1. Style, layout and title
If you write impromptu works such as Spring Festival couplets and wedding couplets, you only need to pay attention to the layout of fonts. First of all, the words should be correct and generous. The couplet is for people to see, and you must not write irresponsibly and arbitrarily. Fonts should be in block letters, running script and official script, but running script and cursive script should not be used. In addition, the layout of the left and right sides should be consistent, and the density of words should be appropriate. Don't make the upper part sparse and the lower part dense, let alone make the upper part block letters and the lower part running script.
When writing room couplets, study couplets, etc., we should pay special attention to styles. If we make a mistake in styles, it will not only look uncomfortable, but also be regarded as disrespect for those seeking couplets.
the layout and appellation of the preceding and the following paragraphs will be explained in detail.
1. The preceding paragraph
There are three contents in the preceding paragraph: name, title and couplet, and the order is name first, title second and couplet last.
Write the name of the recipient on the couplet. If the recipient is a group, it belongs to the name of the group. If it is to send a store to open, the upper paragraph of the couplet can be written as "Happy New Store". If you send a friend to his mother's funeral, you don't use the name of his mother, but the book friend's surname and his mother's family's surname, and the friend's surname is given the word "mother", which is the title of the book. For example, "Mrs. Zhang Muyang is eternal". This kind of style is a common way of writing, and there is another way of writing, that is, all titles are written: for example, "Uncle Ma died", that is, the first part is the name of the deceased by the bearer, and the second part is the identity of the deceased himself.
The titles of greetings and elegiac couplets in couplets are the same as those in letters. Couplets for boyfriends can be called "Mr." or "Mr."; for classmates, they can be called "Xuexiong" or "Xueyou"; for girlfriends, they can be called "Ms.".
Now, the general relationship appellations and common kinship appellations are listed as follows:
General relationship appellations
What kind of relationships are used to address each other?
Father of a friend
Mother of a friend
Children of a friend
Relatives of a friend
Teachers and students
Wife of a teacher
Father of a teacher
Grandfather of a father. Close brother-in-law, sister
brother's wife
sister's husband
uncle, uncle's son
aunt's brother
wife's brother-in-law
father's cousin
mother's cousin
wife's grandfather.
your son makes your daughter
your mother
your teacher
your wife
your teacher, your teacher
your great-grandfather, your great-grandmother
your grandfather, your grandmother
your uncle, your uncle
your father-in-law, your mother-in-law
your uncle. Uncle
uncle
aunt
grandfather, grandmother
uncle, aunt
brother-in-law, brother-in-law
name or nephew
name
student (p) Sister
brother-in-law, sister
cousin, cousin
brother-in-law (brother)
brother-in-law
cousin
cousin
(same as above)
nephew
Anyone with the word "Ling" belongs to the third person. In this kind of third person, there are some uncommon nicknames, such as calling the son of a person "Lingxiang" or "Your Son"; Call people's wives "Lingge" and "Lingfu", and call people's husbands "Lingtan" and "Lingfu".
if you send someone a couplet directly, you can use a single name. Such as "Comrade Lan Qing's wedding anniversary". Send a couplet to the other party's younger generation, when using a double name. Used as a double title under the other party's name, this title is written with the number of its offspring, and then the title is added under the number of its offspring (no title is required). For example, "the wedding anniversary of Mr. Chun Lin's son Yongshan" and "the wedding anniversary of Mr. Xinhua's leaving the cabinet".
A couplet is a word that indicates the nature of couplets. Such as "birthday" for birthdays; Mourning with "eternal" and so on. Now the standard conjunctions are classified as follows: wedding couplets-Yan Xi, Yan Er Xi, wedding anniversary, wedding anniversary (for the purpose of continuing marriage), wedding anniversary of returning home, and wedding anniversary (for the purpose of marrying women).
Birthday couplets-Birthday, Birthday, Daqing, Chudu, Rong Qing, 1th Birthday, and Rong Qing.
building a house-the joy of the completion of a new house, the joy of living together, the joy of being here, and the joy of rank.
laying the foundation stone-the joy of living and the joy of power.
moving-the joy of moving is even more pleasant.
opening-the joy of new Zhang, the joy of opening.
elegiac couplet-eternal, spiritual right, spiritual seat and water are immortal.
Inscription couplets-elegance, elegance, elegance, truthfulness, truthfulness, truthfulness and genuineness.
The antithetical couplets are meant to identify the nature of couplets, so all kinds of antithetical couplets have insurmountable boundaries and cannot be mixed.
2. The next paragraph
The next paragraph includes three contents, namely, title, naming, naming language, and some of them are stamped after the naming language (the study couplet, the building couplet, the hall couplet, etc. are stamped, but other types of couplets are generally not stamped).
the title of the next paragraph depends on the title of the previous paragraph. For example, in the preceding paragraph, the trustee is called Taiyue, and in the next paragraph, he calls himself Sun Xu. For other titles, see the previous table. I won't go into details here. However, there are a few points to add:
First, if the local public buildings are inscribed, they are usually called "Yi people" and "Li people" and then named. Such as "Yi Ren Lu Weinian wrote". If you give an inscription to a foreign building, you can add your native place before your name, such as "Written by Ma Yonghua, Yangzhou".
2. If several people are named with the same title, only one title can be used in the middle. For example:
Lu Zhenming
Student: Ma Yufeng bows to congratulate
Fang Shihua
If the appellation is different, it can be stated separately. Such as:
cousin Zhao Tonghua
cousin Zhao Shuchen
here's the name, the name of the ordinary multi-linked book. If you have both names, the name should be given before the name. For example, "Ji Gao Zuo Zongtang wrote it with respect".
if several people have the same name, the middle is the first, followed by the left and right (or up and down). For example,
Guo Hongmei
Chen Lanqing, a student, congratulates
Zhang Xiuling
The person who asked someone to write a book had the name of the person who wrote it before his name. For example:
Kang Wen wrote the book Cai Yuhua Jingli
And there were people who wrote their age, or the date and season of the book. But most people don't write age, and those who write age are mostly older (or younger). For example:
quiet and far-reaching
indifferent to Ming Zhi
79-year-old Ren Zhongqi
The styles of the two units are as follows:
Congratulations on the establishment of Pingyang Poetry Couplet Society
Adding splendor to the literary world
Yi Yuan Yi Fei Fang
Wenshan Poetry Couplet Society
. Shoulian has a wish; The elegiac couplet has a respectful, sincere, worshipful and weeping arm.
The naming language should use different words according to the seniority, closeness and affection of the addressee.
second, the method of book printing, seal and posting
couplets are not only a kind of literature art, but also a kind of calligraphy art. A pair of neat couplets with exquisite meaning, if written in calligraphy art, is a beautiful work of art.
As for the calligraphy of couplets, the following points are discussed:
1. The position and font of the couplet
The characters in the upper and lower paragraphs are smaller than those in the couplet, which is about one-third of the couplet. The preceding paragraph should be written on the top left of the first part, but it should not be written as a top box, about four inches above the sky. The next paragraph should be written in the lower left of the bottom couplet, but it should not be written to the bottom, and it is appropriate to leave it about four inches below. If it is a long couplet with more than two rows, the upper paragraph is often written in the upper end of the upper couplet and the lower paragraph is written in the lower end of the lower couplet.
2. format and punctuation of couplet
if it is a long couplet with more than two lines, no matter how many lines are arranged, each line should have a flat head. The number of words in the first two lines should be equal; Moreover, the number of words arranged in the upper and lower lines should be equal, maintaining strict symmetry. Couplets are written straight, with the first couplet written from the right and the second couplet written from the left. The second line of the long couplet must be level with the first line.
When writing couplets, you should also pay attention to leaving a space of about one inch at the top and bottom of the couplet, and a little space between every two lines, otherwise it will lose the beauty of symmetry. Besides, don't punctuate couplets.
3. The font and paper of book couplets
What font is used for a certain kind of couplets is also particular. Generally speaking, regular script and official script are suitable for couplets and elegiac couplets hanging outside the door, which makes them look solemn and solemn. Indoor couplets, cursive and running scripts are wonderful. This will look relaxed and elegant. The couplets used in the living room and study room are not only cursive and running script, but also seal script. Seal script, with strong artistic flavor, has an antique charm. However, the font and couplet of the inscription can be different, and regular script or running script can be used.
there are certain restrictions on writing couplets. For example, red paper is used for celebrations, white or blue paper is used for mourning, and couplets are used for the decoration of the living room study, and it is generally appropriate to use rice paper for mounting.
4. Posting of couplets
The posting of couplets should conform to the traditional rules and require that couplets be posted vertically. The upper part should be posted on the right hand side (the left side of the door), and the lower part should be posted on the left hand side (the right side of the door). The upper and lower couplet cannot be pasted backwards. Generally, to identify the upper sentence and the lower sentence of couplets, we only need to analyze the level of the word couplet. For example, the suffix with three tones and four tones is the upper part, and for example, the suffix with one tone and two tones is the lower part. However, some couplets have flat endings and lower endings. Don't think that all the endings are upper endings. This requires us to read the couplet carefully when posting and really understand the content of the couplet.
Third, the cross-dressing of couplets
Cross-dressing is also called cross-dressing, cross-dressing and cross-dressing. In addition to the elegiac couplets, most of them should be used. Cross-dressing is closely related to the content of couplets. A good cross-dressing can play a role of
icing on the cake. In other words, a horizontal couplet is the theme of a couplet, which can be divided into three forms in writing techniques: first, the couplet is freehand and the title is horizontal; Second, the couplet is freehand brushwork, and the forehead is the finishing touch; Third, the joint cloak complements and complements each other.
most of the horizontal stripes are four characters. In the past, horizontal stripes were written from right to left. Nowadays, horizontal stripes are written from left to right, and right to left is a formal writing method. Sticking a horizontal shawl should be stuck in the middle of the lintel, and its font should be consistent with the upper and lower couplet style, echoing up and down.
(Excerpted from Chapter 13 "Format and Requirements of Couplets" in The Complete Collection of Couplets edited by Li Yuchun)