated huge wealth, becoming the ancestor of Confucian businessmen.
We say that this society needs both kinds of people. Yan Hui, for example, is a gentleman who concentrates on his studies and can be poor and happy. Such people have left us a rich cultural heritage. Zi Gong, knowledgeable, able to do business, eloquent and versatile. First of all, it is quite remarkable that he can protect himself, not mistreat himself, but also benefit others.
These two men have made great contributions to Confucianism. One is to help him improve the cultural classics of the pre-Qin period; One is to multiply the influence of teachers, so that Confucianism can be respected and implemented in later generations and make great contributions.
Well, after a brief review of yesterday's content, let's learn a new chapter.
This chapter can be said to have many ambiguities, that is, one person has one explanation, and the sentences are different, and the expressions are different, but it doesn't matter, we can all know about it, and then you can judge for yourself which one you recognize most, which can help you and inspire you most!
Let's look at the original text first. Zhang Zi asked the way of kindness. Confucius said, "No practice, no entry."
Let's look at the first meaning first. The explanation is that good people are beautiful in quality but not learned. It should be said that, as Mencius said, at the beginning of life, nature is good and nature is good.
In other words, Zhang Zi asked how to be a good person, but the good people here are still different from what we call saints. A saint is perfect. No matter what he says, does or says, he is called a saint in all aspects. A good man is kind at first, but he can't reach the realm of a saint.
Confucius said, "If you don't practice, you won't advance."
Here, he is a causal sentence, that is, if you can't follow the path taken by the sage, that is, follow the path taken by the sage step by step, then your knowledge will be difficult to enter the room. Is entering the room just entering the room? Is to go to the core place, that is, to truly reach the realm of superiority.
The meaning of this explanation is that no matter how good our natural quality is, no matter how high our own quality is, if you can't study hard, who will you learn from? Learn from saints. Then we'll follow the last three, and you'll go backwards!
Only by learning from saints, teachers, studious and hard work can we really reach this point and reach the peak.
The word "practice" here is very important, that is, follow the teacher's footsteps and be impartial.
Actually, any knowledge is the same. People often think that they have made new theoretical discoveries. In fact, the place he studied has long been cultivated by predecessors for countless times.
Read less by yourself. People say that if you are stupid, you should read more. If it is not enough, read more! Why? Because there is nothing new under the sun. What do you think the things you have experienced are called, as if it were hard for you to happen. But in fact, the predecessors have experienced more things than you, and they have all experienced them. How to solve it also has a solution. As long as you study hard, you can find the answer. You can handle it according to this, learn from it, and you will understand, so you won't be trapped and at a loss.
This is especially true in some places involving personal skills and crafts. For example, building a house, singing Beijing opera, and so on, we must follow the famous teacher and do what he does. It must be the same in the end! If it is coming soon, there may be a problem. You must be wrong.
Huashan explained that the so-called stop at the best, there is only one correct answer to everything in the world. He said that there are two kinds of bowls in his family, one is the most traditional style, and the other is the fashionable and beautiful modern design. The bowls of traditional design are stacked, ten bowls are stacked, and ten bowls are neat and trendy. If three bowls are stacked, four bowls are dangerous. In other words, there is only one correct answer to the radian of this bowl. People have understood for thousands of years. A slight change will cause problems.
To tell the truth, I don't quite agree with him either! Now design well and innovate on the original basis, it will certainly not be bad. Giving some individual examples doesn't mean what will happen.
The weakness of human nature is that one is seeking novelty and expelling differences, and the other is caring about one's own performance. Unwilling to follow the old path and learn from others. This is the same as painting. It's easier to draw ghosts than dogs. Because what does a ghost look like? You draw casually, and there are no models.
It is extremely difficult to draw such a dog. So everyone is willing to draw ghosts, saying it is art and innovation.
The word innovation has also been played badly. It is to condone this behavior of not trying to learn the correct routine, seeking novelty and expelling differences, and expressing oneself.
"Sticking to the rules" was originally a commendatory term, asking you to stick to the rules like Mozi. As a result, it was passed down as a derogatory term by the weakness of human nature, and the rut became something that people despised. Can you hold it? Do you have the ability to stick to the rules? Most people don't meet the established standards, let alone keep them. But just because it has never been realized is called self-deception.
Why do you have to practice? Do it, because action brings cognition, that is, the unity of knowledge and action.
When you don't know it, just do as Master says, and you will know it slowly in the process of action. In fact, it means listening before doing, thinking in the process of action, slowly realizing after thinking, and finally turning the teacher's things into your own.
Here is an example of the Japanese kendo organization, which has three words called "keep, break and leave", in strict accordance with Confucian culture!
Keep it, that is, one stroke at a time, in strict accordance with what the master taught, without deviating at all, just imitate it first! Teachers have accumulated decades of experience. Only when they have mastered the teacher's knowledge and mastered it completely can they have their own creation and breakthrough.
In other words, you have to practice before you can enter the room, then consider a breakthrough, and finally leave, that is, get rid of the original things and find a way that really suits you. For example, if you haven't studied anything, it's really too difficult for you to open an independent school.
It's really not easy to study at home, truly understand and integrate, set up a school according to your own characteristics, and create your own style at will.
To sum up, the first statement is practice. You can't get into the room without practicing. If you don't follow the footsteps of masters, follow the footsteps of saints, imitate well and study hard, you will not be kind. This is an explanation.
Another explanation is that to do a good thing, you don't need to see it as a good thing. Dont Ask For Help thinks it is a good thing. If you set an example to others for good deeds and good reputation, there is a problem. Don't go into the room, which means don't tie yourself to this good idea in order to do good to good people. This explanation is also very interesting.
Just don't keep the idea of being good in your heart, so why make yourself a sign of being a good person? Therefore, China people pay attention to doing good and accumulating Yin, and what others can't see is Yin. The surface is Yang.
Don't do good when others see you, that is a virtue. Don't preach good deeds everywhere. Look what I did, how great I look!
If you do good to be famous, then your own starting point is actually wrong.
Even if you do and help others, even if people ask after you do, you don't have to admit how good you are, just say you know. This is the moral standard of China in the past.
So is Buddhism. Buddhists pay attention to accumulating virtue and doing good deeds. It seems to be a waste to do good deeds without leaving a name or publicity, because no one thanks you and no one knows you did it.
But this is Yin De, which belongs to Yin and his descendants, that is, future generations will benefit from your accumulated Yin De.
One of China's novels is Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio. As we all know, the first one is an examination of the city god. The story goes like this: there is a scholar who dreams of taking the exam, and the examiner is Guan Gong.
I accepted him as soon as I saw his paper, so why did you accept him?
Because there are two sentences in his paper: intentional is good, although good is not rewarded, unintentional is evil, although evil is not punished.
In other words, it is a good thing to deliberately do good deeds and show them to others or ghosts and gods, but there should be no reward. For another example, a knife doesn't work. If you throw it away, it's a pity that it hurts people. I really didn't mean to hurt him, so although it was a bad thing, it shouldn't be punished. Of course, this is also wrong. Hurt people must be punished, because there are too many unintentional mistakes, but after all, it is not intentional, so it is limited liability and intentional injury.
That is, the second explanation requires us to do good deeds without leaving a trace, accumulate more virtues, and not frame ourselves with the concept of goodness. This is the second explanation. There are other explanations, so I won't say much here. Only two of them are clear to everyone.
Deep down, I still agree with the first one, which is the hypothetical sentence. Or take the story that I learned to write and calligraphy as an example. If I can't study hard with my teacher and copy from the great calligrapher Zhao Mengfu, I can imagine that it is difficult for me to write well. Although I work hard, my thoughts, realm and proficiency can't reach the level of free play.
However, following the teacher to practice more, stroke by stroke, how to start writing, how to write, how to arrange the structure, and practice a little bit, seems a bit stupid, everything is the same as you, why not innovate! As a matter of fact, I have carefully read Zhao Mengfu's words. People are as natural and comfortable as nature, and each stroke has a charm, which is in line with heaven.
In fact, after two years, my own handwriting is really a bit like it. Of course, I can only say that I have just entered the room a little, but I believe I will enter the room in time.
We may not be calligraphers, but it is more reliable to be a better calligrapher. As said here, we may be saints, but it is still feasible for us to be good people, right, comrades?
I hope that when the new year comes, that is, 202 1, everyone will make up their minds to be a good person, a saint or what kind of person we are, and then find an example and a tutor to study hard. One day earlier, I became like him, made different achievements and became my true self.
Ok, that's all for today. Let's learn the next chapter tomorrow. Confucius said, "On loyalty, is it a gentleman or a woman?" If you don't explain this sentence, you will definitely look embarrassed. How to explain it specifically? We'll talk tomorrow.