From the point of view of physical geography, Huangshan Mountain is a part of the hills in southeast China and a watershed between the Yangtze River and Qiantang River in Anhui Province. Huangshan is about 40 kilometers long from north to south and 30 kilometers wide from east to west. The total area of the mountain is about 1200 square kilometers, and Huangshan Scenic Area is the core of the mountain, with an area of 154 square kilometers.
About 200-300 million years ago, the place where Huangshan Mountain was located was a piece of Wang Yang called "Ancient Yangtze Sea". Later, the ancient Yangtze Sea shrank, and the exposed land was called "Jiangnan Ancient Land". About 200 million years ago, a large-scale crustal movement took place, and the ancient Yangtze Sea disappeared, and today's Huangshan area became land. By 65.438+0.43 billion years ago, the hot rock in the deep underground rose upward and cooled at a distance of 3,000 ~ 6,000 meters from the ground, forming a granite rock mass, which is the Huangshan embryo bred underground.
The towering mountain peaks started another large-scale crustal movement 50-60 million years ago, which finally made the concealed granite rock mass rush out of the ground, forming the Fiona Fang layout of Huangshan Mountain today. However, Huangshan at that time was not as magical and beautiful as it is today. Later natural forces such as wind, rain, snow, frost and running water. Can polish hard granite into a beautiful appearance.
The beauty of Huangshan Mountain is a multi-level and multi-faceted comprehensive natural landscape beauty. The scenery of Huangshan Mountain is a combination of strange, deep, majestic peaks and mystery, which has high aesthetic value. Among them, the four scenic spots, namely, strange pine, grotesque rocks, sea of clouds and hot springs, are praised by people and are known as the "four wonders of Huangshan Mountain".
"Huangshan pine" is well-known at home and abroad, and is known as "no stone, no pine, no wonder". Pinus taiwanensis mostly grows on high cliffs above 800 meters above sea level. The age of trees is generally more than several hundred years, and a few even reach thousands of years. These famous pines are simple and vigorous, grotesque, some are upright, some are inclined, some are resolute and straight, and some are bent up and down. To this end, people have named ten famous pines: welcome pines, bow their heads to see guests off; Phoenix pine, spreading its wings; Lian Lisong, Pu Tuansong, Black Tiger Pine, Kirin Pine, Unity Pine, Sea Exploration Pine, Pine. Whether it is the top of the mountain, the hillside or the valley, Pinus taiwanensis can be seen everywhere, which is both strange and beautiful.
Huangshan Mountain is mountainous, with strange peaks and rocks everywhere, and there are as many people with various names 120. There are many kinds of strange stones, small and exquisite, natural and exquisite; Dashilin stands tall and stalagmites are listed. Famous grotesque rocks include "Squirrel Jumping to the Sky" and "Monkey Watching the Sea". There are two wonders in Huangshan stone: First, two different scenes will appear when standing in different positions. For example, there is a small peak near Tiandu Peak in Banshan Temple, such as "Golden Rooster", which is called "Golden Rooster is Tianmen", but looking back at Panlongpo, "Golden Rooster" has become "five old people" and "all five old people are in the sky". The Magpie Climbs the Plum and The Fairy Leads the Way
Also belong to this category. Another miracle is the wonderful combination of Qiaoshi and Qisong, which forms an amazing landscape. For example, the dream pen in Beihai gives birth to flowers, which is a combination of stone pen and pine flowers.
There are clouds everywhere in Huangshan Mountain. Whenever the rain clears, or before sunrise, the valley is shrouded in clouds, like the sea is not the sea, like smoke is not smoke, the wind is full of weather, and the sunrise is colorful and magnificent. The sea of clouds makes Huangshan quiet and energetic, and it is also a major feature that Huangshan is superior to other famous mountains. The sea of clouds in Huangshan is divided into five parts. The east of Baieling is called the East China Sea, the west of Feilai Peak is called the West Sea, the south of Lotus Peak is called the South China Sea, the north of Lion Forest is called the North Sea, and the surrounding area of Guangmingding is called the Tianhai.
There are three hot springs in Huangshan: one is called the "hot spring" under Ziyun Peak; One is on the south side of Songgu Temple, named "Xiquan"; One is at the peak of the holy spring, which is called the "holy spring". Qian Shan's "hot springs" have a high water temperature, generally maintained at around 42℃, with clear water quality and sweet taste. According to legend, Xuanyuan Huangdi once bathed here, rejuvenating and rejuvenating, which made him famous in all directions and was called "Lingquan".
"From a distance, the mountain turned into a mountain peak, and the distance was different. I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, but toward which corner of the mountain. " This poem by Su Dongpo truly describes the wonders of Lushan Mountain. Su Dongpo is not the only person who discovered and described the wonders of Lushan Mountain in ancient and modern times. From this perspective, Lushan Mountain is definitely a famous mountain in the south of China.
Lushan Mountain, located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the south bank of Poyang Lake, is a horst-type fault-block mountain. Mountains and rivers, great rivers and great lakes are integrated into one, which combines preciseness and femininity, and is famous for its "masculinity, strangeness, danger and beauty". Lushan Mountain has important scientific and aesthetic value. Lushan Mountain Scenic Area covers an area of 302 square kilometers, and the peripheral protection zone is 500 square kilometers. Lushan Mountain has unique Quaternary glacial remains, including rivers, lakes, slopes and peaks, and is called a geological park.
Lushan began its development history more than one billion years ago. It records the evolution history of the earth's crust and bears the soul-stirring changes that have taken place again and again on the earth: the alternation of land and sea, the slow deposition of the earth's crust, the alternation of cold and hot climate, the evolution of life and death, the rise of mountains in Yanshan movement, the baptism of Quaternary glaciers and so on.
Lushan Mountain is the most typical peak of Quaternary glacial relics: Daao Ice Bucket, Lulin Ice House, Wangjiapo U-shaped Valley, Lotus Valley Hanging Valley, Plough Tip Velvet, Hanpoling Ridge, Jinzhuping Ice Slope, Shimenjian Ice Shore and "Ice Platform", Bishanwei, sheep back stone, glacier stripe stone and so on. About 20 million years ago, during the Himalayan movement, Lushan became a fault mountain. During the Quaternary Great Glaciation 2 million years ago, Lushan had at least three or four sub-glacial periods. Each ice age lasted for hundreds of thousands of years. Due to the cold climate and abundant snowfall, glaciers are produced. Every time the glacier carved the majestic Lushan Mountain. The interglacial climate between sub-glacial periods was hot for hundreds of thousands of years. Glaciers melt, flowing water gurgles down, cliffs and waterfalls stand around Lushan Mountain, and mudslides are constantly produced, making Lushan Mountain steep and beautiful and becoming a world famous mountain.
The geological structure of Lushan Mountain is complex and obvious, which shows the main process of crustal change. The northern part is dominated by fold structures, forming a series of valley landforms; There are a series of fault cliffs in the south and northwest, forming peaks. There are wide valleys and canyons in the mountains, and terraces and valleys are developed around them. Due to the fault block structure, the mountains are all over the mountains. Some of the peaks of Lushan Mountain are round like canopies, some are like the Great Wall, some are high in the sky, and some overlook the waves, which are magnificent and full of weather. Although surrounded by mountains and deep cliffs, the relative height from Guling Street to Hanyang Peak is not large, and the valley is wide, forming a strange terrain of "steep outside and flat inside". The elevation of Dahangyang Peak, the main peak of Lushan Mountain, is1.474m. There are many ravines, caves, waterfalls and faint streams among the surrounding peaks, and the terrain is complex and diverse. The water flow forms cracks in the valley, forming many rapids and waterfalls. The drop of the famous Sandiequan Waterfall155m.
Lushan Mountain is located in the subtropical monsoon region, with abundant rainfall and mild and pleasant climate. It is a "cool island" hanging high in the "hot sea" in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in midsummer. The temperature difference in the mountains is large, there are many clouds, and the changes are endless. Sometimes the top of the mountain is higher than the clouds. Seen from the foot of the mountain, Lushan Mountain is shrouded in mist, just like a fairyland. Looking down from the mountain, there is a vast sea of clouds under your feet, just like walking through the clouds. The superior natural conditions make Lushan Mountain lush and rich in vegetation. With the increase of altitude, the thermal state of surface water is vertically distributed, and evergreen broad-leaved forest, deciduous broad-leaved forest and their mixed forests grow from the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain. According to incomplete statistics, there are 2 10 families, 735 genera and 1720 species of plants in Lushan Mountain, which are divided into seven types: temperate zone, tropical zone, subtropical zone, East Asia, North America and China. This is a natural botanical garden.